scholarly journals The Impact of Cognitive Anxiety and the Rating of Pain on Care Processes in a Vigilance Task: The Important Part Played by Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Luis Pinel ◽  
Miguel A. Perez-Nieto ◽  
Marta Redondo ◽  
Luis Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Leticia L. Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
The Impact

Chronic pain is a serious public health problem that has grown exponentially in recent years, which is why it has received the attention of numerous researchers. Most of the studies in the field of chronic pain have focused on care as a mediating variable on the perception of painful stimuli and emotions. Nevertheless, there are very few studies that have gone in the opposite direction. This study’s aim is therefore to analyse the impact of emotional variables (anxiety and depression), the rating of pain, and age on vigilance processes in a sample of patients with chronic pain. To do so, the attentional performance of a cohort of 52 patients with chronic pain was measured through the use of a modified dot-probe task. Furthermore, all the participants were evaluated using the following self-report measures: Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 (PASS-20). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the pain rating index and the number of mistakes the participants made during the attention test. There was also a positive and significant correlation with age and another negative and significant correlation with cognitive anxiety regarding the overall performance times during the undertaking of the experimental task. These results point to the importance of a more in-depth understanding of the impact that the emotional variables and other variables such as age have on attentional processes and the rating of pain. Finally, the discussion focuses on the implications these results could have for clinical practice or for future research studies in this field.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Relationship Between Initial Injury, Referral to A Pain Clinic, and Medical Retirement from the Army: A Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 502-505
Author(s):  
Justin J Stewart ◽  
Diane Flynn ◽  
Alana D Steffen ◽  
Dale Langford ◽  
Honor McQuinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pain Care ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Introduction Soldiers are expected to deploy worldwide and must be medically ready in order to accomplish their mission. Soldiers unable to deploy for an extended period of time because of chronic pain or other conditions undergo an evaluation for medical retirement. A retrospective analysis of existing longitudinal data from an Interdisciplinary Pain Management Center (IPMC) was used to evaluate the temporal relationship between the time of initial duty restriction and referral for comprehensive pain care to being evaluated for medical retirement. Methods Patients were adults (>18 years old) and were cared for in an IPMC at least once between May 1, 2014 and February 28, 2018. A total of 1,764 patients were included in the final analysis. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of duration between date of first duty restriction documentation and IPMC referral to the outcome variable of establishment of a permanent 3 (P3) profile. Results The duration between date of first duty restriction and IPMC referral showed a curvilinear relationship to probability of a P3 profile. According to our model, a longer duration before referral is associated with an increased probability of a subsequent P3 profile with the highest probability peaking at 19 months. The probability of P3 declines gradually for those who were referred later. Discussion This is the first time the relationship between time of initial duty restriction, referral to an IPMC, and subsequent P3 or higher profile has been tested. Future research is needed to examine medical conditions listed on the profile to see how they might contribute to the cause of referral to the IPMC. Conclusion A longer duration between initial duty restriction and referral to IPMC was associated with higher odds of subsequent P3 status for up to 19 months. Referral to an IPMC for comprehensive pain care early in the course of chronic pain conditions may reduce the likelihood of P3 profile and eventual medical retirement of soldiers.

scholarly journals Global Impact of COVID-19 on Weight and Weight-Related Behaviors in the Adult Population: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1876
Author(s):  
Han Shi Jocelyn Chew ◽  
Violeta Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To provide an overview of what is known about the impact of COVID-19 on weight and weight-related behaviors. Methods: Systematic scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. Results: A total of 19 out of 396 articles were included. All studies were conducted using online self-report surveys. The average age of respondents ranged from 19 to 47 years old, comprised of more females. Almost one-half and one-fifth of the respondents gained and lost weight during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Among articles that examined weight, diet and physical activity changes concurrently, weight gain was reported alongside a 36.3% to 59.6% increase in total food consumption and a 67.4% to 61.4% decrease in physical activities. Weight gain predictors included female sex, middle-age, increased appetite, snacking after dinner, less physical exercise, sedentary behaviors of ≥6 h/day, low water consumption and less sleep at night. Included articles did not illustrate significant associations between alcohol consumption, screen time, education, place of living and employment status, although sedentary behaviors, including screen time, did increase significantly. Conclusions: Examining behavioral differences alone is insufficient in predicting weight status. Future research could examine differences in personality and coping mechanisms to design more personalized and effective weight management interventions.

The Parent–Child Relationship and Sport Parents’ Experiences of Burnout and Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233
Author(s):  
J.D. DeFreese ◽  
Travis E. Dorsch ◽  
Travis A. Flitton
Keyword(s):  
Youth Sport ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Psychosocial Experiences ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parents Experiences ◽  
Parent Child

Burnout and engagement are important psychological outcomes in sport with potential to impact athletes as well as sport parents. The present study examined associations among markers of the sport-based parent child-relationship (warmth and conflict) and parent burnout and engagement in organized youth sport. Youth sport parents (N = 214) aged 26–66 years (M = 43.2,SD = 6.2) completed valid and reliable self-report assessments of study variables. Study results showcased warmth, but not conflict, in the parent–child relationship as a significant negative contributor to global burnout and a significant positive contributor to global engagement in sport parents. Results offer preliminary insight into the impact of parent–child warmth in sport on parents’ experiences of burnout and engagement. Findings have implications for future research and practice designed to promote positive psychosocial experiences for sport families.

scholarly journals SQoF-WEAR Project. The Use of Wearable Devices to Identify the Impact of Stress on Workers’ Quality of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Patricia Concheiro-Moscoso ◽  
Betania Groba ◽  
Sílvia Monteiro-Fonseca ◽  
Nereida Canosa ◽  
Cristina Queirós
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Stress is a major public health problem due to its relevant health, social and economic repercussions. Moreover, stress can be associated with work; when stress increases over time, burnout can occur, an occupational phenomenon recognized by the WHO in 2019. There is interest in the use of wearable devices to monitor and control stressors and their influence on the condition of workers. This study aims to identify the level of job stress and its influence on the quality of life of workers. (2) Methods:This longitudinal study was carried out between the end of May and mid-July 2021. Three assessment tools along with a daily and a weekly questionnaire were computerized through the RedCap platform. The participants had to fill out the diary and weekly questionnaires and wear a Xiaomi Mi Band 5 during the project. (3) Results and discussion: Thirty-six workers from the University of Coruña and from the University of Porto participated in the project. This study promotes the awareness of workers regarding their work stress and the influence of this factor on their quality of life using physiological (e.g., activity, sleep, and heart rate) and psychological indicators (self-report questionnaires in different moments).

scholarly journals A usability and feasibility study of a computerized version of the Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire: the BAPQ-C

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie Jordan ◽  
Fiona M. Begen ◽  
Lisa Austin ◽  
Rhiannon T. Edwards ◽  
Hannah Connell
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Electronic Version ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Paper Version ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Pain is a common experience in adolescence, with up to 44% of adolescents reporting chronic pain. For a significant minority, severe pain becomes an ongoing disabling problem. Treatment of adolescent chronic pain aims to reduce the impact of pain on adolescents’ lives. Efficient, accurate assessment of the impact of pain is essential to treatment. The ‘Bath Adolescent Pain Questionnaire’ (BAPQ) is a psychometrically robust multidimensional self-report measure of adolescent functioning. Whilst widely used, the paper-based format of the BAPQ can present completion difficulties for adolescents experiencing chronic pain. To increase the accessibility and clinical utility of the BAPQ, an electronic version of the measure is needed. This study assesses the usability and feasibility of a computerized version of this measure (BAPQ-C) in an adolescent chronic pain population. Methods Fourteen adolescents (13 females; 13–16 years) were recruited from a hospital-based residential pain management programme. Participants completed a qualitative ‘thinking aloud task’ whilst completing the BAPQ-C. and, an acceptability questionnaire regarding the BAPQ-C. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, a widely used qualitative method of data analysis . Results Two themes labelled ‘engagement and technological appeal’ and ‘accessibility and independence’ were generated. Themes revealed numerous factors contributing to participants’ preference for the BAPQ-C compared with the paper version of the BAPQ. Participants reported that the BAPQ-C was ‘quicker’ and ‘easier’ to complete than the BAPQ. Functional aspects of the BAPQ-C which included use of a touch screen rather than a pen and paper, font colours/styles, the zoom function and the spellchecker, provided participants with improved access. This subsequently increased participants’ independence and confidence when completing the measure. Conclusion The BAPQ-C is a feasible multidimensional tool for the assessment of functioning in adolescents who experience chronic pain. It was well-received by participants who were able to complete the measure more quickly, independently and confidently than the paper-based BAPQ. Increased speed, ease and accuracy of completion make the BAPQ-C an ideal tool for use in busy clinical and research settings. Findings highlight the potential benefits of adopting the BAPQ-C when assessing the impact of chronic pain on adolescents in clinic and home-based settings.

Using self-report and skin conductance measures to evaluate theme park experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 135676672096973
Author(s):  
Shanshi Li
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theme Park ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Affective Intensity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

This study examines the impact of the key affective moments of a theme park experience on visitors’ post-trip evaluations measured immediately after their visits. One hundred and twenty-three participants visited a theme park while their real-time skin conductance and self-report data were collected. Results indicate that visitors’ pleasure levels (i.e. average, beginning, peak, and end) consistently correlate with satisfaction, which in turn, positively influences behavioural intention. In particular, visitors’ satisfaction levels are better aligned with the affective intensity at the end moment and the average emotion intensity of a theme park experience. Arousal, however, was not found to be a significant indicator of post-trip evaluation. The study extends literature on key moments and retrospective evaluation by illustrating how visitors rely on affective moments of a theme park experience to construct overall evaluations. The study concludes with practical implications and scope for future research.

scholarly journals Impact of Obesity on Voriconazole Pharmacokinetics among Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuto Takahashi ◽  
Angela R. Smith ◽  
Pamala A. Jacobson ◽  
James Fisher ◽  
Nathan T. Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplant ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Voriconazole (VCZ) is an antifungal agent with wide inter- and intrapatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and narrow therapeutic index. Although obesity was associated with higher VCZ trough concentrations in adults, the impact of obesity had yet to be studied in children. We characterized the PK of VCZ in obese patients by accounting for age and CYP2C19 phenotype. We conducted intensive PK studies of VCZ and VCZ N-oxide metabolite in 44 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients aged 2 to 21 years who received prophylactic intravenous VCZ every 12 hours (q12h). Blood samples were collected at 5 and 30 minutes; at 1, 3, 6, and 9 hours after infusion completion; and immediately before the next infusion start. We estimated PK parameters with noncompartmental analysis and evaluated for an association with obesity by multiple linear regression analysis. The 44 participants included 9 (20%) with obesity. CYP2C19 metabolism phenotypes were identified as normal in 22 (50%), poor/intermediate in 13 (30%), and rapid/ultrarapid in 9 patients (21%). Obesity status significantly affects the VCZ minimum concentration of drug in serum (Cmin) (higher by 1.4 mg/liter; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0 to 2.8; P = 0.047) and VCZ metabolism ratio (VCZRATIO) (higher by 0.4; 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.7; P = 0.03), while no association was observed with VCZ area under the curve (AUC) (P = 0.09) after adjusting for clinical factors. A younger age and a CYP2C19 phenotype were associated with lower VCZ AUC. Obesity was associated with decreased metabolism of VCZ to its inactive N-oxide metabolite and, concurrently, increased VCZ Cmin, which is deemed clinically meaningful. Future research should aim to further characterize its effects and determine a proper dosing regimen for the obese.

scholarly journals Places of living and places of dying: the case for preventing suicide in residential long-term care

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Briony Jain ◽  
Viktoryia Kalesnikava ◽  
Joseph E. Ibrahim ◽  
Briana Mezuk
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Residential Long Term Care

Abstract This commentary addresses the increasing public health problem of suicide in later life and presents the case for preventing suicide in residential long-term care settings. We do so by examining this issue from the perspective of three levels of stakeholders – societal, organisational and individual – considering the relevant context, barriers and implications of each. We begin by discussing contemporary societal perspectives of ageing; the potential impact of ageism on prevention of late-life suicide; and the roles of gender and masculinity. This is followed by a historical analysis of the origin of residential long-term care; current organisational challenges; and person-centred care as a suicide prevention strategy. Finally, we consider suicide in long-term care from the perspective of individuals, including the experience of older adults living in residential care settings; the impact of suicide on residential care health professionals and other staff; and the impact of suicide bereavement on family, friends and other residents. We conclude with recommendations for policy reform and future research. This commentary aims to confront the often unspoken bias associated with preventing suicide among older adults, particularly those living with complex medical conditions, and invoke an open dialogue about suicide prevention in this population and setting.

A snapshot of psycho-social issues in camp living. A Sri Lankan landslide May 2016 in the Kegalle district

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Broadway-Horner 1
Keyword(s):  
Professional Growth ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Graduate Degrees ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to explore the aspects of being made homeless or Internally Displaced person (IDP) and how the team attempted to assess this. The team of 10 psychological researchers and statisticians spent a day at 5 camps in 4 locations within Kegalle, Sri Lanka. The languages within the team are Tamil, English and Sinhalese. The aim to find out if depression, anxiety and trauma symptoms are evident within child, adolescents and adults categories, 3 months after the landslide triggered by the storm Roanu May 2016. The participants volunteered to be interviewed using self report measures. The psychological researchers did have undergraduate and post graduate degrees in psychology. Whilst the project lead had clinical experience, the researchers did not and so this was their first field trip. The research was granted ethical clearance by the ethics board at CIRP – Colombo. Unfortunately, due to low numbers, significance is problematic and so this paper addresses the experience and lessons learned by implication for professional growth and future research with IDP. But the impact upon men’s health becomes clear as the team discovers the psychosocial aspects of being homeless.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD FAMILY EXPERIENCE ON PARTNERSHIP PROBLEMS AND BIRTH-RATE IN ADULTHOOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Indra Tretjakova ◽  
Anita Pipere
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Family Experience ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Partnership Quality ◽  
The Impact

The causes for the partnership problems and low birth-rate can be looked upon not only through an economical discourse, but also via the thorough exploration of psychological determinants of sustainable family relationships. The skills and abilities for the development of such relationships significantly depend on the characteristics of childhood family experience. Exploring the factors that influence partnership quality and birth-rate in Latvia 221 respondents were surveyed (185 women and 36 men) aged from 20 to 40. Majority of the sample indicated to their negative childhood experience (mostly parents’ conflicts, divorce, neglect, alcohol abuse) and admitted an impact of this experience on their partnership in adulthood. The respondents with negative childhood family experience reported conflicts in their current relationships more often than their counterparts with supportive childhood experience. The most frequent partnership problems appeared to be emotional violence and computer addiction, at much less rate – alcohol abuse. Though, the statistically significant correlations between the childhood family experience and the partnership problems as well as between the childhood family experience and nymber of childen in family were not found in the given sample. The problem of drug addiction had a statistically significant negative correlation with the number of children in family. Future research could focus on the ways in which positive and adverse childhood experiences interact to influence partnership quality and birth-rate.  

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