scholarly journals Advancements in Techniques for Calibration and Characterization of In Situ Optical Particle Measuring Probes, and Applications to the FSSP-100 Probe

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Nagel ◽  
Uwe Maixner ◽  
Walter Strapp ◽  
Mohammed Wasey
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Droplet Generator ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Distortion Matrix ◽  
Measured Particle

Abstract Advancements in techniques for the operational calibration and characterization of instrument performance of the Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. (PMS), forward scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP) and optical array probes (OAPs) are presented, which also can be used for most in situ particle-measuring optical probes on the market. These techniques include the determination of a distortion matrix to correct for instrumental broadening of the measured particle size distribution. A new version of a monodisperse droplet generator is introduced for absolute calibration in the size range between 10 and 100 μm. In addition, a high-speed technique was employed for the determination of airspeed influence on the sample volume and the sizing of particles. The calibration of a PMS FSSP with real water droplets may be significantly different from the usual calibration with glass beads. High-speed measurements simulate particles at speeds of up to about 250 m s−1. Particle undersizing and the decrease of the sample volume with increasing airspeed are described. The use of the modular tools, built for this work, is discussed for probe alignment, functionality checks, and general characterization and diagnostics both in laboratory and field environments.

Anin situatomic force microscope for normal-incidence nanofocus X-ray experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Vitorino ◽  
Y. Fuchs ◽  
T. Dane ◽  
M. S. Rodrigues ◽  
M. Rosenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Organic Thin Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Synchrotron Beamlines

A compact high-speed X-ray atomic force microscope has been developed forin situuse in normal-incidence X-ray experiments on synchrotron beamlines, allowing for simultaneous characterization of samples in direct space with nanometric lateral resolution while employing nanofocused X-ray beams. In the present work the instrument is used to observe radiation damage effects produced by an intense X-ray nanobeam on a semiconducting organic thin film. The formation of micrometric holes induced by the beam occurring on a timescale of seconds is characterized.

Modified ferron assay for speciation characterization of hydrolyzed Al(III): a precise k value based judgment

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Changqing ◽  
Wang Dongsheng ◽  
Wu Xiaohong ◽  
Qu Jiuhui ◽  
John Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Nonlinear Least Squares ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
K Value ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Parallel Reactions

The speciation of Al-OH complexes in terms of Ala, Alb and Alc could be achieved by traditional ferron assay and Alb is generally considered as Al13, however, the inherent correlation between them remains an enigma. This paper presents a modified ferron assay to get precise determination of Al13 using nonlinear least squares analysis, and to clarify the correlation between Alb and Al13. Two parallel reactions conforming to pseudo-first-order kinetics can simulate the complicate reactions between polynuclear complexes and ferron successfully. Four types of experimental kinetic constant (k value) of Al-OH complexes can be observed by this method when investigating three typical aluminium solutions. Comparing with the results of 27Al NMR, the species with moderate kinetics around 0.001 s−1 can be confirmed to resemble to Al13 polycation. The other types of kinetics are also well-regulated in partially neutralized aluminium solutions with various OH/Al ratios (b values) in the range 0 ∼ 2.5. It would provide potential means to trace the in-situ formation of Al13 in dilute solutions such as coagulation with Al-based coagulants

In situ structure and force characterization of 2D nano-colloids at the air/water interface

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (42) ◽  
pp. 8475-8482
Author(s):  
Giovanni Li-Destri ◽  
Roberta Ruffino ◽  
Nunzio Tuccitto ◽  
Giovanni Marletta
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Interaction Forces ◽  
Air Water Interface

We have developed a novel experimental method, which enables quantitative determination of interaction forces between interfacial nanoparticles as a function of the inter-particle distance at liquid interfaces.

In situ calibration and [H+] sensitivity of the fluorescent Na+indicator SBFI

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. C1623-C1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoullah Diarra ◽  
Claire Sheldon ◽  
John Church
Keyword(s):  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Apparent Dissociation Constant ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Standard Equation ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Apparent Decrease ◽  
Calibration Techniques

Despite the popularity of Na+-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) to measure intracellular free Na+ concentrations ([Na+]i), the in situ calibration techniques described to date do not favor the straightforward determination of all of the constants required by the standard equation (Grynkiewicz G, Poenie M, and Tsien RY. J Biol Chem 260: 3440–3450, 1985) to convert the ratiometric signal into [Na+]. We describe a simple method in which SBFI ratio values obtained during a “full” in situ calibration are fit by a three-parameter hyperbolic equation; the apparent dissociation constant ( K d) of SBFI for Na+ can then be resolved by means of a three-parameter hyperbolic decay equation. We also developed and tested a “one-point” technique for calibrating SBFI ratios in which the ratio value obtained in a neuron at the end of an experiment during exposure to gramicidin D and 10 mM Na+is used as a normalization factor for ratios obtained during the experiment; each normalized ratio is converted to [Na+]i using a modification of the standard equation and parameters obtained from a full calibration. Finally, we extended the characterization of the pH dependence of SBFI in situ. Although the K d of SBFI for Na+ was relatively insensitive to changes in pH in the range 6.8–7.8, acidification resulted in an apparent decrease, and alkalinization in an apparent increase, in [Na+]i values. The magnitudes of the apparent changes in [Na+]ivaried with absolute [Na+]i, and a method was developed for correcting [Na+]i values measured with SBFI for changes in intracellular pH.

Fluorescence standards: Classification, terminology, and recommendations on their selection, use, and production (IUPAC Technical Report)

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 2315-2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Resch-Genger ◽  
Paul C. DeRose
Keyword(s):  
Photo Luminescence ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Metrological Requirements ◽  
Area Of Application

Chromophore-based fluorescence standards for the characterization of photo-luminescence measuring systems and the determination of relevant fluorometric quantities are classified according to their scope and area of application. General and type-specific requirements for suitable standards are derived for each class of standards. Metrological requirements linked to the realization of comparable measurements are addressed and recommendations on selecting, using, and developing fluorescence standards are given.

scholarly journals In-situ characterization of laser-powder interaction and cooling rates through high-speed imaging of powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Scipioni Bertoli ◽  
Gabe Guss ◽  
Sheldon Wu ◽  
Manyalibo J. Matthews ◽  
Julie M. Schoenung
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
In Situ Characterization ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Powder Bed

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Snow Cleaning of Paper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Maskova ◽  
Jiri Smolik ◽  
Petra Vavrova ◽  
Jitka Neoralova ◽  
Magda Souckova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Dry Cleaning ◽  
Paper Surface

Abstract Cleaning of particles from smooth and rough paper surfaces was investigated using a high-speed CO2 snow jet. The measurements included characterization of the jet properties, determination of the cleaning efficiency, and evaluation of the possible adverse effects. The method was compared with the nitrogen jet cleaning and the dry cleaning by commercial materials. The results showed that the CO2 snow jet is able to effectively remove particles from the paper surface and did not cause any observable degradation. The CO2 snow jet cleaning compared with the mechanical dry cleaning showed similar effectiveness without any adverse effects on the paper surface. It was proved that the CO2 snow technique is a suitable method for cleaning of common types of paper materials.

Molecular beam homoepitaxial growth of MgO(001)

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2944-2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Chambers ◽  
T.T. Tran ◽  
T.A. Hileman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
Homoepitaxial Growth ◽  
Crystallographic Order ◽  
Step Flow Growth ◽  
First Time

We describe homoepitaxial growth and detailed in situ characterization of MgO(001). We have used, for the first time, high-speed Auger electron spectroscopy as a real-time probe of film composition during growth. Excellent short-range and long-range crystallographic order are achieved in films grown to a thickness of several hundred angstroms in the substrate temperature range of 450 °C to 750 °C. Moreover, the films become more laminar as the growth temperature increases, suggesting that MgO grows homoepitaxially by the step-flow growth mechanism at elevated temperature. The surfaces of films grown at 650°and 750 °C are smoother than those obtained by cleaving MgO(001).

In-Situ Characterization of High-Speed I/O Chip-Package Systems

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongshick Ahn ◽  
Sudeep Puligundla ◽  
Rizwan Bashirullah ◽  
Robert M. Fox ◽  
William R. Eisenstadt
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
In Situ Characterization
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