Preparation of fluorescent calcium carbonate and visualization of its dispersion states in polypropylene

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-921
Author(s):  
Xiangmeng Lv ◽  
Ming Kang ◽  
Kexu Chen ◽  
Lu Yuan ◽  
Simin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Rare Earth Complex ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Microscope Imaging

The dispersion states of fillers in the polymer matrix is an important factor to determine the properties of the polymer composites. Mastering the dispersion structure of inorganic minerals such as calcium carbonate in the polymer matrix is of great significance for the design of high performant polymer composites. Currently, due to the limitations of conventional electron microscope imaging capabilities, it is difficult to understand the internal dispersion structure of fillers in polymer composites comprehensively, regionally and stereoscopically. Here, we successfully embed the rare earth complex into the silica of the calcium carbonate surface to realize the fluorescent labeling of the calcium carbonate fillers. The fluorescent calcium carbonate exhibited broad excitation band ranging from 220 nm to 440 nm and showed bright red under ultraviolet light (365 nm). The two-dimensional dispersion states of the fillers at different depths in the polymer composite were obtained by the fluorescent imaging ability of laser scanning confocal microscope; these two-dimensional confocal images were further three-dimensionally reconstructed through Avizo Fire VSG software, and the spatial distribution of fillers in polymer composite was obtained without damage. This characterization method provides a new noninvasive method for studying the dispersion structure of fillers in polymers.

Research of Hardness of Polymer Composite Materials Based on Silicone and Aluminium Hydroxide with Various Mechanical-Chemical Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
N.Y. Efremov ◽  
O.A. Oreshina ◽  
V.D. Mushenko
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Aluminium Hydroxide ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Polymer Composite Materials ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Fluid State ◽  
Powder Filler

Polymer composites are one of the types of modern functional materials. This class includes many different in structure and field of application materials, including dispersed-filled polymer composites [1]. Such materials are made by mixing a polymer matrix in a fluid state with a powder filler and then curing. The properties of the resulting materials are influenced by a variety of factors, including the nature of the preliminary (prior to addition to the mixture with the polymer) mechanical-chemical processing of the filler.

scholarly journals Utilization of Polymer Concrete Composites for a Circular Economy: A Comparative Review for Assessment of Recycling and Waste Utilization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
Hatem Alhazmi ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Anwar ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Kaleem Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Comparative Review

Polymer composites have been identified as the most innovative and selective materials known in the 21st century. Presently, polymer concrete composites (PCC) made from industrial or agricultural waste are becoming more popular as the demand for high-strength concrete for various applications is increasing. Polymer concrete composites not only provide high strength properties but also provide specific characteristics, such as high durability, decreased drying shrinkage, reduced permeability, and chemical or heat resistance. This paper provides a detailed review of the utilization of polymer composites in the construction industry based on the circular economy model. This paper provides an updated and detailed report on the effects of polymer composites in concrete as supplementary cementitious materials and a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on their utilization and the production of polymer composites. A detailed review of a variety of polymers, their qualities, performance, and classification, and various polymer composite production methods is given to select the best polymer composite materials for specific applications. PCCs have become a promising alternative for the reuse of waste materials due to their exceptional performance. Based on the findings of the studies evaluated, it can be concluded that more research is needed to provide a foundation for a regulatory structure for the acceptance of polymer composites.

scholarly journals Soil microbiomes mediate degradation of vinyl ester-based polymer composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Breister ◽  
Muhammad A. Imam ◽  
Zhichao Zhou ◽  
Md Ariful Ahsan ◽  
Juan C. Noveron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Acrylate Esters ◽  
Bacterial Groups

AbstractPolymer composites are attractive for structural applications in the built environment due to their lightweight and high strength properties but suffer from degradation due to environmental factors. While abiotic factors like temperature, moisture, and ultraviolet light are well studied, little is known about the impacts of naturally occurring microbial communities on their structural integrity. Here we apply complementary time-series multi-omics of biofilms growing on polymer composites and materials characterization to elucidate the processes driving their degradation. We measured a reduction in mechanical properties due to biologically driven molecular chain breakage of esters and reconstructed 121 microbial genomes to describe microbial diversity and pathways associated with polymer composite degradation. The polymer composite microbiome is dominated by four bacterial groups including the Candidate Phyla Radiation that possess pathways for breakdown of acrylate, esters, and bisphenol, abundant in composites. We provide a foundation for understanding interactions of next-generation structural materials with their natural environment that can predict their durability and drive future designs.

Tribological Study of Polymer Composite Forming Using Model Experiments and Real Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Smerdova ◽  
Michael P.F. Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Viscous Liquid ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbon Fabric ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Composite Forming

This experimental study is focused on identification of tribological mechanisms acting during forming of polymer composites. The range of relevant processes includes fibre placement, tape lay-up, moulding, draping, and RTM. Two types of tribological experiments, relying both on simultaneous application of compression and shear loadings, are carried out. Firstly, model macromechanical tests are undertaken on plastic rods of millimetric diameter immersed in a viscous liquid, representing composite fibres and matrix, respectively. By careful simulation of forming conditions, this experiment helps to identify the friction phenomena occurring in real composites. On the other hand, the micromechanics of forming processes is studied through a microscopic experiment on real carbon fabric. This material is clamped between two glass plates and pulled in opposing directions in the plane of the fabric. It is hypothesized that the evolution of contact area due to shearing that can be measured in this experiment is an essential feature of the tribology of forming processes, a topic which hitherto has not been investigated.

Two-Dimensional Transient Heat Transfer Model for High-Temperature Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasith Liyanage ◽  
Suk-Chun Moon ◽  
Ajith S. Jayasekare ◽  
Abheek Basu ◽  
Madeleine Du Toit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract High-temperature laser-scanning confocal microscopy (HT-LSCM) has proven to be an excellent experimental technique through in-situ observations of high temperature phase transformation to study kinetics and morphology using thin disk steel specimens. A 1.0 kW halogen lamp, within the elliptical cavity of the HT-LSCM furnace radiates heat and imposes a non-linear temperature profile across the radius of the steel sample. This local temperature profile when exposed at the solid/liquid interface determines the kinetics of solidification and phase transformation morphology. A two-dimensional numerical heat transfer model for both isothermal and transient conditions is developed for a concentrically solidifying sample. The model can accommodate solid/liquid interface velocity as an input parameter under concentric solidification with cooling rates up to 100 K/min. The model is validated against a commercial finite element analysis software package, Strand7, and optimized with experimental data obtained under near-to equilibrium conditions. The validated model can then be used to define the temperature landscape under transient heat transfer conditions.

scholarly journals Wooden Polymer Composites of Poly(vinyl chloride), Olive Pits Flour, and Precipitated Bio-Calcium Carbonate

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah F. Abdellah Ali ◽  
Ibrahim O. Althobaiti ◽  
E. El-Rafey ◽  
Ehab S. Gad
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

scholarly journals Plasmon resonance and the imaging of metal-impregnated neurons with the laser scanning confocal microscope

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J Thompson ◽  
Cynthia M Harley ◽  
Grant M Barthel ◽  
Mark A Sanders ◽  
Karen A Mesce
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Confocal Microscope ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope

The staining of neurons with silver began in the 1800s, but until now the great resolving power of the laser scanning confocal microscope has not been utilized to capture the in-focus and three-dimensional cytoarchitecture of metal-impregnated cells. Here, we demonstrate how spectral confocal microscopy, typically reserved for fluorescent imaging, can be used to visualize metal-labeled tissues. This imaging does not involve the reflectance of metal particles, but rather the excitation of silver (or gold) nanoparticles and their putative surface plasmon resonance. To induce such resonance, silver or gold particles were excited with visible-wavelength laser lines (561 or 640 nm), and the maximal emission signal was collected at a shorter wavelength (i.e., higher energy state). Because the surface plasmon resonances of noble metal nanoparticles offer a superior optical signal and do not photobleach, our novel protocol holds enormous promise of a rebirth and further development of silver- and gold-based cell labeling protocols.

scholarly journals Selected properties of flat-pressed wood-polymer composites for high humidity conditions

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5141-5155
Author(s):  
Piotr Borysiuk ◽  
Jacek Wikowski ◽  
Krzysztof Krajewski ◽  
Radosław Auriga ◽  
Adrian Skomorucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Wood Polymer Composites ◽  
Wood Polymer Composite

This study investigated the possibility of applying flat-pressed wood-polymer composites in conditions of high humidity. The experiment involved three variants of wood-polymer composite panels 16 mm thick, and 680 kg per m3 density. The wood particles were bonded with polyethylene. The share of polyethylene in the core layer was fixed at 50%, while in the face layers the content was varied (40%, 50%, or 60%). The following parameters were examined: modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), screw holding (SH), thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), susceptibility to drilling and milling, wettability and surface free energy, and resistance to mold. The results were compared to particleboard glued with urea-formaldehyde resin. The wood-polymer composite had lower MOR and MOE values and similar IB and SH values. The panels indicated a remarkably higher water resistance (lower TS and WA values) with good surface wettability and high resistance to mold fungi. Additionally, the composites were easier to machine, e.g. drilling or milling, in comparison to standard particleboards.

Post-Fatigue Creep and Stress Relaxation Response of a Hybrid Polymer Composite

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghu V. Prakash ◽  
Monalisha Maharana
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Relaxation Response ◽  
Hybrid Polymer ◽  
Fatigue Cycling ◽  
Creep And Stress Relaxation ◽  
Hybrid Polymer Composite

Polymer composites have a characteristic, composition specific visco-elastic property which influences the damage progression during fatigue cycling. While some researchers have studied the time dependent constitutive response of polymer composites during the first cycle of fatigue loading, very few have experimentally investigated the dependence of visco-elastic response of built-up polymer composite materials at various stages of fatigue cycling [1]. Our earlier studies on fatigue response of polymer composites focused primarily on the stiffness degradation as a function of applied cycles of loading, which represents the gross response of the material [2]. While doing such an experiment, complimentary experimental techniques to measure the temperature evolution was attempted through the use of infrared thermal imaging technique, which gave some insight into the change in temperature response as a function of fatigue cycling. However, there was no systematic measurement of creep and stress relaxation response of the composite material as a function of induced fatigue damage. The present paper describes the results of creep and stress-relaxation obtained during uni-axial fatigue loading of a hybrid polymer composite material. For this purpose, a woven carbon fiber mat was chosen as the synthetic fiber and Flax fiber in the unidirectional form was chosen as the natural fiber that is laid between the two layers of woven carbon fiber mat. Epoxy LY 556 and hardener Araldite® was used for building up of composite laminate by hand-lay-up technique. Dog-bone shaped tensile specimens with a gage width of 13 mm and gage length of 57 mm were extracted from the 250 × 250 mm sq. plate laminate of 2.1 mm thickness using a numerical controlled milling machine. The specimens were tested at 35% of their median tensile strengths under fatigue at a positive stress ratio (Pmin/Pmax) of 0.1 in tension-tension loading. Prior to start of fatigue loading, the specimens were held in load control and the strain in the gage length was measured for understanding the creep response over 2500 seconds. For stress-relaxation characterization, the specimens were held in extensometer control over a period of 2500 sec. The creep and stress relaxation tests were carried out after periodic intervals of fatigue cycling. It was observed that in the case of un-impacted specimens, the creep rate is consistent with the stiffness variation, which in turn, is dependent on the number of fatigue cycles - till it showed signs of de-lamination. Thereafter it was governed by the woven synthetic fiber response. Similarly, the stress relaxation response was found to decrease with increasing fatigue cycles. In case of impacted specimens, the local deformation had a prominent role in terms of creep and stress relaxation response.

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