scholarly journals THE RENAL REGULATION OF ACID-BASE BALANCE IN MAN. IV. THE NATURE OF THE RENAL COMPENSATIONS IN AMMONIUM CHLORIDE ACIDOSIS 1

1949 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. W. Sartorius ◽  
J. C. Roemmelt ◽  
R. F. Pitts ◽  
Dorothy Calhoon ◽  
Phyllis Miner
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

Extraction of amino acids from and their addition to renal blood plasma

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shalhoub ◽  
W. Webber ◽  
S. Glabman ◽  
M. Canessa-Fischer ◽  
J. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Venous Plasma

Twenty paired samples of arterial and renal venous plasma, collected simultaneously from dogs in ammonium chloride acidosis, were analyzed by column chromatography for 23 α-amino acids. Fifteen additional paired samples from dogs in acute metabolic alkalosis were similarly analyzed. In ammonium chloride acidosis, glutamine plus asparagine, glycine, citrulline, tryptophan, and proline are extracted from renal blood plasma. Alanine, serine, glutamic acid, cystine, and ornithine are added to renal venous plasma. The addition of glutamic and aspartic acids amounts only to 4% of the extraction of glutamine plus asparagine. It is, therefore, probable that both α-amino and amide nitrogens are removed from the parent amide molecules. In acute metabolic alkalosis, the extraction of glutamine plus asparagine is halved, on an average. The extraction of glycine and the addition of alanine and serine are essentially unchanged. Therefore, only the extraction of glutamine plus asparagine varies to a quantitatively significant degree with changes in acid-base balance which markedly alter the rate of excretion of ammonia.

Differentiation of the effects of protein status and acid-base balance on the appetite of sheep for lucerne silage

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Phillip ◽  
M. V. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Protein Status ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARYFive cross-bred Suffolk lambs (liveweight 24–29 kg) were fed lucerne silage and made acidotic or offered supplemental protein with the objective of determining the effects of acidosis and amino acid undersupply on food intake from silage. In this study, at McGill University, Quebec, Canada in January 1989, lucerne silage (25% DM) was supplemented with equimolar amounts (450 mmol/kg DM) of ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate; fishmeal was added at 100 g/kg silage DM. The lambs were fedad libitumaccording to a 5 × 5 Latin square with 21-day periods.Digestibility of organic matter (OM) from silage ranged from 78 to 82% and was not significantly affected by diet (P> 0·05). Voluntary intake of digestible organic matter (DOM) from silage was. Fishmeal supplementation of lucerne silage improved nitrogen retention (P> 0·05) but not intake of DOM. The addition of ammonium chloride to silage reduced blood concentration (p< 0·05) and urinary output of HCO3, increased ammonia excretion in urine (P< 0·05), and depressed intake of DOM (P< 0·05). Ammonium bicarbonate also reduced voluntary intake of DOM (P< 0·05) but had no significant effect (P> 0·05) on the acid-base status of the lambs. Sodium bicarbonate depressed food intake but had no significant effect on measures of acid-base balance.The results suggest that metabolic acidosis is not an underlying mechanism restricting food intake by sheep and that neither acid-base imbalance nor inadequate protein status is likely to explain the limitation in food intake from ensiled lucerne.

scholarly journals A High Roughage/Concentrate Ratio Decreases the Effect of Ammonium Chloride on Acid-Base Balance in Horses

2006 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 2048S-2049S ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Kienzle ◽  
Klaus Stürmer ◽  
Dietmar Ranz ◽  
Marcus Clauss
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

THE INFLUENCE OF BICARBONATE BUFFERS ON MILK PRODUCTION AND ACID-BASE BALANCE IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. McKINNON ◽  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Base Balance

Two 4 × 4 Latin square feeding trials were conducted to investigate the influence of 0.75% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), 0.75% potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) and 0.66% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on production and acid-base parameters of dairy cows. Buffer supplementation did not improve feed intake or milk production compared to the control ration of 50% concentrate, 50% barley silage (DM basis). Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and crude protein were not influenced by treatment. Buffer supplementation resulted in an increase in milk fat and total solids content in trial 2 but not in trial 1. In comparison to the two buffered rations, NH4Cl induced a mild form of acidosis as evidenced from reduced (P < 0.05) blood pH, HCO3, BE and urine pH values in trial 1 and blood HCO3 and urine pH in trial 2. In addition, DM and concentrate intake were reduced in trial 2 with NH4Cl supplementation. Treatment did not affect the molar proportions of the major rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA). It is concluded that milk fat production did not respond as expected to buffer supplementation due to a failure to influence the pattern of rumen VFA production. The control ration did not stress the acid-base homeostasis of the animal. Consequently, buffer supplementation did not lead to any improvement in systemic acid-base status. Key words: Dairy cattle, milk production, potassium and sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, acid-base balance

Higher Dietary Acidity is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Iranian Women, Independent of Dietary Calcium Intake

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0206-0217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati-Bafghi ◽  
Elaheh Nosrat-Mirshekarlou ◽  
Mohsen Karamati ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Dietary Acid

Findings of studies on the link between dietary acid-base balance and bone mass are relatively mixed. We examined the association between dietary acid-base balance and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of Iranian women, hypothesizing that a higher dietary acidity would be inversely associated with BMD, even when dietary calcium intake is adequate. In this cross-sectional study, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs of 151 postmenopausal women aged 50 - 85 years were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Renal net acid excretion (RNAE), an estimate of acid-base balance, was then calculated indirectly from the diet using the formulae of Remer (based on dietary intakes of protein, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium; RNAERemer) and Frassetto (based on dietary intakes of protein and potassium; RNAEFrassetto), and was energy adjusted by the residual method. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable adjusted means of the lumbar spine BMD of women in the highest tertiles of RNAERemer and RNAEFrassetto were significantly lower than those in the lowest tertiles (for RNAERemer: mean difference -0.084 g/cm2; P=0.007 and for RNAEFrassetto: mean difference - 0.088 g/cm2; P=0.004). Similar results were observed in a subgroup analysis of subjects with dietary calcium intake of >800 mg/day. In conclusion, a higher RNAE (i. e. more dietary acidity), which is associated with greater intake of acid-generating foods and lower intake of alkali-generating foods, may be involved in deteriorating the bone health of postmenopausal Iranian women, even in the context of adequate dietary calcium intake.

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