The Press and Suicides in the 19th Century: Investigating Possible Imitative Effects in Five Territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-435
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Causal Order ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Press ◽  
The 19Th Century

During the 19th century, suicide rates increased in many countries. The press may have contributed to this increase, even though empirical evidence is lacking in this regard. We assessed suicide statistics within five territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire between 1871 and 1910 and combined these data with a content analysis of suicide reporting in five newspapers, each appearing in one of the five territories. The analysis revealed a covariation between the quantity of reporting and the number of suicides within all five regions. Furthermore, the quantity of reporting significantly predicted the following year’s suicides. Although the causal order of suicides and the quantity of reporting should be assessed with caution, evidence is consistent with the idea that the press may have contributed to the establishment of suicide as a mass phenomenon. The findings also support contemporary guidelines for journalists, especially the notion of avoiding undue repetition of suicide stories.

Reporting on Suicide Between 1819 and 1944

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Causal Order ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Werther Effect ◽  
The Press ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Reporting Method

Abstract. Background: Suicide rates increased substantially in many countries during the 19th century. Little is known about news coverage on suicide in this period and its relationship to suicide rates. Aims: To test whether there was a covariation between the quantity of reporting and suicide rates and whether the press relied on sensational reporting. Method: A content analysis of Austrian news coverage between 1819 and 1944 was conducted and compared with contemporary findings. Results: There were similar corresponding troughs and peaks in both time series, indicative of covariation. The analysis revealed that variations in the quantity of reporting predicted the following year's suicide rates, a pattern consistent with a long-term Werther effect. Conversely, suicide rates did not predict future values of the quantity of reporting. Furthermore, the press substantially overrepresented "vivid" firearm suicides compared with other more "pallid" methods such as drowning, indicative of sensational reporting. Limitations: The causal order of the quantity of reporting and suicide rates should be interpreted with caution. Conclusion: The press may have contributed to the establishment of suicide as a mass phenomenon in the 19th century. The contemporary comparison is indicative of temporal stability.

The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Popular Fiction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Press ◽  
Character Study ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Plot Design

The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction charts the rise of the short story from its original appearance in magazines and newspapers. For much of the 19th century, tales were written for the press, and the form’s history is marked by engagement with popular fiction. The short story then earned a reputation for its skilful use of plot design and character study distinct from the novel. This VSI considers the continuity and variation in key structures and techniques such as the beginning, the creation of voice, the ironic turn or plot twist, and how writers manage endings. Throughout, it draws on examples from an international and flourishing corpus of work.

scholarly journals Orthography of books and their authors at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jurgita Venckienė
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
The Press ◽  
Prayer Books ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Research Period

During development of the Standard Lithuanian language at the end of the 19th century, the dialectal basis was chosen first, and the orthography varied yet for another twenty years. This article analyses the dual orthography – of books and personal orthography of their authors. The study is designed to find out whether the books published during that period reflect the orthographic model chosen by their authors; what factors, in addition to the author’s choice, may have influenced the orthography of the books.The influence of printers on the orthography of books during that period was smaller than before, as many authors did the proofreading themselves. Thus, printers were able to change the orthography in cases where books were printed without the author’s knowledge or consent, such as prayer books. If the author chose unusual, rare, or even self-invented characters, a limited inventory of prints could be a serious obstacle to keep their orthography in the book. As the case of Jonas Basanavičius shows, even when the author offered to finance the acquisition of the necessary prints, this was not necessarily done.At the end of the 19th century, books were published as supplements to periodicals. The editors of newspapers Ūkininkas and Tėvynės sargas adapted the orthography of such books to their periodicals. Under the terms of the press ban, it was often important for authors just to print a book, and the spelling model was chosen by the publisher. However, authors such as Basanavičius, who considered themselves the creators of the standard language, took care to present their chosen or created model of orthography in their books as well.As the cases of Liudvika Didžiulienė, Dominykas Tumėnas and Basanavičius show, two orthographic standards emerged during the research period: correspondence was written one way and books were printed another. Hence, it is not always possible to judge the orthographic model chosen by the authors in books published at the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century. 

scholarly journals Akademickie periodyki narodowe. Z dziejów prasy Narodowej Demokracji (do 1939 roku

2021 ◽  
pp. 262-279
Author(s):  
Aneta Dawidowicz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Democratic Movement ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The community periodicals had accompanied the creation process of the press system in the Polish territory since the end of the 19th century. The community dimension of the press relates to both its spatial scope and the concreteness of the publishing profile. The National Democracy press was a collection of periodicals characterised by their typological diversity, in which the world presented equalled reality of the readers. From its beginnings, the National Democracy treated press in a purely utilitarian manner, as a form of dissemination of political thought and the tool which supported the achievement of political goals. The press took a multifaceted part in the development of national democratic movement.

Violence: Occurrence and reporting

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Krupinskif ◽  
Roma Emmerson
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Grievous Bodily Harm ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
The 19Th Century

A study has been carried out to determine whether there has been a real increase in violent crime in Victoria or whether the public has been affected by the greater prominence given to violence in the mass media. The rates of violent crime, based on “persons taken into custody or proceeded against” were highest in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century. They, then, showed a steady decline until the mid thirties of the 20th century. Since the fifties, there has been an increase, but, with the exception of assault causing grievous bodily harm, they are still much lower than they were 100 years ago. The content analysis of the four main dailies ( The Age, The Argus, the Herald and the Sun) has shown an increasing coverage of violent crime both in the number, and in the size of articles devoted to it. The authors discuss the reasons for and possible effects of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Emergence, Institutionalization and Professionalization of Romanian Journalism in the 19th Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Iulian Bitoleanu
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
The Press ◽  
The 19Th Century

The study investigates the roots of journalism in Romania. First is ascertained the inextricable connection of the Romanian journalism with the European journalism. Then is revealed the delayed imposing of the press in the Romanian principalities in the early part of the 19th century. Moreover, it highlights the rapid evolution of the Romanian press and its axiological synchronization with European and world press towards 1880, through national poet Mihai Eminescu and the newspaper "Timpul" (“The Time”).

scholarly journals Działania dyplomatyczne podczas pierwszej wojny Bałkańskiej w publikacjach bulwarowego dziennika „Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny”. Część I

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Jarosław Rubacha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The Press ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Source Of Information

The effect of rapid socio-economic development in Europe in the 19th century was, among others the creation of newspapers targeted at specific groups of recipients, including the boulevard press, addressed to the less affluent part of society. One of them was the “Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny” founded in 1910 in Kraków. Although these types of magazines were not highly valued on the press market, their volume, and especially their big edition, incline to a closer look at the content presented in them. Even a cursory reading of individual issues of the newspaper leads to the conclusion that “Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny” is an interesting source of information about the then reality. This is particularly evident during the Balkan wars, when materials on diplomatic activities were published very often and occupied a leading place before scandals, rumors and criminal reports.

scholarly journals A imprensa oitocentista na construção dos ensaios literários de Álvares de Azevedo / The Nineteenth Century Press in the Construction of Álvares de Azevedo’s Literary Essays

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Natália Gonçalves de Souza Santos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
The Press ◽  
The 19Th Century

Resumo: Este artigo discute os ensaios literários de Álvares de Azevedo à luz do periodismo cultural oitocentista. Num primeiro momento, pretende-se evidenciar o quanto esses textos são tributários do que se publicava na imprensa, que pode ter sugerido ao autor obras e temáticas a serem debatidas. Num segundo momento, investiga-se o diálogo teórico que o ensaísta travou com os estudos de literaturas estrangeiras, ancestrais da literatura comparada. Argumenta-se que o contato com esse saber pode ter corroborado ou impulsionado a visada cosmopolita defendida por Azevedo, fazendo com que ele se afastasse do veio central da crítica literária brasileira do período.Palavras-chave: romantismo brasileiro; crítica literária; literatura comparada.Abstract: This article discusses Álvares de Azevedo’s literary essays under the perspective of the 19th century cultural journalism. Firstly, it is aimed at evincing how much his essays are related to what was published in the press, which might have suggested to the author the works and themes to be debated. Secondly, it investigated the theoretical dialogue that the essayist had with the foreign literature studies, ancestral to comparative literature. It argues that the contact with that knowledge may have corroborated or prompted the cosmopolitan view defended by Azevedo, making him to step further from the central stream of the Brazilian literary criticism.Keywords: Brazilian romanticism; literary criticism; comparative literature.

scholarly journals براہوئی افسانہ مسافر؛ نا فنی او تنقیدی جاچ اس

Al-Burz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Muneer Ahmed Hanfi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Contemporary Fiction ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Literary Magazine ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century, Haibat Khan crafted "Musaafir" the premier fiction, a historical short story in the Brahui language and it was published in the year 1957, in the monthly literary magazine Nawaiy-e-Watan. The author employed content analysis, a branch of descriptive research to critically review fiction writing techniques, in comparison with the modern day fictions.  The investigation revealed that the ‘Musaafir’ is a masterpiece of literary work in Brahui language, which focuses the portrayal of nature, characterizations, narration skills, theme and plot development, dialog formation, thought process, description of events and climax based fictitious short story. This study represents the culture of the society in Balochistan, and also reflects the writers’ insight of fiction drafting skills in line with contemporary fiction writing techniques

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