scholarly journals Modulation of interleukin 1 beta gene expression by the immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus.

1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1853-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
G K Iwamoto ◽  
M M Monick ◽  
B D Clark ◽  
P E Auron ◽  
M F Stinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Immediate Early Genes ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Early Genes ◽  
Beta Gene

Activation of immediate-early, early, and late promoters by temperature-sensitive and wild-type forms of herpes simplex virus type 1 protein ICP4

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1997-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
N A DeLuca ◽  
P A Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Immediate Early Genes ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Early Genes ◽  
Simplex Virus

To better define the activities on herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression of temperature-sensitive and wild-type forms of the transcriptional regulatory protein ICP4, regulatory sequences from immediate-early, early, and late herpes simplex virus genes were fused to the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). These constructs were used in trans induction and cotransfection experiments with wild-type and temperature-sensitive mutant alleles of ICP4. The ICP4 genes used in this study were cloned from the KOS strain (wild type) and two phenotypically distinct temperature-sensitive ICP4 mutants, tsB32 and tsL14 (DeLuca et al., J. Virol. 52:767-776, 1984), both alone and in conjunction with three other immediate-early genes. The latter series of plasmids was used to assess the influence of additional immediate-early gene products on gene expression in the presence of a given ICP4 allele. The results of this study demonstrate that the phenotypes of these ICP4 mutants observed in cell culture at the nonpermissive temperature were determined in part by activities associated with the mutant ICP4 polypeptides and that these activities differed from those of wild-type ICP4. Low levels of wild-type ICP4 had a marginal but reproducible stimulatory effect on immediate-early CAT gene expression, especially the pIE4/5CAT chimera. This effect was diminished with increasing quantities of ICP4, suggesting an inhibitory role for the wild-type form of the protein. The ICP4 mutants had a strong stimulatory effect on immediate-early CAT expression, consistent with their phenotypes at 39 degrees C. The mutant forms of the ICP4 polypeptide differed in their ability to induce CAT activity from an early chimeric gene. Thus, the tsL14 form of ICP4 was effective in early gene induction (i.e., ptkCAT was induced), whereas the ICP4 derived from tsB32 was slightly inhibitory. Cotransfection of tsB32 ICP4 simultaneously with other immediate-early genes resulted in a marginal increase in ptkCAT induction. This induction was enhanced when the gene for ICP4 was inactivated by restriction enzyme cleavage, substantiating the inhibitory effect of the tsB32 form of ICP4. The two mutant ICP4 genes (tsB32 and tsL14) were unable to trans-activate either of the late CAT constructs (p5CAT and pL42CAT) tested. Cotransfecting tsL14 ICP4 with the other immediate-early genes resulted in activation of p5CAT but not pL42CAT. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that (i) low levels of wild-type ICP4 have stimulatory effect on immediate-early promoters and that higher concentrations of wild-type ICP4 have an inhibitory effect on these promoters, (ii) isolated mutant form of ICP4 exhibit activities that reflect the phenotypes of the mutants from which they were isolated, and (iii) immediate-early gene products other than ICP4 are involved in determining the distinct phenotypes of the two mutants at 39 degrees Celsius.

scholarly journals Keratinocyte growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta gene expression in cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes from burned patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Gragnani ◽  
Bruno Rafael Müller ◽  
Ismael Dale Contrim Guerreiro da Silva ◽  
Samuel Marcos Ribeiro de Noronha ◽  
Lydia Masako Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Keratinocyte Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Beta Gene ◽  
Necrosis Factor

scholarly journals LINC00473 as an Immediate Early Gene under the Control of the EGR1 Transcription Factor

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Vincenza Aliperti ◽  
Emilia Vitale ◽  
Francesco Aniello ◽  
Aldo Donizetti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Immediate Early Genes ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Early Genes ◽  
Regulatory Cascade ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Immediate early genes play an essential role in cellular responses to different stimuli. Many of them are transcription factors that regulate the secondary response gene expression. Non-coding RNAs may also be involved in this regulatory cascade. In fact, they are emerging as key actors of gene expression regulation, and evidence suggests that their dysregulation may underly pathological states. We previously took a snapshot of both coding and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in neuronal cells after brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulation. Among these, the transcription factor EGR1 (a well-known immediate early gene) and LINC00473 (a primate-specific long non-coding RNA) that has emerged as an interesting RNA candidate involved in neuronal function and in cancer. In this work, we demonstrated that LINC00473 gene expression kinetics resembled that of immediate early genes in SH-SY5Y and HEK293T cells under different cell stimulation conditions. Moreover, we showed that the expression of LINC00473 is under the control of the transcription factor EGR1, providing evidence for an interesting functional relationship in neuron function.

GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IN SPLEENS OF DEOXYNIVALENOL-EXPOSED MICE: IMMEDIATE EARLY GENES AS PRIMARY TARGETS

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (18) ◽  
pp. 1423-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Kinser ◽  
Qunshan Jia ◽  
Maioxing Li ◽  
Ashley Laughter ◽  
Paul D. Cornwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Immediate Early Genes ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Early Genes

scholarly journals Human cytomegalovirus evades ZAP detection by suppressing CpG dinucleotides in the major immediate early genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Tang Lin ◽  
Stephen Chiweshe ◽  
Dominique McCormick ◽  
Anna Raper ◽  
Arthur Wickenhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Immediate Early Genes ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Expression Library ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Cpg Dinucleotides ◽  
Early Genes

AbstractThe genomes of RNA and small DNA viruses of vertebrates display significant suppression of CpG dinucleotide frequencies. Artificially increasing dinucleotide frequencies results in substantial attenuation of virus replication, suggesting that these compositional changes may facilitate recognition of non-self RNA sequences. Recently, the interferon inducible protein ZAP, was identified as the host factor responsible for sensing CpG in viral RNA, through direct binding and possibly downstream targeting for degradation. Using an arrayed interferon stimulated gene expression library screen, we identified ZAPS, and its associated factor TRIM25, as direct inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. Exogenous expression of ZAPS and TRIM25 significantly reduced virus replication while knockdown resulted in increased virus replication. HCMV displays a strikingly heterogeneous pattern of CpG representation with a specific suppression of CpGs within the IE1 major immediate early transcript which is absent in subsequently expressed genes. We demonstrated that suppression of CpG dinucleotides in the IE1 gene allows evasion of inhibitory effects of ZAP. During HCMV infection, expression of ZAP and TRIM25 are rapidly reduced, removing pressure to suppress dinucleotide frequencies in viral genes expressed after the immediate early genes, while acute virus replication and high levels of ZAP are mutually exclusive. Finally, we show that TRIM25 regulates alternative splicing between the ZAP short and long isoforms during HCMV infection and interferon induction, with knockdown of TRIM25 resulting in decreased ZAPS and corresponding increased ZAPL expression. These results demonstrate for the first time that ZAP is a potent host restriction factor against large DNA viruses and that HCMV evades ZAP detection through suppression of CpG dinucleotides within the major immediate early transcripts. Furthermore, TRIM25 is required for efficient upregulation of the interferon inducible short isoform of ZAP through regulation of alternative splicing.

scholarly journals A labile transcriptional repressor modulates endotoxin tolerance.

1994 ◽  
Vol 180 (6) ◽  
pp. 2269-2275 ◽  
Author(s):  
K E LaRue ◽  
C E McCall
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Endotoxin Tolerance ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Transcription Inhibition ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
I Kappa B Alpha ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Beta Gene

Tolerance to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is an adaptive cellular process whereby exposure to endotoxin induces a subsequent hyporesponsive state characterized by decreased levels of LPS-induced cytokine mRNA and protein. We demonstrate, in a human promonocytic cell line, THP-1, that endotoxin tolerance is manifested by decreased LPS-induced interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) transcription. Inhibition of protein synthesis reverses the tolerant phenotype by inducing transcription of IL-1 beta in the absence of a second stimulus. These results indicate that a labile protein contributes to the endotoxin-tolerant phenotype, and that this factor acts in a dominant repressive manner to inhibit the activity of existing transcription factors. We provide further data that cellular expression of I kappa B-alpha correlates with downregulated IL-1 beta gene expression during endotoxin tolerance, implicating I kappa B-alpha as a potential candidate for the labile repressor identified herein.

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