Pressure drop, penetration and quality factor of filter paper containing nanofibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Tang ◽  
Jian Hu ◽  
Yun Liang ◽  
David YH Pui
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Fibrous Structure ◽  
Fibrous Filter Media ◽  
Fine Fiber ◽  
Coarse Fibers ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Fiber Filter

Nanofiber has shown outstanding performance in many studies. Blending nanofibers into fibrous filter media is a promising way to improve the filtration performance. This paper discussed the modeling method for multi-fiber filter paper and the proper way to apply nanofiber into filter paper. Sixteen different filter papers were prepared and these filter papers covered the range of coarse-fiber-dominant and fine-fiber-dominant fibrous structure. The theoretical modeling method in this study for pressure drop and penetration of multi-fiber filter paper showed accurate results compared with the experiment data. It was found that for the higher quality factor, the nanofibers should be effectively separated by the coarse fibers. This study presented the idea of the fiber's effective contribution to filtration efficiency, which can lead to a comprehensive and distinct understanding of fibrous structure and filtration properties.

scholarly journals Preparation of Fibrillated Cellulose Nanofiber from Lyocell Fiber and Its Application in Air Filtration

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Long ◽  
Min Tang ◽  
Yun Liang ◽  
Jian Hu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Lyocell Fiber ◽  
Filter Papers

Ambient particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) can substantially degrade the performance of cars by clogging the air intake filters. The application of nanofibers in air filter paper can achieve dramatic improvement of filtration efficiency with low resistance to air flow. Cellulose nanofibers have gained increasing attention because of their biodegradability and renewability. In this work, the cellulose nanofiber was prepared by Lyocell fiber nanofibrillation via a PFI-type refiner, and the influence of applying a cellulose nanofiber on filter paper was investigated. It was found that the cellulose nanofibers obtained under 1.00 N/mm and 40,000 revolutions were mainly macrofibrils of Lyocell fiber with average fiber diameter of 0.8 µm. For the filter papers with a different nanofiber fraction, both the pressure drop and fractional efficiency increased with the higher fraction of nanofibers. The results of the figure of merit demonstrated that for particles larger than 0.05 µm, the figure of merit increased substantially with a 5% nanofiber, but decreased when the nanofiber fraction reached 10% and higher. It was concluded that the optimal fraction of the cellulose nanofiber against PM2.5 was 5%. The results of the figure of merit were related to the inhomogeneous distribution of nanofibers in the fibrous structure. The discrepancy of the theoretical and measured pressure drop showed that a higher nanofiber fraction led to a higher degree of fiber inhomogeneity.

scholarly journals Well-Dispersed Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulose Filter Paper for Bacterial Removal

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Wen Chien ◽  
Ming-Yen Tsai ◽  
Chia-Jung Kuo ◽  
Ching-Lo Lin
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Cellulose Filter

In this study, a polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI)-assisted approach was developed to generate well-distributed PDA/PEI/silver (PDA/PEI/Ag) nanocomplexes on the surfaces of commercial cellulose filter papers to achieve substantial bacterial reduction under gravity-driven filtration. PDA can bind to cellulose paper and act as a reducer to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), while PEI can react with oxidative dopamine and act as a dispersant to avoid the aggregation of AgNPs. The successful immobilization of PDA/PEI/Ag nanocomplexes was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were used as pathogen models to test the efficacy of the PDA/PEI/Ag nanocomplex-incorporated filter papers. The PDA/PEI/Ag nanocomplex-incorporated filter papers provided a substantial bacterial removal of up to 99% by simple gravity filtration. This work may be useful to develop a feasible industrial production process for the integration of biocidal AgNPs into cellulose filter paper and is recommended as a local-condition water-treatment technology to treat microbial-contaminated drinking water.

Hydrophobic and Oleophilic Filter Paper for Oil/Water Separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 385-390
Author(s):  
Sunisa Jindasuwan ◽  
Sitthisuntorn Supothina
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Filter Papers

The separation of oil from water is significance for environmental de-pollution application. To obtain selectivity of liquid, filter papers were coated to bear highly hydrophobic and oleophilic functionality that can allow only oils to pass through them. The coating solutions were prepared by mixing poly(methylhydro siloxane, PMHS) and fumed silica at various proportions. To determine an optimum coating condition, properties of the treated filter papers were investigated by measuring water contact angle and surface free energy, examining surface morphology and testing for selective removal of diesel oil from water. The optimum coating solution was at the PMHS:fumed silica weight ratio of 1.25:1.00. The treated filter paper exhibited high hydrophobicity with water contact angle of 142.80 ± 0.36 degrees and surface free energy of 0.78 mJ/m2. In addition, it exhibited high selective removal of diesel oil from water with oil absorption capacity of 2.3 g/g.

scholarly journals Colorimetric Measurement of Glycosylated Protein in Whole Blood, Red Blood Cells, Plasma and Dried Blood

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Eross ◽  
D Kreutzmann ◽  
M Jimenez ◽  
R Keen ◽  
S Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Colorimetric Measurement ◽  
Filter Papers

A colorimetric method for the measurement of whole-blood glycosylation (WBG), glycosylated haemoglobin in red blood cells (GHb), glycosylated plasma protein (GPP) and dried-blood glycosylation (DBG) is described which is rapid, inexpensive and precise. GHb correlated well with HbA1 measured by cation-exchange chromatography and was also correlated with WBG, DBG and GPP. DBG, which showed good correlation with GHb, could be measured on several drops of blood dried on filter paper treated with glucose oxidase. Filter papers are posted to the laboratory prior to clinic visits, and by having the DBG result available more rational diabetic management is possible. For DBG, the intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation at three levels is less than 6%. Reference values in non-diabetic children have been calculated and are compared with values obtained in ‘good’ clinical diabetic control and in ‘fair’ control. The filter-paper assay DBG method has a high degree of patient acceptance.

Sweating rate and the electrolyte content of skin secretions of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cross-bred cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Sweating Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Electrolyte Content ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

SUMMARYSweating rate and the electrolyte content of secretions from the skin of cattle have been measured on five Bos taurus and five B. indicus cross-bred cows by absorbing secretions into filter papers under polythene disks applied to shaved skin areas on the shoulder, sacral and lumbar regions for 5 min. The increase in weight of the filter paper was taken as a measure of sweating rate and the distilled water eluate from the filter paper was analysed for sodium and potassium. Animals were exposed for 4 h to air temperatures of 20–45 °C at 30% r.h., and for 5–7 h to air temperatures of 40 and 45 °C at 40% r.h. Estimated sweating rates were low by comparison with previously reported values, probably due to rising levels of humidity under the polythene disks during exposure to the skin. B. indicus cross-bred cows had higher sweating rates than B. taurus cows at high air temperatures but the difference between the groups was not significant statistically. Sweating rates were generally highest on the shoulder and lowest on the lumbar region.The amounts of sodium and potassium recovered from filter papers were small and very variable at low air temperatures but increased significantly with air temperature (P < 0·01). No significant differences in the amounts of electrolyte recovered from filter papers were recorded between the species groups or between different sites of collection. The secretions from cattle skin at high ambient temperatures contained at least four to five times as much potassium as sodium. Total sodium and potassium loss through the skin of these experimental animals at the highest ambient temperatures was estimated to be no more than 1–3 % of the sodium and potassium intake in the feed. Absorbing sweat on to filter paper as a method of measuring sweating rate and sweat composition is rather less satisfactory for use with cattle than with man.

Flexible hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowire-based paper for highly efficient and multifunctional air filtration

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (33) ◽  
pp. 17482-17491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Chao Xiong ◽  
Ri-Long Yang ◽  
Ying-Jie Zhu ◽  
Fei-Fei Chen ◽  
Li-Ying Dong
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire-based air filter paper with a low pressure drop and high removal efficiencies for PM2.5 and PM10 has been developed.

scholarly journals Plasmodium falciparum Allelic Diversity: A Comparison of DNA Extraction from Isolates Collected on Rapid Diagnostic Tests (Rdts) and Filter Paper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Patricia Mawili-Mboumba ◽  
Marie Louise Tshibola Mbuyi ◽  
Noe Patrick M’bondoukwe ◽  
Marielle Karine Bouyou-Akotet
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Filter Papers

Background: To perform molecular epidemiologic studies based on large cohorts, material such as RDTs or filter papers are useful for biological sample collection and extraction of RNA or DNA of good quality. Thus, we aimed to assess the quality of DNA extracted from malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) stored at various temperatures for the analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity. Methods: Febrile patients benefitted from free malaria diagnosis using microscopy in a malaria sentinel site, at the Regional Hospital Estuaire-Melen, in Gabon, in 2015. P. falciparum isolates were collected onto one filter paper and 2 similar RDTs devices (Acon®) per patient. Nucleic acids were extracted with QiAmp Qiagen kit from paper and RDTs and the quality of the DNA was analyzed by msp1 gene amplification. Results: Msp1gene amplification was achieved in nucleic acids extracted from all filter papers and RDTs devices (n = 45, 100%). K1 alleles were detected in 93.3% (n = 42/45) of the samples and Mad20 alleles in 73.3% (n = 33/45). The number and the intensity of K1 and/or Mad20 fragments were comparable according to the sample collection material and the storage conditions (room temperature vs -20°C) of the samples. The size of the fragments indicating allelic diversity was comparable in 80% (n=36) of the samples. Conclusion: These data show that RDTs are a valuable source of DNA for malaria parasite genetic polymorphism analysis. Storage conditions of the devices did not influence the quality of DNA extracted from RDTs device, although some alleles may be missed.

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