Cognitive Appraisal of Child Abuse Among Israeli Inmates: Does Sex Make a Difference?

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gila Chen ◽  
Keren Gueta
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Female Inmates ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Male Inmates

Sex differences in child abuse and neglect (CAN) have long interested researchers due to their adverse impact. Cognitive appraisal of CAN may also affect the negative consequences. The purpose of this study was to assess sex differences in (a) the experience and (b) the cognitive appraisal of CAN among 247 Israeli inmates. The findings indicated that female inmates experienced higher rates of total CAN than male inmates. No significant sex differences were found in physical abuse, emotional neglect, or cognitive appraisal of CAN. However, there were significant sex differences in ranking the significance of different dimensions of cognitive appraisal of CAN. Paternal partner violence was a predictor of CAN and its cognitive appraisal for both sexes; maternal partner violence was a predictor of both among female inmates only. Even when male and female inmates share similar family risk factors, their effects may differ by sex. Possible clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the longitudinal relations among family risk factors and childhood externalizing symptoms.

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Blatt-Eisengart ◽  
Deborah A. G. Drabick ◽  
Kathryn C. Monahan ◽  
Laurence Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk

scholarly journals Investigating the prevalence of child abuse in the families with addicted parents in Iran: With emphasis on family risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1098-1103
Author(s):  
Vahid Farnia ◽  
Faeze Tatari ◽  
Mehdi Moradinazar ◽  
Safora Salemi ◽  
Toraj Ahmadi Juibari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk

Family-Based Programs for Preventing Delinquency and Later Offending

2018 ◽  
pp. 652-672
Author(s):  
Brandon C. Welsh ◽  
Steven N. Zane
Keyword(s):  
Parent Education ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Parent Management ◽  
Research And Policy

This chapter reviews the leading family-based programs for preventing delinquency and later offending, focusing on the highest quality research studies as well as the most rigorous reviews of research that include only high-quality studies. It argues that by focusing on families we can go a long way toward improving the effectiveness of programs and policies to prevent delinquency and later criminal offending. As such, this chapter provides some background on family risk factors and family-based prevention programs. It then examines the research evidence on the leading family-based programs for preventing delinquency and later offending: parent education, parent management training, and family programs for system-involved youth. Finally, this chapter discusses some implications for research and policy.

scholarly journals The Impact of NORTH STAR on Suicidality, Substance Problems, Intimate Partner Violence, and Child Abuse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M Smith Slep ◽  
Richard E Heyman ◽  
Michael F Lorber ◽  
David J Linkh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction We evaluated the effectiveness of New Orientation for Reducing Threats to Health from Secretive-problems That Affect Readiness (NORTH STAR), a community assessment, planning, and action framework to reduce the prevalence of suicidality, substance problems, intimate partner violence, and child abuse. Materials and Methods One-third of U.S. Air Force bases worldwide were randomly assigned to NORTH STAR (n = 12) or an assessment-and-feedback-only condition (n = 12). Two Air Force-wide, cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based surveys were conducted of randomly selected samples assessing risk/protective factors and outcomes. This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board at the investigators’ university and by the institutional review board at Fort Detrick. Results NORTH STAR, relative to control, bases experienced a 33% absolute risk reduction in hazardous drinking rates and cumulative risk, although, given the small number of bases, these effects were not statistically significant. Conclusions Given its relatively low cost, use of empirically supported light-touch interventions, and emphasis on sustainability with existing resources, NORTH STAR may be a useful system for prevention of a range of adult behavioral health problems that are difficult to impact.

Using a Person-Centered Approach to Identify Patterns of Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Child Abuse in Women: Associations With Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755952110316
Author(s):  
Bre’Anna L. Free ◽  
Alexandra J. Lipinski ◽  
Rivian K. Lewin ◽  
Rimsha Majeed ◽  
Rebecca J. Zakarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Class Differences

Patterns of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse (CA) were explored in 467 women seeking psychological assistance following IPV. Using latent class analysis, three classes were obtained: women who had experienced physical, sexual, and psychological IPV, along with childhood physical and sexual abuse (IPV + CA; 38.5%); women who had experienced physical, sexual, and psychological IPV only (IPV/no CA; 52.9%); and women who had experienced psychological IPV only (Psych IPV only; 8.6%). Associations of class membership with severity of specific mental health conditions were examined, along with the number of diagnosed conditions. Significant between-class differences were noted on severity of IPV-related posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorders, alcohol and substance use disorders, and social phobia. Classes also differed significantly on the number of mental health conditions. Understanding patterns of betrayal-based trauma (e.g., IPV and CA) can inform care within agencies that serve IPV survivors by highlighting individuals at-risk for mental health conditions.

scholarly journals Maternal and paternal trajectories of depressive symptoms predict family risk and children's emotional and behavioral problems after the birth of a sibling

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 1307-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda L. Volling ◽  
Tianyi Yu ◽  
Richard Gonzalez ◽  
Elizabeth Tengelitsch ◽  
Matthew M. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Paternal Depression ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Infant Sibling ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractThe current study examined trajectories of maternal and paternal depression in the year following the birth of an infant sibling, and relations with family risk factors and firstborn children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Latent class growth analysis was conducted on 231 families in a longitudinal investigation (prebirth and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postbirth) and revealed four classes of families: both mother and father low in depressive symptoms (40.7%); mother high–father low (25.1%); father high–mother low (24.7%), and both mother and father high (9.5%). Families with both mothers and fathers high on depressive symptoms were higher on marital negativity, parenting stress, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems, and lower on marital positivity and parental efficacy than other classes. Children, parents, and marital relationships were more problematic in families with fathers higher on depressive symptoms than in families in which mothers were higher, indicating the significant role of paternal support for firstborn children undergoing the transition to siblinghood. Maternal and paternal depression covaried with an accumulation of family risks over time, no doubt increasing the likelihood of children's problematic adjustment after the birth of their infant sibling.

Family Risk Factors of Alcoholism and Drinking Patterns among Non Alcoholic Women: An Inverse Relationship?

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Vaglum ◽  
Per Vaglum ◽  
Øivind Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Drinking Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Family Variables

95 non alcoholic female employees were personally interviewed and divided into three drinking pattern groups with an increasing level of alcohol consumption: the traditional feminine drinking group (TF) ( n=28), the new feminine drinking group (NF) ( n=37), and the masculine drinking group (M) ( n=30). The groups were compared on family variables which may be regarded as risk factors of alcoholism. The results show an inverse relationship between family risk factors and consumption level, the TF-group having significantly more risk factors than the other two groups. The TF-women more often came from families where the mother and her parents were abstainers, while the father and his parents were more often alcohol abusers or not abstainers. The TF-women were more often attached to their alcoholic fathers as children, while the M-women were more often attached to their mothers. The choice of drinking pattern may be inversely related to the frequency of family risk factors among non alcoholic women.

scholarly journals School staff perpetration of physical violence against students in Uganda: a multilevel analysis of risk factors

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e015567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine G Merrill ◽  
Louise Knight ◽  
Judith R Glynn ◽  
Elizabeth Allen ◽  
Dipak Naker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Physical Discipline ◽  
Violence Perpetration

ObjectiveTo conduct a multilevel analysis of risk factors for physical violence perpetration by school staff against Ugandan students.DesignMultilevel logistic regression analysis of cross-sectional survey data from 499 staff and 828 caregivers of students at 38 primary schools, collected in 2012 and 2014 during the Good Schools Study.SettingLuwero District, Uganda.Main outcome measurePast-week use of physical violence by school staff against students was measured using the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect 'Child Abuse Screening Tool- Child International' and the WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women.ResultsOf 499 staff, 215 (43%) reported perpetration of physical violence against students in the past week. Individual risk factors associated with physical violence perpetration included being a teacher versus another type of staff member (p<0.001), approving of physical discipline practices (p<0.001), having children (p<0.01), being age 30–39 years (p<0.05), using physical violence against non-students (p<0.05) and being a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV) (p<0.05). We observed weak evidence (p=0.06) that male staff members who had been a victim of IPV showed higher odds of violence perpetration compared with male staff who had not been a victim of IPV. No evidence was observed for school- or community-level risk factors.ConclusionsPhysical violence perpetration from school staff is widespread, and interventions are needed to address this issue. Staff who have been victims of violence and who use violence against people other than students may benefit from additional interventions. Researchers should further investigate how school and community contexts influence staff’s physical violence usage, given a lack of associations observed in this study.

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