scholarly journals Development of the correction procedure for High Volume Instrument elongation measurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 4095-4103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolby M McCormick ◽  
João Paulo Saraiva Morais ◽  
Eric Hequet ◽  
Brendan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Independent Set ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
Fiber Elongation ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Short Time

Cotton spinning mills need high-quality fibers to maintain their manufacturing efficiency. Machinery throughput is increasing and it could translate into more processes with higher breaking stress. Consequently, more fibers are susceptible to breaking or damage. To face this problem, breeders must develop new varieties whose fibers can better withstand this mechanical stress. The main tool utilized in cotton breeding programs is the High Volume Instrument (HVI), which reports in a short time measurements such as micronaire, length, color, and strength. This instrument can also determine fiber elongation, but there is no current correction method for it. Both elongation and strength factor into the work-to-break of fibers, which plays a direct role in fiber breakage and spinning performance. The objective of this work was to develop cotton elongation standards, devise a correction procedure for HVI lines, evaluate measurement stability, and validate these results with a set of independent samples. Two commercial bales, one with low and one with high HVI elongation, were identified as potential elongation standards. The potential standards were produced and evaluated. After validation, they were used to correct HVI lines against Stelometer (STrength-ELOngation-METER) measurements. An independent set of samples was tested on corrected HVIs to confirm the effectiveness of the elongation corrected measurements. The HVI data were at least as good as the Stelometer data, with increased data acquisition speed and precision. This research can help cotton breeders to improve fiber elongation and strength at the same time, resulting in better fibers for yarn spinning.

The African Press in Kenya, 1945–1952

1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fay Gadsden
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
African Union ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
The Press ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Short Time

This paper discusses the African press in Kenya in the years between 1945 and 1952. The growth of an extensive vernacular press was caused by the political frustrations suffered by Kenya's Africans and the political, social and ethnic divisions which separated them. The press can be divided into three major categories: moderate nationalist, regional vernacular and populist newspapers. The moderate nationalist newspapers were edited by members of the educated elite who campaigned for constitutional change and social reforms. The regional vernacular papers were concerned more with local than national issues. The populist press was edited by semi-educated men active in politics at the grassroots level who came to reject the moderate leadership. All these papers publicized the activities of the Kenya African Union and demanded an improvement in the political and social position of Africans in Kenya. But they also expressed the ethnic, political and social hostilities which divided their editors. The decline of moderate leadership was reflected in the closure of their newspapers. The radicals who seized power in K.A.U. in 1951 were supported by the populist press and began new newspapers in 1951 and 1952.Some of the African newspapers achieved quite large circulations, were distributed by agents throughout the towns of Kenya and attracted some advertising revenue. But they all suffered from lack of money and found it difficult to find and pay a printer, and they suffered also from the lack of experience of their editors. Many newspapers lasted only a short time. But throughout these years there were always a number of newspapers published. These were widely read and were politically influential. The populist press played a direct role in stimulating militant resistance. Government attempts to curb the African press and to replace it with government newspapers were not successful. Only in 1952 when a State of Emergency had been imposed and the government had assumed powers to refuse printing licences and to suppress newspapers could the African press be silenced.

Projection Method With Minimal Correction Procedure for Numerical Simulation of Constrained Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Heaney ◽  
Gene Hou
Keyword(s):  
Projection Method ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
Constrained Systems ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equation ◽  
Index Reduction ◽  
Algebraic Constraints

This paper describes a numerical technique for simulating the dynamics of constrained systems, which are described generally by differential-algebraic equations. The Projection Method for index reduction of a differential-algebraic equation and a minimal correction procedure are described. This procedure ensures algebraic constraints are satisfied during the numerical integration of the reduced index system of differential equations. Two examples illustrate how the method can be utilized to solve constrained multibody and rotational dynamics problems. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed index-reduction and minimal correction method are then evaluated.

scholarly journals A Review on Haploid and Double Haploids in Ornamental Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Meena ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Haploid Species ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Ornamental Species

Sporophyte plants with many gametophytic chromosomes are called haploid plants. These plants can be produced naturally or through in vitro or in vivo induction techniques. Double haploid (DH) can be obtained by doubling the number of haploid chromosomes spontaneously or artificially. They are homozygous, and this homozygosity will be realized in the life cycle of a generation using the DH production system. This production system is used to correct heterosis. Easy to interact with the DH population. DH can be used as parental inbreds of new varieties or self-pollinated plants or cross-pollinated plants. Haploids can be used to isolate mutants, especially if the mutant allele is not diploid. If the haploid is transformed immediately after the chromosome is copied, the plant can be obtained step by step. By combining biotechnological means with conventional methods, the important goal of improving cultivated plants can be achieved in a short time. This article analyzes the various developments in the field of haploid species related to economically important ornamental species.

High Volume Scan FA for Yield Enhancement at the 90nm Node

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Ross ◽  
Gil Garteiz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Driving yield improvement activities to decrease baseline logic / scan yield fallout is often perceived as a challenging or complex activity. Much of this perception is based on yield or device teams historical interactions with the FA teams on these types of requests. This paper will present our methodology for generating a relatively high volume of scan FA results in a short time frame. This type of high volume scan FA enables real time FA paretos of what is causing scan / logic yield loss.

scholarly journals Innovations as a tool of adaptation of agricultural enterprises to climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Burliai ◽  
◽  
Igor Smertenyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Production Technologies

Introduction. The article considers the role of innovation as a tool for adaptation of agricultural enterprises to climate change. The study found that climate change has become an integral attribute of modernity, which has a significant impact on economic development. Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the consequences of climate change for the activities of agricultural enterprises, to develop directions for the adaptation of agricultural holdings to climate change and the role of innovation in this process. Results. In Ukraine, the climate tends to increase air temperature, and the consequence of warming is an increase in the number of dangerous weather events. Climate change is the result not only of natural processes but also of human activity. Climate change has special consequences for the agricultural sector, the feature of which is a significant dependence on natural and climate change. Among them we can note the extension of the growing season for 10-15 days, the acceleration of spring field work for about 3 weeks, the extension of the grazing season, increasing the yield of thermophilic crops and more. However, there are also negative consequences – a shortage of water, the emergence of new thermophilic species of pests and weeds, reducing the area under crops in cool and humid climates, and others. The main directions of adaptation of agricultural enterprises to climate change are highlighted. Conclusions. The main tool for agricultural enterprises to adapt to climate change should be the introduction of innovations: the use of nanotechnology and biotechnology, digitalization of production and improvement of management processes, introduction of new varieties of crops and animal breeds, improvement of technical support, diversification of energy sources and production technologies.

Controls of Quasi-linear Convective System Tornado Intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey R. Marion ◽  
Robert J. Trapp
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cold Pool ◽  
Convective System ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Initiation Mechanism ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Short Time

AbstractAlthough tornadoes produced by quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs) generally are weak and short-lived, they have high societal impact due to their proclivity to develop over short time scales, within the cool season, and during nighttime hours. Precisely why they are weak and short lived is not well understood, although recent work suggests that QLCS updraft width may act as a limitation to tornado intensity. Herein, idealized simulations of tornadic QLCSs are performed with variations in hodograph shape and length as well as initiation mechanism to determine the controls of tornado intensity. Generally, the addition of hodograph curvature in these experiments results in stronger, longer-lived tornadic like vortices (TLVs). A strong correlation between low-level mesocyclone width and TLV intensity is identified (R2 = 0.61), with a weaker correlation in the low-level updraft intensity (R2 = 0.41). The tilt and depth of the updraft are found to have little correlation to tornado intensity. Comparing QLCS and isolated supercell updrafts within these simulations, the QLCS updrafts are less persistent, with the standard deviations of low-level vertical velocity and updraft helicity to be approximately 48% and 117% greater, respectively. A forcing decomposition reveals that the QLCS cold pool plays a direct role in the development of the low-level updraft, providing the benefit of additional forcing for ascent while also having potentially deleterious effects on both the low-level updraft and near-surface rotation. The negative impact of the cold pool ultimately serves to limit the persistence of rotating updraft cores within the QLCS.

Water and Sediment Supply Requirements for Post-Wildfire Debris Flows in the Western United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Paul M. Santi ◽  
Blaire Macaulay
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Sufficient Intensity ◽  
Water Intensity ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACT This work explores two hypotheses related to runoff-related post-wildfire debris flows: 1) their initiation is limited by rainstorm intensity rather than cumulative rainfall depths and 2) they are not sediment supply limited. The first hypothesis suggests that it is common to generate more than enough rainfall to account for the volume of water in the debris flow, but to actually produce a debris flow, the water must be delivered with sufficient intensity. This is demonstrated by data from 44 debris flows from eight burned areas in California, Colorado, and Utah. Assuming a debris flow comprises 30 percent water and 70 percent solids, these events were generated during rainstorms that produced an average of 17 times as much water as necessary to develop a debris flow. Even accounting for infiltration, the rainstorms still generated an overabundance of water. Intensity dependence is also shown by numerous cases in which the exact timing of debris flows can be pinpointed and is contemporaneous with high-intensity bursts of rainfall. The hypothesis is also supported by rainfall intensity-duration thresholds where high-volume storms without high-intensity bursts do not generate debris flows. The second hypothesis of sediment-supply independence for the initiation of debris flows is supported by a significant increase in flow volume occurring directly after wildfire, compared to flows in unburned terrain. Also, repeated flows within short time intervals are only possible with an abundance of channel sediment, dry ravel, and bank failure material that can be mobilized. Field observations confirm these sediment sources, even directly after a debris-flow.

scholarly journals Calibration of HVI cotton elongation measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. DELHOM ◽  
Eric F. HEQUET ◽  
Brendan KELLY ◽  
Noureddine ABIDI ◽  
Vikki B. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Single Point ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Fiber Elongation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Calibration Samples ◽  
Calibration Materials

Abstract Background The strength of cotton fiber has been extensively studied and significant improvements in fiber strength have been made, but fiber elongation has largely been ignored, despite it contributing to the energy needed to break fibers, which affects fiber handling and processing. High Volume Instruments (HVI) measure fiber elongation but have not been calibrated for this property, making the measurement unavailable for comparative work among instruments. In prior work, a set of elongation calibration materials had been developed based on Stelometer results. A round trial of ten Australian and U.S. instruments was conducted on six cotton samples representing a range of 4.9% to 8.1% elongation. Results By scaling the HVI elongation values of each instrument to the values of the two calibration samples, the coefficient of variation in instrument measurements was reduced from an average of 34% for the uncalibrated measurements to 5% for the calibrated measurements. The reduction in variance allows for the direct comparison of results among instruments. A single-point elongation calibration was also assessed but found to be less effective than the proposed two-point calibration. Conclusion The use of an effective calibration routine on HVI measurement of cotton significantly reduces the coefficient of variation of the elongation measurement within and between instruments. The implementation of the elongation calibration will allow testing and breeding programs to implement high-speed elongation testing which makes the use of elongation values possible in breeding programs.

scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMPUTER VISION – A MATCH MADE IN HEAVEN?

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weng Kin Lai ◽  
Tomas Maul ◽  
Iman Yi Liao ◽  
Kam Meng Goh
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
John Mccarthy ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
High Level ◽  
Short Time

After becoming independent in 1957, Malaysia continued as an agricultural country but quickly grew into a manufacturing nation in a relatively short time. Literally from nowhere, the manufacturing sector now commands more than 38% of the nation’s GDP overtaking the agriculture sector which commands just slightly above 7%. In addition to the multinational manufacturers who are mainly in the electrical and electronics sectors, there are also other smaller producers who produce for the rest of the world. Nevertheless in order to compete, they cannot just rely on manual labour whether local or foreign, to produce high volume and high quality goods at a competitive price. With intense competition, even the old way of making many products to satisfy the global appetite for good products from both the brick-and-mortar shops to your huge online shops is no longer adequate. Manual operations in the manufacturing process can come in various forms, ranging from the very simple but monotonous and repetitive to the highly complex or sophisticated. In the quality department many of the local manufacturers have chosen to use human labour to ensure their quality is maintained. For many of these highly repetitive but relatively simple tasks, the human operators need to be properly trained for an appropriate length of time before they can perform effectively. Other than the intelligence of these operators, their ability to detect deviations from the desired patterns are also utilised. And this is where artificial intelligence and computer vision can help. The term artificial intelligence was first coined at the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence by John McCarthy in 1956. While there are many definitions, Ray Kurzweil, an American inventor and futurist defines it as machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by humans[1]. On the other hand, computer vision deals with how computers can gain high-level understanding from digital images or videos. From the perspective of engineering, it seeks to understand and automate tasks that the human visual system can do. This paper shows how artificial intelligence combined with computer vision can be used to improve productivity and effectiveness in three different areas.

scholarly journals A miRNA signature associated with human metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libero Santarpia ◽  
George A Calin ◽  
Liana Adam ◽  
Lei Ye ◽  
Alfredo Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Rna Degradation ◽  
Metastatic Tumour ◽  
Mirna Signature ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Tgfβ Signalling ◽  
Tumour Growth Factor

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small, non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by targeting mRNA and triggering either translational repression or RNA degradation. The objective of our study was to evaluate the involvement of miRNAs in human medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and to identify the markers of metastatic cells and aggressive tumour behaviour. Using matched primary and metastatic tumour samples, we identified a subset of miRNAs aberrantly regulated in metastatic MTC. Deregulated miRNAs were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and validated by in situ hybridisation on a large independent set of primary and metastatic MTC samples. Our results uncovered ten miRNAs that were significantly expressed and deregulated in metastatic tumours: miR-10a, miR-200b/-200c, miR-7 and miR-29c were down-regulated and miR-130a, miR-138, miR-193a-3p, miR-373 and miR-498 were up-regulated. Bioinformatic approaches revealed potential miRNA targets and signals involved in metastatic MTC pathways. Migration, proliferation and invasion assays were performed in cell lines treated with miR-200 antagomirs to ascertain a direct role for this miRNA in MTC tumourigenesis. We show that the members of miR-200 family regulate the expression of E-cadherin by directly targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2 mRNA and through the enhanced expression of tumour growth factor β (TGFβ)-2 and TGFβ-1. Overall, the treated cells shifted to a mesenchymal phenotype, thereby acquiring an aggressive phenotype with increased motility and invasion. Our data identify a robust miRNA signature associated with metastatic MTC and distinct biological processes, e.g., TGFβ signalling pathway, providing new potential insights into the mechanisms of MTC metastasis.

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