scholarly journals THE ACTION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, AND SODIUM BICARBONATE ON THE TOTAL ACID-BASE BALANCE OF A CASE OF CHRONIC NEPHRITIS WITH EDEMA

1929 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuller Albright ◽  
Walter Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Chronic Nephritis ◽  
Base Balance

Decrease in ureagenesis by partial hepatectomy does not influence acid-base balance

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. F696-F699
Author(s):  
T. Almdal ◽  
H. Vilstrup ◽  
K. Bjerrum ◽  
L. O. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Infusion

It has been suggested that urea synthesis participates directly in body pH homeostasis by removal of bicarbonate. To elucidate this hypothesis sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride was infused (11.5 mumol/min) for 90 min into control rats and into rats that had undergone an 85% hepatectomy immediately before starting the infusion. Urea synthesis rate was 2.6 +/- 0.3 mumol/min (mean +/- SE) in controls, and was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced to 1.0 +/- 0.2 mumol/min in partially hepatectomized rats. At the start of bicarbonate infusion, pH was 7.38 and 7.34 in control and partially hepatectomized rats, respectively, and at the end of infusion, pH was 7.56 and 7.51. Standard bicarbonate at start of bicarbonate infusion was 21.9 and 21.3 mM in controls and partially hepatectomized, respectively, and it increased to 32.7 and 29.9 mM at end of infusion. In saline-infused rats a slight decrease of approximately 0.05 pH units was observed during the experiment, but again no difference emerged between control and partially hepatectomized rats. It is concluded that a major role of the liver in the regulation of acid-base balance is unlikely.

Differentiation of the effects of protein status and acid-base balance on the appetite of sheep for lucerne silage

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Phillip ◽  
M. V. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Protein Status ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARYFive cross-bred Suffolk lambs (liveweight 24–29 kg) were fed lucerne silage and made acidotic or offered supplemental protein with the objective of determining the effects of acidosis and amino acid undersupply on food intake from silage. In this study, at McGill University, Quebec, Canada in January 1989, lucerne silage (25% DM) was supplemented with equimolar amounts (450 mmol/kg DM) of ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate; fishmeal was added at 100 g/kg silage DM. The lambs were fedad libitumaccording to a 5 × 5 Latin square with 21-day periods.Digestibility of organic matter (OM) from silage ranged from 78 to 82% and was not significantly affected by diet (P> 0·05). Voluntary intake of digestible organic matter (DOM) from silage was. Fishmeal supplementation of lucerne silage improved nitrogen retention (P> 0·05) but not intake of DOM. The addition of ammonium chloride to silage reduced blood concentration (p< 0·05) and urinary output of HCO3, increased ammonia excretion in urine (P< 0·05), and depressed intake of DOM (P< 0·05). Ammonium bicarbonate also reduced voluntary intake of DOM (P< 0·05) but had no significant effect (P> 0·05) on the acid-base status of the lambs. Sodium bicarbonate depressed food intake but had no significant effect on measures of acid-base balance.The results suggest that metabolic acidosis is not an underlying mechanism restricting food intake by sheep and that neither acid-base imbalance nor inadequate protein status is likely to explain the limitation in food intake from ensiled lucerne.

THE INFLUENCE OF BICARBONATE BUFFERS ON MILK PRODUCTION AND ACID-BASE BALANCE IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. McKINNON ◽  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Base Balance

Two 4 × 4 Latin square feeding trials were conducted to investigate the influence of 0.75% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), 0.75% potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) and 0.66% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on production and acid-base parameters of dairy cows. Buffer supplementation did not improve feed intake or milk production compared to the control ration of 50% concentrate, 50% barley silage (DM basis). Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and crude protein were not influenced by treatment. Buffer supplementation resulted in an increase in milk fat and total solids content in trial 2 but not in trial 1. In comparison to the two buffered rations, NH4Cl induced a mild form of acidosis as evidenced from reduced (P < 0.05) blood pH, HCO3, BE and urine pH values in trial 1 and blood HCO3 and urine pH in trial 2. In addition, DM and concentrate intake were reduced in trial 2 with NH4Cl supplementation. Treatment did not affect the molar proportions of the major rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA). It is concluded that milk fat production did not respond as expected to buffer supplementation due to a failure to influence the pattern of rumen VFA production. The control ration did not stress the acid-base homeostasis of the animal. Consequently, buffer supplementation did not lead to any improvement in systemic acid-base status. Key words: Dairy cattle, milk production, potassium and sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, acid-base balance

scholarly journals The effect of NaCl 0.9% and NaCl 0.45% on sodium, chloride, and acid‐base balance in a PICU population

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-505
Author(s):  
Helena Isabel Almeida ◽  
Maria Inês Mascarenhas ◽  
Helena Cristina Loureiro ◽  
Clara S. Abadesso ◽  
Pedro S. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

Branchial mechanisms of ion and acid–base regulation in the freshwater rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2699-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. McDonald ◽  
E. T. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

Blood acid–base balance and branchial fluxes of Na+, Cl−, and acidic equivalents were examined in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in response to variations in external [NaCl] and following experimental acid or base loads (intravascular infusion of ammonium sulphate, lactic acid, or sodium bicarbonate). NaCl influx, NaCl efflux, and ammonia excretion covaried with external [NaCl]. Large fluxes of acidic equivalents across the gills were produced by infusion of both ammonium sulphate and sodium bicarbonate, but both treatments had little effect upon Na+ and Cl− uptake. We interpret this result as indicating that apical [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] exchange played little role in the branchial clearance of acidic equivalents. Instead, the results are consistent with the notion that acidic equivalents were excreted via diffusion through paracellular channels. A model is presented which suggests that the paracellular channels are the normal route for ionic efflux across the gills and that excretion of acidic equivalents results from modulation of the permselectivity of this pathway.

scholarly journals Lactated Ringer's solution or 0.9% sodium chloride as fluid therapy in pigeons (Columba livia) submitted to humerus osteosynthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano B. Carregaro ◽  
Martielo I. Gehrcke ◽  
Jenifer S. Marques ◽  
André N.E. Silva ◽  
Kleber T. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Lactated Ringer's Solution

The study aimed to compare the effects of intraosseous infusion of lactated Ringer's and 0.9% sodium chloride solutions on the electrolytes and acid-base balance in pigeons submitted to humerus osteosynthesis. Eighteen pigeons were undergoing to isoflurane anesthesia by an avalvular circuit system. They were randomly assigned into two groups (n=9) receiving lactated Ringer's solution (LR) or 0.9% sodium chloride (SC), in a continuous infusion rate of 20mL/kg/h, by using an intraosseous catheter into the tibiotarsus during 60-minute anesthetic procedure. Heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR) were measured every 10 min. Venous blood samples were collected at 0, 30 and 60 minutes to analyze blood pH, PvCO2, HCO3 -, Na+ and K+. Blood gases and electrolytes showed respiratory acidosis in both groups during induction, under physical restraint. This acidosis was evidenced by a decrease of pH since 0 min, associated with a compensatory response, observed by increasing of HCO3 - concentration, at 30 and 60 min. It was not observed any changes on Na+ and K+ serum concentrations. According to the results, there is no reason for choosing one of the two solutions, and it could be concluded that both fluid therapy solutions do not promote any impact on acid-base balance and electrolyte concentrations in pigeons submitted to humerus osteosynthesis.

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