Tissue engineering in periodontology: Biological mediators for periodontal regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Carmagnola ◽  
Gaia Pellegrini ◽  
Claudia Dellavia ◽  
Lia Rimondini ◽  
Elena Varoni
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Teeth and the periodontal tissues represent a highly specialized functional system. When periodontal disease occurs, the periodontal complex, composed by alveolar bone, root cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva, can be lost. Periodontal regenerative medicine aims at recovering damaged periodontal tissues and their functions by different means, including the interaction of bioactive molecules, cells, and scaffolds. The application of growth factors, in particular, into periodontal defects has shown encouraging effects, driving the wound healing toward the full, multi-tissue periodontal regeneration, in a precise temporal and spatial order. The aim of the present comprehensive review is to update the state of the art concerning tissue engineering in periodontology, focusing on biological mediators and gene therapy.

scholarly journals Biomaterial-Based Approaches for Regeneration of Periodontal Ligament and Cementum Using 3D Platforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Root Surfaces ◽  
Periodontal Ligaments

Currently, various tissue engineering strategies have been developed for multiple tissue regeneration and integrative structure formations as well as single tissue formation in musculoskeletal complexes. In particular, the regeneration of periodontal tissues or tooth-supportive structures is still challenging to spatiotemporally compartmentalize PCL (poly-ε-caprolactone)-cementum constructs with micron-scaled interfaces, integrative tissue (or cementum) formations with optimal dimensions along the tooth-root surfaces, and specific orientations of engineered periodontal ligaments (PDLs). Here, we discuss current advanced approaches to spatiotemporally control PDL orientations with specific angulations and to regenerate cementum layers on the tooth-root surfaces with Sharpey’s fiber anchorages for state-of-the-art periodontal tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Periodontal Destruction and Regeneration in Experimental Models: Combined Research Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Olena J. Kordiyak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning

Chronic periodontitis is a common dental disease, resulting in destruction of gingival tissue, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone and, consequently- teeth loss in the adult population. Experimental animal models have enabled the study of periodontal disease pathogenesis and are used to test new therapeutic approaches for treating the disease The purpose of this review study was to draw the evidence from animal models, required for future assessment of destructional and regenerative processes in periodontal tissues. Material and methods: a rat experimental periodontitis models of ligature, streptozotocin, and immune complexes induced periodontitis, periodontal defect, altered functional loading, stress exposures and surgically created chronic acid reflux esophagitis models. Histomorphomorphological/-metrical, immunohisto (-cyto)chemical and histopathological analysis, micro-computed tomography, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, polarizing light and confocal microscopy, spectrophotometry, radiographic and biomechanical analysis, descriptive histology and computer-assisted image analysis. Results and discussion. Scaling and root planing may not always be effective in preventing periodontal disease progression, and, moreover, with currently available therapies, full regeneration of lost periodontal tissues after periodontitis cannot be achieved. However, in 70.5% of the results of experimental studies reported, irrespective of the defect type and animal model used, beneficial outcome for periodontal regeneration after periodontal ligament stem cell implantation, including new bone, new cementum and new connective tissue formation, was recorded. Therefore, platelet-rich fibrin combined with rat periodontal ligament stem cells provides a useful instrument for periodontal tissue engineering. Conclusion. There is sufficient evidence from preclinical animal studies suggesting that periodontal tissue engineering would provide a valuable tool for periodontal regeneration. Further elaboration of the developed in preclinical studies experimental techniques should justify progress to clinical studies and subsequent medical application

scholarly journals Tooth-Supporting Hard Tissue Regeneration Using Biopolymeric Material Fabrication Strategies

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4802
Author(s):  
Min Guk Kim ◽  
Chan Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Biomechanical Forces

The mineralized tissues (alveolar bone and cementum) are the major components of periodontal tissues and play a critical role to anchor periodontal ligament (PDL) to tooth-root surfaces. The integrated multiple tissues could generate biological or physiological responses to transmitted biomechanical forces by mastication or occlusion. However, due to periodontitis or traumatic injuries, affect destruction or progressive damage of periodontal hard tissues including PDL could be affected and consequently lead to tooth loss. Conventional tissue engineering approaches have been developed to regenerate or repair periodontium but, engineered periodontal tissue formation is still challenging because there are still limitations to control spatial compartmentalization for individual tissues and provide optimal 3D constructs for tooth-supporting tissue regeneration and maturation. Here, we present the recently developed strategies to induce osteogenesis and cementogenesis by the fabrication of 3D architectures or the chemical modifications of biopolymeric materials. These techniques in tooth-supporting hard tissue engineering are highly promising to promote the periodontal regeneration and advance the interfacial tissue formation for tissue integrations of PDL fibrous connective tissue bundles (alveolar bone-to-PDL or PDL-to-cementum) for functioning restorations of the periodontal complex.

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering, Morphogenesis, and Regeneration of the Periodontal Tissues By Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Ripamonti ◽  
A. Hari Reddi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Collagenous Matrix ◽  
Furcation Defects ◽  
Osteogenic Protein

Tissue engineering is the emerging field of science developing techniques for fabrication of new tissues for replacement based on principles of cell and developmental biology and biomaterials. Morphogenesis is the cascade of pattern formation and the attainment of form of the various organs and the organism as a whole. The periodontium consists of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Bone has considerable potential for regeneration and therefore is a prototypic model for tissue engineering. The three main ingredients for tissue engineering are regulatory signals, responding stem cells, and extracellular matrix. Recent advances in molecular biology of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have set the stage for tissue engineering of bone and related tissues, including the periodontium. Bone-derived BMPs, with a collagenous matrix as carrier, induced cementum and alveolar bone regeneration in surgically created furcation defects in the primate. It is noteworthy that there was morphogenesis of periodontal ligament and a faithful insertion of Sharpey's fibers into cementum. In the same furcation model, recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1, also known as BMP-7), in conjunction with the collagenous carrier, induced extensive cementogenesis with insertion of Sharpey's fibers into the newly formed cementum. The observation that BMPs induce cementogenesis and periodontal ligament formation indicates that these proteins may have multiple functions in vivo not limited to cartilage and bone induction. The rapid advances in the molecular biology of BMPs and their receptors bode well for novel strategies to engineer the regeneration of the periodontal tissues.

scholarly journals D-Mannose Enhanced Immunomodulation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via Inhibiting IL-6 Secretion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijia Guo ◽  
Yanan Hou ◽  
Liang Song ◽  
Siying Zhu ◽  
Feiran Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell

Periodontal ligament stem cell- (PDLSC-) mediated periodontal tissue regeneration has recently been proposed for the new therapeutic method to regenerate lost alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. It was reported that both autogenic and allogeneic PDLSCs could reconstruct damaged periodontal tissues but the regeneration effects were not consistent. The effective methods to improve the properties of PDLSCs should be further considered. In this study, we investigated if D-mannose could affect the immunomodulatory properties of hPDLSCs. After being pretreated with D-mannose, hPDLSCs could inhibit T cell proliferation and affect T cell differentiation into Treg cells. We found that less IL-6 could be detected in D-mannose-pretreated hPDLSCs. In the D-mannose pretreatment group, induced Treg cell number would decrease if increased IL-6 levels could be detected. Our data uncovered a previously unrecognized function of D-mannose to regulate the immunomodulatory function of PDLSCs and that IL-6 might play a key role in this process. The results provided a property method to improve PDLSC-based periodontal regeneration.

Regenereation in periodontics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtaza Kaderi ◽  
Mohsin Ali ◽  
Alfiya Ali ◽  
Tasneem Kaderi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Guided Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Extensive Documentation

The goals of periodontal therapy are to arrest of periodontal disease progression and to attain the regeneration of the periodontal apparatus. Osseous grafting and Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) are the two techniques with the most extensive documentation of periodontal regeneration. However, these techniques offer limited potential towards regenerating the periodontal tissues. Recent surgical procedures and application of newer materials aim at greater and more predictable regeneration with the concept of tissue engineering for enhanced periodontal regeneration and functional attachment have been developed, analyzed, and employed in clinical practice

scholarly journals Periodontal Bone-Ligament-Cementum Regeneration via Scaffolds and Stem Cells

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Liu ◽  
Jianping Ruan ◽  
Michael D. Weir ◽  
Ke Ren ◽  
Abraham Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Region ◽  
And Function ◽  
Bone Remains

Periodontitis is a prevalent infectious disease worldwide, causing the damage of periodontal support tissues, which can eventually lead to tooth loss. The goal of periodontal treatment is to control the infections and reconstruct the structure and function of periodontal tissues including cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL) fibers, and bone. The regeneration of these three types of tissues, including the re-formation of the oriented PDL fibers to be attached firmly to the new cementum and alveolar bone, remains a major challenge. This article represents the first systematic review on the cutting-edge researches on the regeneration of all three types of periodontal tissues and the simultaneous regeneration of the entire bone-PDL-cementum complex, via stem cells, bio-printing, gene therapy, and layered bio-mimetic technologies. This article primarily includes bone regeneration; PDL regeneration; cementum regeneration; endogenous cell-homing and host-mobilized stem cells; 3D bio-printing and generation of the oriented PDL fibers; gene therapy-based approaches for periodontal regeneration; regenerating the bone-PDL-cementum complex via layered materials and cells. These novel developments in stem cell technology and bioactive and bio-mimetic scaffolds are highly promising to substantially enhance the periodontal regeneration including both hard and soft tissues, with applicability to other therapies in the oral and maxillofacial region.

Physiological features of periodontal regeneration and approaches for periodontal tissue engineering utilizing periodontal ligament cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Braga Benatti ◽  
Karina Gonzales Silvério ◽  
Márcio Zaffalon Casati ◽  
Enílson Antônio Sallum ◽  
Francisco Humberto Nociti
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Periodontal Tissue

scholarly journals Mechanosensitive Piezo1 in Periodontal Ligament Cells Promotes Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Jiang ◽  
Yuzhe Guan ◽  
Yuanchen Lan ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Tiancheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Pdl Cells

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a process depending on the remodeling of periodontal tissues surrounding the roots. Orthodontic forces trigger the conversion of mechanical stimuli into intercellular chemical signals within periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, activating alveolar bone remodeling, and thereby, initiating OTM. Recently, the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 has been found to play pivotal roles in the different types of human cells by transforming external physical stimuli into intercellular chemical signals. However, the function of Piezo1 during the mechanotransduction process of PDL cells has rarely been reported. Herein, we established a rat OTM model to study the potential role of Piezo1 during the mechanotransduction process of PDL cells and investigate its effects on the tension side of alveolar bone remodeling. A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: the OTM + inhibitor (INH) group, the OTM group, and the control (CON) group. Nickel-titanium orthodontic springs were applied to trigger tooth movement. Mice were sacrificed on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 after orthodontic movement for the radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological analyses. Our results revealed that the Piezo1 channel was activated by orthodontic force and mainly expressed in the PDL cells during the whole tooth movement period. The activation of the Piezo1 channel was essential for maintaining the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and facilitation of new alveolar bone formation on the tension side. Reduced osteogenesis-associated transcription factors such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osterix (OSX), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio were examined when the function of Piezo1 was inhibited. In summary, Piezo1 plays a critical role in mediating both the osteogenesis and osteoclastic activities on the tension side during OTM.

Periodontal Tissue Engineering with a Multiphasic Construct and Cell Sheets

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vaquette ◽  
S. Saifzadeh ◽  
A. Farag ◽  
D.W. Hutmacher ◽  
S. Ivanovski
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Tissue Integration

This study reports on scaffold-based periodontal tissue engineering in a large preclinical animal model. A biphasic scaffold consisting of bone and periodontal ligament compartments manufactured by melt and solution electrospinning, respectively, was used for the delivery of in vitro matured cell sheets from 3 sources: gingival cells (GCs), bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Bm-MSCs), and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). The construct featured a 3-dimensional fibrous bone compartment with macroscopic pore size, while the periodontal compartment consisted of a flexible porous membrane for cell sheet delivery. The regenerative performance of the constructs was radiographically and histologically assessed in surgically created periodontal defects in sheep following 5 and 10 wk of healing. Histologic observation demonstrated that the constructs maintained their shape and volume throughout the entirety of the in vivo study and were well integrated with the surrounding tissue. There was also excellent tissue integration between the bone and periodontal ligament compartments as well as the tooth root interface, enabling the attachment of periodontal ligament fibers into newly formed cementum and bone. Bone coverage along the root surface increased between weeks 5 and 10 in the Bm-MSC and PDLC groups. At week 10, the micro–computed tomography results showed that the PDLC group had greater bone fill as compared with the empty scaffold, while the GC group had less bone than the 3 other groups (control, Bm-MSC, and PDLC). Periodontal regeneration, as measured by histologically verified new bone and cementum formation with obliquely inserted periodontal ligament fibers, increased between 5 and 10 wk for the empty, Bm-MSC, and PDLC groups, while the GC group was inferior to the Bm-MSC and PDLC groups at 10 wk. This study demonstrates that periodontal regeneration can be achieved via the utilization of a multiphasic construct, with Bm-MSCs and PDLCs obtaining superior results as compared with GC-derived cell sheets.

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