scholarly journals Changes in the Activity of the Madden–Julian Oscillation during 1958–2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 6353-6370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Jones ◽  
Leila M. V. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Intraseasonal Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Monte Carlo Experiments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Linear Trends

Abstract The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the most prominent mode of tropical intraseasonal variability. This study investigates the following questions. Is there statistical evidence of linear trends in MJO activity since the mid-1970s? Does the MJO exhibit changes in regimes of high and low activity? Are there significant seasonal differences in the activity of the MJO on time scales longer than interannual? Positive linear trends are observed in zonal wind anomalies at 200 (U200) and 850 (U850) hPa during summer and winter seasons. Positive trends are also observed in the number of summer MJO events. Resampling statistical tests indicate that positive trends in summer U200 and U850 anomalies are statistically different from random occurrences at a 5% significance level. A methodology based on the number of events is used to characterize low-frequency (LF) changes in MJO activity. Mean winter LF activity was characterized by nearly uniform variability from the early 1960s until the mid-1990s. In contrast, mean summer LF changes showed a regime of high activity from the mid-1960s until the late 1970s, a low regime from 1980 to 1988, and a regime of high activity from the early 1990s to early 2000. Fourier analysis of the mean summer LF index indicates that regimes of high MJO activity were separated by 18.5 yr. The substantial changes in summer MJO regimes do not appear to be related to increases in observational samplings due to satellite-derived winds assimilated in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis. Monte Carlo experiments indicate that the observed changes in regimes of MJO activity in summer are statistically different from random occurrences at the 10% significance level only.

scholarly journals Statistical Tests of Symbolic Dynamics

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Fernando López ◽  
Mariano Matilla-García ◽  
Jesús Mur ◽  
Manuel Ruiz Marín
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Symbolic Dynamics ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Monte Carlo Experiments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Theoretical Application ◽  
New Statistics ◽  
General Method

A novel general method for constructing nonparametric hypotheses tests based on the field of symbolic analysis is introduced in this paper. Several existing tests based on symbolic entropy that have been used for testing central hypotheses in several branches of science (particularly in economics and statistics) are particular cases of this general approach. This family of symbolic tests uses few assumptions, which increases the general applicability of any symbolic-based test. Additionally, as a theoretical application of this method, we construct and put forward four new statistics to test for the null hypothesis of spatiotemporal independence. There are very few tests in the specialized literature in this regard. The new tests were evaluated with the mean of several Monte Carlo experiments. The results highlight the outstanding performance of the proposed test.

scholarly journals Activity Profiles of Soccer Players During the 2010 World Cup

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Micael Santos Couceiro ◽  
Fernando Manuel Lourenço Martins ◽  
Monika Ognyanova Ivanova ◽  
Rui Mendes
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Medium Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Activity

Abstract The main objective of this study was to analyse the distance covered and the activity profile that players presented at the FIFA World Cup in 2010. Complementarily, the distance covered by each team within the same competition was analysed. For the purposes of this study 443 players were analysed, of which 35 were goalkeepers, 84 were external defenders, 77 were central defenders, 182 were midfielders, and 65 were forwards. Afterwards, a thorough analysis was performed on 16 teams that reached the group stage, 8 teams that achieved the round of 16, 4 teams that reached the quarter-finals, and 4 teams that qualified for the semi-finals and finals. A comparison of the mean distance covered per minute among the playing positions showed statistically significant differences (F(4,438) = 559.283; p < 0.001; 2 = 0.836; Power = 1.00). A comparison of the activity time among tactical positions also resulted in statistically significant differences, specifically, low activity (F(4,183.371) = 1476.844; p < 0.001; 2 = 0.742; Power = 1.00), medium activity (F(4,183.370) = 1408.106; p < 0.001; 2 = 0.731; Power = 1.00), and high activity (F(4,182.861) = 1152.508; p < 0.001; 2 = 0.703; Power = 1.00). Comparing the mean distance covered by teams, differences that are not statistically significant were observed (F(3,9.651) = 4.337; p < 0.035; 2 = 0.206; Power = 0.541). In conclusion, the tactical positions of the players and their specific tasks influence the activity profile and physical demands during a match.

scholarly journals Avaliação da Diminuição da Força de Ativação de Elásticos Correntes de Diferentes Cores: Estudo in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Larissa Gomes ◽  
Renata Almeida-Pedrin ◽  
Victor Ladewig ◽  
Victor Didier ◽  
Joel Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Elastomeric Chains ◽  
Calculated Analysis

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em comparar a degradação de força de cinco cores diferentes de elásticos corrente, a fim de buscar parâmetros clínicos para o uso desses elásticos nas terapias ortodônticas. Foram avaliados 10 segmentos com 6 elos de elásticos corrente de força média da marca Morelli, das cores preto, cinza, azul, rosa e transparente, provenientes de embalagens seladas e dentro do prazo de validade. Os elásticos foram distendidos até o dobro de seu comprimento e mantidos por dispositivos simples com duas pontas de metal, simulando o uso contínuo dos elásticos por parte dos pacientes. Esses dispositivos foram submersos em saliva artificial a 370C dentro de recipientes mantidos em estufa.  As forças dos segmentos de elásticos foram mensuradas com um dinamômetro ortodôntico de precisão ao início e nos intervalos de 1, 7,14, 21 e 30 dias após a imersão, e a média de força para cada grupo e tempo foi calculada. A Análise de variância (ANOVA) a dois critérios (tempo e grupos) e o teste de Tukey foram utilizados para a análise dos dados. Em todos os testes estatísticos foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Todas as cores de elásticos degradaram com o tempo, sendo a porcentagem média de degradação após 1 dia de 40,4%; 7 dias 48,2%; 14 dias 56,8%; 21 dias 65% e 81% após 30 dias. Entretanto, há diferença de degradação de força entre as cores dos elásticos. Os elásticos Transparente e Azul apresentaram menor degradação da força, sendo que após 30 dias o elástico Transparente se mostrou mais efetivo, seguido do Azul, Cinza, Preto e Rosa. Mesmo com a diferença na degradação de força entre as cores dos elásticos, esses dados não apresentam relevância clínica se utilizados por até 14 dias, após esse período seria melhor a utilização do elástico Transparente.   Palavras-chave: Ortodontia. Látex. Elasticidade   Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the force degradation of five different colors of elastomeric chains, in order to achieve clinical parameters for the use of these elastics in orthodontic therapies. The sample was composed by 10 segments with 6 links (medium force) for each color of elastomeric chain (Morelli); black, gray, blue, pink and transparent, from sealed packages and within the expiration date. The elastics were stretched twice their length and maintained by simple devices with two metal tips, simulating the continuous use of the elastics by the patients. These devices were submerged in artificial saliva at 370C to simulate the oral environment. The  elastic segments strengths were measured with a precision orthodontic dynamometer at the beginning and at intervals of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after immersion, and the mean strength for each group and time was calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with two criteria (time and groups) and the Tukey test were used for data analysis. In all statistical tests, a significance level of 5% was adopted. All the  elastics colors degraded over time, with the average  degradation percentage after 1 day being 40.4%; 7 days 48.2%; 14 days 56.8%; 21 days 65% and 81% after 30 days. However, there is a difference in force degradation among the  elastics colors. The Transparent and Blue elastics showed less force degradation, and after 30 days the Transparent elastic was more effective, followed by Blue, Gray, Black and Pink. Even with the difference in force degradation among the  elastics colors, these data are not clinically relevant they are used for up to 14 days, after that period it would be better to use the Transparent elastic.   Keywords: Orthodontics. Latex. Elasticity

Quantitative Determination of 1-131, Cs-137, and Ba-140 in Milk: Collaborative Studies

1982 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1043
Author(s):  
Frederick G D Shuman ◽  
David G Easterly ◽  
Edmond J Baratta
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Method Bias ◽  
Low Activity

Abstract The official method for Cs-137 in milk by gamma-ray spectroscopy was extended to include 1-131 and Ba- 140. A collaborative study was performed on this method applied to 1-131 concentration in cow's milk; the original collaborative study of the method including all 3 nuclides was reviewed. In the 1-131 study, 1 aliquot of a milk sample containing 82 pCi/L was sent to each of 60 laboratories for triplicate analyses. From 40 responses, the mean of the reported values was 81.6 pCi/L, indicating a method bias below the 5% statistical detectability limit. Within- and between-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) were 7 and 8%, respectively. In the 3-nuclide study, 2 samples were sent to 25 laboratories for triplicate analyses; one sample contained 633,305, and 515 pCi/L, respectively, of 1-131, Cs-137, and Ba-140 and the other contained 98,52, and 72 pCi/L. For the high-activity sample, within-laboratory CVs were 4-5% for the 3 nuclides and between-laboratory CVs were 4-7%. For the low-activity sample, the corresponding results were 6-9% and 8-16%. The method bias was statistically significant at 95% confidence only for Cs-137 in the high-activity sample; reported results were 3% below the known concentration. The extended method was adopted official first action.

scholarly journals The Role of Moisture–Convection Feedbacks in Simulating the Madden–Julian Oscillation

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2754-2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter M. Hannah ◽  
Eric D. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Intraseasonal Variability ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Moisture Sensitivity ◽  
Community Atmosphere Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gross Moist Stability ◽  
Static Energy

Abstract The sensitivity of a simulated Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was investigated in the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model 3.1 with the relaxed Arakawa–Schubert convection scheme by analyzing the model’s response to varying the strength of two moisture sensitivity parameters. A higher value of either the minimum entrainment rate or rain evaporation fraction results in increased intraseasonal variability, a more coherent MJO, and enhanced moisture–convection feedbacks in the model. Changes to the mean state are inconsistent between the two methods. Increasing the minimum entrainment leads to a cooler and drier troposphere, whereas increasing the rain evaporation fraction causes warming and moistening. These results suggest that no straightforward correspondence exists between the MJO and the mean humidity, contrary to previous studies. Analysis of the mean column-integrated and normalized moist static energy (MSE) budget reveals a substantial reduction of gross moist stability (GMS) for increased minimum entrainment, while no significant changes are found for an increased evaporation fraction. However, when considering fluctuations of the normalized MSE budget terms during MJO events, both methods result in negative GMS prior to the deep convective phase of the MJO. Intraseasonal fluctuations of GMS, rather than the mean, appear to be a better diagnostic quantity for testing a model’s ability to produce an MJO.

scholarly journals ALLELIC VARIANTS AT THE XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE LOCUS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
High Activity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Intermediate Activity ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Low Activity

ABSTRACT Quantitative studies of enzyme activity on gels show about four-fold differences in enzyme activity of different xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) alleles. At least three different activity classes could be distinguished among the 23 strains isogenic for the XDH locus. No association of high activity with the high frequency electromorph was observed; instead, the low frequency electromorphs had 0.5 to 2 times the activity of the high frequency electromorph. The frequency of low activity, high activity and intermediate activity XDH alleles among these 23 lines is 0.13, 0.09, and 0.78, respectively.

Separation of Heparin into Subtractions by DEAE-Cellulose Chromatography

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1452-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H Yue ◽  
Toby Starr ◽  
Menard M Gertler
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Uronic Acid Content ◽  
Successful Separation ◽  
Salt Gradient ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Low Activity

SummaryCommercial porcine heparin can be separated into three distinct subtractions by using DEAE-cellulose chromatography and a stepped salt gradient. Gram quantities of heparin can be fractionated by this technique. All three heparin subtractions can accelerate the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III with different efficiency. The specific activities of the high activity heparin, intermediate activity heparin and low activity heparin are 228 units/mg, 142 units/mg and 95 units/mg, respectively. Both the uronic acid content and the quantity of N-SO4 for all three heparin subfractions have been evaluated. The high activity heparin has the lowest uronic acid and N-SO4 content. The successful separation of commercial heparin into three distinct subfractions by means of ion-exchange chromatography suggests that the net charge on these three heparin components will serve as a model system in the elucidation of the structure and activity relationship to the biological function of heparin.

Challenges in perspective of life skills acquisition; implication for placement of life skills in university curriculum

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Wasim Khan ◽  
Salahuddin Khan ◽  
Tasleem Arif ◽  
Sohail R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Life Skills ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Educational Curriculum

Background and Study Aim: The main purpose behind the study was to establish the challenges in relation to the acquisition of life skills among university student-athletes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study assessed the extent to which the concern existing resources, facilitators, and trainer attitude influences life skills acquisition among student-athletes. Material and Methods: Descriptive survey research design was followed to obtain desirable results. The target population of this study consisted of all those who participated in different sport at the university level of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Amongst them, we selected a representative sample (n=389 fifty 50% of the total population) with the help of a simple random sampling technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version, 24 was used to code and analyse the data. The hypotheses were tested by applying statistical tests like Step-wise regression and independents sample t-test. The significance level of 0.05 was fixed to accept or reject the set hypotheses. Results: Findings of the study indicated that existing resources, facilitators, and trainer/coach attitude significantly influences life skills acquisition among student-athletes (.001, .001 & .000 < .05). The analysed data revealed no significantly difference regarding extent to which specific challenges such as existing resources, facilitators, and trainer attitude influences the acquisition of life skills (.500, .133 & .149 > .05). Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that all participants have agreed upon the importance of life skills. Therefore, the life skills course might be considered as an integral part of every educational curriculum of Pakistan. It is suggested that a minimum of 2 hours per week may be included in the educational curriculum of each discipline.

POTRET PERILAKU RELIGIUS MAHASISWA UIN SAYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Al-Risalah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
Ay Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Religious Behavior ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Environment Variable ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Level 2

This study describes the religious behavior of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students. The variables used are internal and external environment as independent variable and religious behavior as dependent variable. The internal environment variable consists of gender factor, (male and female). The external environmental variables comprise the faculty environment, the present resident and the place to grow. The present resident consist of dormitories, boarding houses and parents' homes and the place to grow consist of urban and rural environment. Religious behavior variables consist of habluminallah behavior and habluminannas behavior. Habluminallah's behavior measured by (1) knowledge of faith and worship, (2) attitudes toward faith and worship, and (3) practice of faith and worship. The habluminannas variable measured by (1) Islamic behavior for them self, like honest, discipline and good work / studyethics, trust and concern on legality, (2) Islamic behavior with others, like generous, cooperation, caring, respect to the people's rights and tolerance and (3) Islamic behavior for the natural surroundings, like love of nature and nature conservation efforts. The methodology used was (1) Statistical descriptive, (2) MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) and (3) Independent sample t-test. The results showed the religious behavior UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta students has a very good category. This is indicated by the mean values for the behavior of haluminallah and habluminannas of 158.85 and 178.76,  espectively. The average value of habluminallah behaviour in the range of values "145-180" with the category of "very good" and habluminannas behavior in the range value "165-205" with the category "very good. Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are different for each faculty. This is indicated by the significance level of Pillai Trace, Wilk Lambda, Hotelling Trace, Roy's Largest Root of 0.00 (<0.05). Habluminallah and habluminannas behavior are the same for respondents who live in dormitories, boarding houses, and parents' homes. This is indicated by the value of F test and significance at Wilk's Lambda respectively for 2.055 and 0.085 (>0.05). Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for urban and rural respondents. This is known from the sig level. (2-tailed) for habluminallah and habluminannas behavior of 0.317 and 0.245 (> 0.05), respectively. Habluminallah and habluminannas behaviors are similar for male and female. This is known from the sig level. (2-tailed) for habluminallah and habluminannas behavior of 0.950 and 0.307 (> 0.05),respectively. The results of this study are expected to be used to develop university policies that can enhance the Islamic values of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

Rice tablet (Aluminum Phosphide) poisoning

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5041
Author(s):  
Farkhondeh Jamshidi ◽  
Ahmad Ghorbani ◽  
Sina Darvishi*
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning ◽  
Commit Suicide

The abuse of some pesticides especially to suicide is one of the current problems of pesticides. Aluminum phosphide induced poisoning usually happens to suicide and sometimes it is due to accidental occupational exposure and in a few cases it has some criminal intensions. This study is conducted to evaluate patients poisoned with aluminum phosphide. In the present study the medical records of cases of poisoning with rice tablets (aluminum phosphide) hospitalized in Ahvaz Razi hospital is studied. Accordingly, a checklist is prepared that included demographic information of patients (age, gender) and information on patient records (information on poisoning) are completed using the patients’ medical records. The analysis of data is done by SPSS V22. 18 patients poisoned with rice tablet (aluminum phosphide) are studied. Results of the study show that 11 patients are male and seven are female. The mean patient age is 27.06 ±8.04 years that is 28 ±9 and 25 ±6.02 in men and women respectively. Statistical tests show no statistically significant difference in mean age in both genders (P> 0.05). Among patients, 11 subjects took aluminum phosphide to attempt suicide and 3 cases took it unintentionally and of course the reason is not mentioned in four cases. Among the patients who tried to commit suicide by taking aluminum phosphide, 6 cases are male and 5 cases are female that no statistically significant difference is observed between the genders in this respect (P> 0.05). In addition to the study of the complications caused by this poisoning and its mortality, it is recommended to responsible authorities to provide the necessary educations and treatments to prevent this type of poisoning.

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