Risk-Taking on Tests Sensitive to Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction Predicts Early Relapse in Alcohol Dependency: A Pilot Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta Bowden-Jones ◽  
Mike McPhillips ◽  
Robert Rogers ◽  
Sam Hutton ◽  
Eileen Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Dependency ◽  
Early Relapse

scholarly journals Decreasing Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Sequential Risk-Taking: An fMRI Investigation of the Balloon Analog Risk Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Schonberg ◽  
Craig R. Fox ◽  
Jeanette A. Mumford ◽  
Eliza Congdon ◽  
Christopher Trepel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

scholarly journals Repeated noninvasive stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex reveals cumulative amplification of pleasant compared to unpleasant scene processing: a single subject pilot study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Winker ◽  
Maimu A. Rehbein ◽  
Dean Sabatinelli ◽  
Markus Junghofer
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Emotional Bias

AbstractThe ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a major hub of the reward system and has been shown to activate specifically in response to pleasant / rewarding stimuli. Previous studies demonstrate enhanced pleasant cue reactivity after single applications of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the vmPFC. Here we present a pilot case study in which we assess the cumulative impact of multiple consecutive vmPFC-tDCS sessions on the processing of visual emotional stimuli in an event-related MEG recording design. The results point to stable modulation of increased positivity biases (pleasant > unpleasant stimulus signal strength) after excitatory vmPFC stimulation and a reversed pattern (pleasant < unpleasant) after inhibitory stimulation across five consecutive tDCS sessions. Moreover, cumulative effects of these emotional bias modulations were observable for several source-localized spatio-temporal clusters, suggesting an increase in modulatory efficiency by repeated tDCS sessions. This pilot study provides evidence for improvements in the effectiveness and utility of a novel tDCS paradigm in the context of emotional processing.

scholarly journals What Difference Does it Make? Risk-Taking Behavior in Obesity after a Loss is Associated with Decreased Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Steward ◽  
Asier Juaneda-Seguí ◽  
Gemma Mestre-Bach ◽  
Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín ◽  
Nuria Vilarrasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Risky Choices ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Altered activity in decision-making neural circuitry may underlie the maladaptive food choices found in obesity. Here, we aimed to identify the brain regions purportedly underpinning risk-taking behavior in individuals with obesity. Twenty-three adult women with obesity and twenty-three healthy weight controls completed the Risky Gains Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This task allows participants to choose between a safe option for a small, guaranteed monetary reward and risky options with larger rewards. fMRI analyses comparing losing trials to winning trials found that participants with obesity presented decreased activity in the left anterior insula in comparison to controls (p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected). Moreover, left insula activation during losses vs. wins was negatively correlated with UPPS-P questionnaire sensation seeking scores. During safe vs. risky trials following a loss, the control group exhibited increased activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (p < 0.05, AlphaSim corrected) in comparison to the OB group. Moreover, vmPFC response in the obesity group during post-loss trials was negatively correlated with risky choices on the task overall. As a whole, our findings support that diminished tuning of the insula towards interoceptive signals may lead to a lack of input to the vmPFC when weighing the costs and benefits of risky choices.

P.481 Increased risk-taking behaviour following a loss by women with obesity is associated with ventromedial prefrontal cortex and insula alterations

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S338
Author(s):  
T. Steward ◽  
A. Juaneda-Segui ◽  
G. Mestre-Bach ◽  
I. Martínez-Zalacaín ◽  
N. Vilarrasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Increased Risk

Age differences in ventromedial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity during socioemotional content processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Daley ◽  
Holly J. Bowen ◽  
Eric C. Fields ◽  
Angela Gutchess ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kensinger
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Content Processing

Self-relevance effects are often confounded by the presence of emotional content, rendering it difficult to determine how brain networks functionally connected to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are affected by the independent contributions of self-relevance and emotion. This difficulty is complicated by age-related changes in functional connectivity between the vmPFC and other default mode network regions, and regions typically associated with externally oriented networks. We asked groups of younger and older adults to imagine placing emotional and neutral objects in their home or a stranger's home. An age-invariant vmPFC cluster showed increased activation for self-relevant and emotional content processing. Functional connectivity analyses revealed age × self-relevance interactions in vmPFC connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex. There were also age × emotion interactions in vmPFC functional connectivity with the anterior insula, orbitofrontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. Interactions occurred in regions with the greatest differences between the age groups, as revealed by conjunction analyses. Implications of the findings are discussed.

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