scholarly journals The Effect of Tap Water, Carbonated Water, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Calcium Chloride on Blood Acid-Base Balance in Cockerels Subjected to Heat Stress

1985 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER G. BOTTJE ◽  
PAUL C. HARRISON
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Carbonated Water

Decrease in ureagenesis by partial hepatectomy does not influence acid-base balance

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. F696-F699
Author(s):  
T. Almdal ◽  
H. Vilstrup ◽  
K. Bjerrum ◽  
L. O. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Infusion

It has been suggested that urea synthesis participates directly in body pH homeostasis by removal of bicarbonate. To elucidate this hypothesis sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride was infused (11.5 mumol/min) for 90 min into control rats and into rats that had undergone an 85% hepatectomy immediately before starting the infusion. Urea synthesis rate was 2.6 +/- 0.3 mumol/min (mean +/- SE) in controls, and was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced to 1.0 +/- 0.2 mumol/min in partially hepatectomized rats. At the start of bicarbonate infusion, pH was 7.38 and 7.34 in control and partially hepatectomized rats, respectively, and at the end of infusion, pH was 7.56 and 7.51. Standard bicarbonate at start of bicarbonate infusion was 21.9 and 21.3 mM in controls and partially hepatectomized, respectively, and it increased to 32.7 and 29.9 mM at end of infusion. In saline-infused rats a slight decrease of approximately 0.05 pH units was observed during the experiment, but again no difference emerged between control and partially hepatectomized rats. It is concluded that a major role of the liver in the regulation of acid-base balance is unlikely.

The effect of heat stress on respiratory alkalosis, blood acid base balance and insulin sensitivity in cinnamon supplemented pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2415
Author(s):  
J. J. Cottrell ◽  
F. Liu ◽  
S. Wan ◽  
U. A. Wijesiriwardana ◽  
K. DiGiacomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

scholarly journals Determination of NABE in urine of high-yield dairy cows in early lactation in conditions of moderate heat stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Natalija Fratric ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Dragan Gvozdic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Daily Milk Production

The work presents the results of investigations of the effect of moderate heat stress on the acidobasal status in high-yield dairy cows in early lactation. Improving performance in high-yield dairy cows increases their inclination toward metabolic disorders. The most likely to be affected is the acid-base balance, in particular when cows are exposed to heat stress. Investigations so far have shown that the taking of urine samples and their analysis is the best and fastest way to diagnose disorders in the acid-base balance. Investigations were carried out on 7 clinically healthy cows of the Holstein- Friesian breed in the phase of early lactation, 30 to 40 days (on days 30, 33 and 40 ) following calving during the summer period, during the month of July, when there were significant variations in daily and nightly temperatures. The cows were in the second and fourth lactation, the annual milk yield was 8000 L milk per cow. The average daily milk production in the early phase of lactation ranged from 35 to 40 L. The cows were fed mixed rations (TMR) twice daily. Lucerne hay in limited quantities was given to the cows prior to the mixed feed ration. The ration for this animal category was optimized on the grounds of the daily milk production. The balance of cations and anions in the feed ration stood at 95 mEq/kg DM. The results clearly demonstrate the cows' response to moderate heat stress through the defense parameters in urine (urine pH, NABE (net-acid-base-excretion), acids, bases, ammonium ion (NH4). The determination of the kidney NABE yields more correct data than the urine pH on acidotic conditions. The results of examinations of the urine pH do not show any digressions from physiological values and are approximately the same in all cows during the investigated periods. Normal NABE values are from 100-200 mmol/L. Burdening with acid products results in a NABE range from 0-100mmol/L, and metabolic acidosis results in NAB<0 mmol/L. NABE in the cows in this experiment revealed that the organism is burdened by acid metabolic products and it stood at 58.28?27.96 mmol/L on day 30, 69.28?29.89 mmol/L on day 33, and 60.60?26.88mmol/L on day 40. Consequently, it seems that NABE values are decreased in cases of acidosis due to stepped up H+ excretion and stepped up bicarbonate reabsorption.

scholarly journals Liver Transcriptome Responses to Heat Stress and Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Genetically Distinct Chicken Inbred Lines

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Perot Saelao ◽  
Colin Kern ◽  
Sihua Jin ◽  
Rodrigo A. Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Solute Carrier Family ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Liver Transcriptome ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Solute Carrier

Heat stress results in reduced productivity, anorexia, and mortality in chickens. The objective of the study was to identify genes and signal pathways associated with heat stress and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in the liver of chickens through RNA-seq analysis, using two highly inbred chicken lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi). All birds were held in the same environment until 14 days of age. On day 14, half the birds were exposed to 38 °C with 50% relative humidity for 4 h, then 35 °C until the end of the experiment. The remaining birds were kept at 25 °C throughout the experiment. The heat-treated birds were inoculated at 21 days of age with 107 EID50 (One EID50 unit is the amount of virus that will infect 50 percent of inoculated embryos) NDV La Sota strain to investigate the effects of both heat stress and NDV infection. Physiological parameters were recorded as blood phenotypes at three stages: acute heat (AH), chronic heat (CH1), and chronic heat combined with NDV infection (CH&NDV), at 4 h, 7 days, and 10 days post-initiation of heat treatment, respectively. Our previous work revealed that the heat-resilient Fayoumi line maintained a more stable acid-base balance in their blood compared to the Leghorn line. Liver samples were harvested on both AH and CH&NDV to characterize the transcriptome profiles of these two inbred lines. Both genetic lines and treatments had large impact on the liver transcriptome. Fayoumi birds had more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than Leghorn birds for both treatments. Metabolic and immune-related genes were on the DEG list, with Fayoumi having more immune-related DEGs than Leghorns, which was confirmed by gene functional enrichment analysis. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that the driver genes such as Solute Carrier Family genes could be very important for stabilizing the acid-base balance in Fayoumi birds during heat stress. Therefore, candidate genes such solute carrier family genes could be potential genetic targets that are regulated by Fayoumis to maintain physical hemostasis under heat stress. Differential gene expression showed that Leghorns mainly performed metabolic regulation in response to heat stress and NDV infection, while Fayoumis regulated both immune and metabolic functions. This study provides novel insights and enhances our understandings of liver response to heat stress of heat resilient and susceptible inbred chicken lines.

Branchial mechanisms of ion and acid–base regulation in the freshwater rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2699-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. McDonald ◽  
E. T. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

Blood acid–base balance and branchial fluxes of Na+, Cl−, and acidic equivalents were examined in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in response to variations in external [NaCl] and following experimental acid or base loads (intravascular infusion of ammonium sulphate, lactic acid, or sodium bicarbonate). NaCl influx, NaCl efflux, and ammonia excretion covaried with external [NaCl]. Large fluxes of acidic equivalents across the gills were produced by infusion of both ammonium sulphate and sodium bicarbonate, but both treatments had little effect upon Na+ and Cl− uptake. We interpret this result as indicating that apical [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] exchange played little role in the branchial clearance of acidic equivalents. Instead, the results are consistent with the notion that acidic equivalents were excreted via diffusion through paracellular channels. A model is presented which suggests that the paracellular channels are the normal route for ionic efflux across the gills and that excretion of acidic equivalents results from modulation of the permselectivity of this pathway.

scholarly journals Effect of heat stress on acid-base balance in Polish Merino sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wojtas ◽  
P. Cwynar ◽  
R. Kolacz ◽  
R. Kupczynski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Air Movement ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Co2 ◽  
Base Balance

Abstract. Effect of heat stress on changes in acid-base balance, physiological parameters and cortisol level were evaluated in Polish Merino sheep. Fifteen sheep were exposed to high temperature conditions (30 °C) in order to induce heat stress. All environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and air movement were monitored. A decrease of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in blood and concentration of total CO2 (tCO2) and an increase of pO2 were observed. The cortisol level also significantly increased. In the next stage of the experiment the soothing effect of air movement was examined. An increased air movement led to reduction of thermal stress. An increase in pCO2 and decrease in cortisol level were observed. The study showed that heat stress leads to changes in acid base balance and cortisol secretion. Air movement has a soothing effect on heat stress in Polish Merino sheep.

Studies on the Mechanism of Chloride Absorption by the Goldfish Gill: Relation With Acid-Base Regulation

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-358
Author(s):  
G. DE RENZIS ◽  
J. MAETZ
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Simultaneous Loss

1. Pretreatment of Carassius auratus in artificial media (de-ionized water, sodium sulphate or choline chloride solutions), resulted in simultaneous loss of internal Na and Cl, variations in the total CO2 and NH3 plasma content; blood pH shifts towards alkalosis in fish treated with sodium sulphate and towards acidosis in fish treated with de-ionized water or choline chloride. 2. Fish kept in de-ionized water and in sodium sulphate solution were compared with control (tap water) fish. Branchial chloride fluxes were studied as a function of external chloride concentration, the accompanying cation being impermeant (choline) or permeant (sodium). For chloride influx saturation kinetics prevails, the maximal rate of uptake being about 3 times faster in sodium sulphate than in fish kept in de ionized water, the apparent affinity of the uptake mechanisms (Km) remaining the same. 3. Substitution of choline by sodium increases the maximal rate of influx without changing the Km or efflux in all types of fish. 4. The quantity of base excreted is correlated to the quantity of Cl- absorbed confirming the Cl-/HCO3- exchange process. 5. The degree of linkage between Na and Cl absorption is discussed in relation to the maintenance of acid-base balance by the gill.

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