Human Genetic Research: Emerging Trends in Ethics

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartha Maria Knoppers ◽  
Ruth Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Human Genetic Research

Human genetic research: emerging trends in ethics

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartha Maria Knoppers ◽  
Ruth Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Human Genetic Research

Buddhism and Human Genetic Research

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Somparn Promta
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Human Cloning ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Theravada Buddhism ◽  
Buddhist Ethics ◽  
Human Genetic Research

What the author is trying to do in this chapter is to explore how Buddhism, especially Theravada Buddhism as adopted in Thailand, responds to the advancements of human genetic research in the modern world. Buddhism has a certain number of doctrinal beliefs normally differing from those in the theistic tradition, making Buddhism respond to genetic research in a certain way. The way Buddhism responds to genetic research could be characterized as a kind of humanistic view. This kind of view is mainly based on human wisdom and rational investigation of the problem. Belief as normally understood in terms of religion plays a lesser role in Buddhist ethics. The following will show the positions of Buddhism on the problems raised by genetic research. As the concept of personhood plays the key role in the debates over human genetic research, the author will start with this point. As human genetic research raises so many issues that it is impossible to explore all of them, the chapter will then focus on some of these issues, namely human cloning and the use of embryonic stem cells in medical practice.

scholarly journals Human genetic research, race, ethnicity and the labeling of populations: recommendations based on an interdisciplinary workshop in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Takezawa ◽  
Kazuto Kato ◽  
Hiroki Oota ◽  
Timothy Caulfield ◽  
Akihiro Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Human Genetic Research

scholarly journals Progress and Prospects in Human Genetic Research into Age-Related Hearing Impairment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasue Uchida ◽  
Saiko Sugiura ◽  
Michihiko Sone ◽  
Hiromi Ueda ◽  
Tsutomu Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Sizable Proportion ◽  
Human Genetic Research

Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is a complex, multifactorial disorder that is attributable to confounding intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The degree of impairment shows substantial variation between individuals, as is also observed in the senescence of other functions. This individual variation would seem to refute the stereotypical view that hearing deterioration with age is inevitable and may indicate that there is ample scope for preventive intervention. Genetic predisposition could account for a sizable proportion of interindividual variation. Over the past decade or so, tremendous progress has been made through research into the genetics of various forms of hearing impairment, including ARHI and our knowledge of the complex mechanisms of auditory function has increased substantially. Here, we give an overview of recent investigations aimed at identifying the genetic risk factors involved in ARHI and of what we currently know about its pathophysiology. This review is divided into the following sections: (i) genes causing monogenic hearing impairment with phenotypic similarities to ARHI; (ii) genes involved in oxidative stress, biologic stress responses, and mitochondrial dysfunction; and (iii) candidate genes for senescence, other geriatric diseases, and neurodegeneration. Progress and prospects in genetic research are discussed.

The genetic analysis of growth and body composition in the mouse as a livestock model

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 239-239
Author(s):  
W. G. Hill ◽  
L. Bünger
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Farm Livestock ◽  
Human Genetic Research

The similarities between the mouse and farm livestock at the genetic and functional level make it a useful model for farm livestock breeding and indeed for human genetic research, taking the opportunities presented by its short generation interval, the development of inbred lines, and the ability to do gene knock-outs. Genetic similarities apply both at the molecular level, in gene structure and sequence, and at the quantitative level, for example genetic parameters of growth. We discuss here what can be learnt about the action and interaction of genes that influence traits of growth and body composition and contribute to genetic changes in them from work on the mouse, concentrating particularly on candidate genes and experiments conducted in our laboratory. As a resource we have developed highly divergent selection lines for growth, body composition and food intake, brought together lines of mice selected for growth from around the world, and inbred them both for stability and to facilitate their use for molecular genetic analysis. These lines differ greatly as a consequence of selection not only in growth and degree of fatness, but also in efficiency, as assessed by food intake corrected for body weight.

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