Thermal Load from a CO2Laser Radiant Energy Source Induces Changes in Corneal Surface Asphericity, Roughness, and Transverse Contraction

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 4279
Author(s):  
Sean J. McCafferty ◽  
Jim T. Schwiegerling ◽  
Eniko T. Enikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Corneal Surface

Surface Temperature Profiles Due to Radiant Heating in a Thermocapillary Channel Flow

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Epstein ◽  
J. P. Burelbach ◽  
M. G. Plys
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Channel Flow ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Radiant Heating ◽  
Conduction Model ◽  
Nonlinear Conduction

Experiments were conducted to determine the temperature distribution at the surface of a thermocapillary channel flow generated by heating a shallow liquid layer locally from above with a radiant energy source. The measured temperature profiles are explained by an available nonlinear conduction model that incorporates the combined effects of thermocapillary and thermogravitational convection in shallow liquid layers.

Acute Erythrocyte Destruction in Severe Thermal Injury

1955 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Jones ◽  
E. L. Alpen ◽  
A. K. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Destruction ◽  
Exposed Skin ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
Made In

Measurements of the acute post burn erythrocyte deficit have been made in the rat by means of Fe59-labeled red cells. The burns used were moderate to severe flash burns ranging from 8 cal/cm2 (minimal third degree) to 16 cal/cm2 (severe third degree). Destruction of red cells ranges from 8% at 8 cal/cm2 to 25% at 16 cal/cm2. These burns are equivalent to those that might be expected to occur in exposed skin as the result of a nuclear detonation. Increasing duration of exposure to the radiant energy source did not affect the extent of red cell destruction. Increasing burn area from 15% to 22% did not affect the red cell deficit. The extent of red cell destruction is greater than that reported for thermal burns of a contact nature. The reasons for this difference have been discussed. It has also been shown that an additional small deficit in red cell volume in excess of that caused by direct heat effects on cells can be expected as the result of a continuing hemolytic process.

Evaluation of net shortwave radiation over China with a regional climate model

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
X Liu ◽  
Y Kang ◽  
Q Liu ◽  
Z Guo ◽  
Y Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Sky Conditions

The regional climate model RegCM version 4.6, developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis, was used to simulate the radiation budget over China. Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite data were utilized to evaluate the simulation results based on 4 radiative components: net shortwave (NSW) radiation at the surface of the earth and top of the atmosphere (TOA) under all-sky and clear-sky conditions. The performance of the model for low-value areas of NSW was superior to that for high-value areas. NSW at the surface and TOA under all-sky conditions was significantly underestimated; the spatial distribution of the bias was negative in the north and positive in the south, bounded by 25°N for the annual and seasonal averaged difference maps. Compared with the all-sky condition, the simulation effect under clear-sky conditions was significantly better, which indicates that the cloud fraction is the key factor affecting the accuracy of the simulation. In particular, the bias of the TOA NSW under the clear-sky condition was <±10 W m-2 in the eastern areas. The performance of the model was better over the eastern monsoon region in winter and autumn for surface NSW under clear-sky conditions, which may be related to different levels of air pollution during each season. Among the 3 areas, the regional average biases overall were largest (negative) over the Qinghai-Tibet alpine region and smallest over the eastern monsoon region.

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