Temporal Synchrony Deficits in Amblyopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (13) ◽  
pp. 8325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Chun Huang ◽  
Jinrong Li ◽  
Daming Deng ◽  
Minbin Yu ◽  
Robert F. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Synchrony

Effects of single- and biventricular pacing on temporal and spatial dynamics of ventricular contraction

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. H372-H379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Wyman ◽  
William C. Hunter ◽  
Frits W. Prinzen ◽  
Owen P. Faris ◽  
Elliot R. McVeigh
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Biventricular Pacing ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Activation Delay

Resynchronization is frequently used for the treatment of heart failure, but the mechanism for improvement is not entirely clear. In the present study, the temporal synchrony and spatiotemporal distribution of left ventricular (LV) contraction was investigated in eight dogs during right atrial (RA), right ventricular apex (RVa), and biventricular (BiV) pacing using tagged magnetic resonance imaging. Mechanical activation (MA; the onset of circumferential shortening) was calculated from the images throughout the left ventricle for each pacing protocol. MA width (time for 20–90% of the left ventricle to contract) was significantly shorter during RA (43.6 ± 17.1 ms) than BiV and RVa pacing (67.4 ± 15.2 and 77.6 ± 16.4 ms, respectively). The activation delay vector (net delay in MA from one side of the left ventricle to the other) was significantly shorter during RA (18.9 ± 8.1 ms) and BiV (34.2 ± 18.3 ms) than during RVa (73.8 ± 16.3 ms) pacing. Rate of LV pressure increase was significantly lower during RVa than RA pacing (1,070 ± 370 vs. 1,560 ± 300 mmHg/s) with intermediate values for BiV pacing (1,310 ± 220 mmHg/s). BiV pacing has a greater impact on correcting the spatial distribution of LV contraction than on improving the temporal synchronization of contraction. Spatiotemporal distribution of contraction may be an important determinant of ventricular function.

scholarly journals Coding of Amplitude Modulation in Primary Auditory Cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingbo Yin ◽  
Jeffrey S. Johnson ◽  
Kevin N. O'Connor ◽  
Mitchell L. Sutter
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Temporal Modulation ◽  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
A1 Neurons ◽  
Vector Strength

Conflicting results have led to different views about how temporal modulation is encoded in primary auditory cortex (A1). Some studies find a substantial population of neurons that change firing rate without synchronizing to temporal modulation, whereas other studies fail to see these nonsynchronized neurons. As a result, the role and scope of synchronized temporal and nonsynchronized rate codes in AM processing in A1 remains unresolved. We recorded A1 neurons' responses in awake macaques to sinusoidal AM noise. We find most (37–78%) neurons synchronize to at least one modulation frequency (MF) without exhibiting nonsynchronized responses. However, we find both exclusively nonsynchronized neurons (7–29%) and “mixed-mode” neurons (13–40%) that synchronize to at least one MF and fire nonsynchronously to at least one other. We introduce new measures for modulation encoding and temporal synchrony that can improve the analysis of how neurons encode temporal modulation. These include comparing AM responses to the responses to unmodulated sounds, and a vector strength measure that is suitable for single-trial analysis. Our data support a transformation from a temporally based population code of AM to a rate-based code as information ascends the auditory pathway. The number of mixed-mode neurons found in A1 indicates this transformation is not yet complete, and A1 neurons may carry multiplexed temporal and rate codes.

scholarly journals Selective attention to a talker's mouth in infancy: role of audiovisual temporal synchrony and linguistic experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. e12381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Hillairet de Boisferon ◽  
Amy H. Tift ◽  
Nicholas J. Minar ◽  
David J. Lewkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Linguistic Experience ◽  
Temporal Synchrony

The effects of temporal synchrony on the perceived organization of elements in spatially symmetric and asymmetric grids

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 637-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Parton ◽  
Nick Donnelly ◽  
Marius Usher
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Synchrony

Changes in the Synchrony of Multimodal Communication in Early Language Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2235-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Murillo ◽  
Carlota Ortega ◽  
Alicia Otones ◽  
Irene Rujas ◽  
Marta Casla
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Multimodal Communication ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Communicative Behaviors ◽  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Vocal Productions ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The aim of this study is to analyze the changes in temporal synchrony between gesture and speech of multimodal communicative behaviors in the transition from babbling to two-word productions. Method Ten Spanish-speaking children were observed at 9, 12, 15, and 18 months of age in a semistructured play situation. We longitudinally analyzed the synchrony between gestures and vocal productions and between their prominent parts. We also explored the relationship between gestural–vocal synchrony and independent measures of language development. Results Results showed that multimodal communicative behaviors tend to be shorter with age, with an increasing overlap of its constituting elements. The same pattern is found when considering the synchrony between the prominent parts. The proportion of overlap between gestural and vocal elements at 15 months of age as well as the proportion of the stroke overlapped with vocalization appear to be related to lexical development 3 months later. Conclusions These results suggest that children produce gestures and vocalizations as coordinated elements of a single communication system before the transition to the two-word stage. This coordination is related to subsequent lexical development in this period. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6912242

scholarly journals Reduced Monocular Luminance Increases Monocular Temporal Synchrony Threshold in Human Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ling Gong ◽  
Seung Hyun Min ◽  
Shijia Chen ◽  
Junhan Wei ◽  
Deying Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Human Adults

Dissociation of Spatial and Temporal Coupling in the Bimanual Movements of Callosotomy Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Franz ◽  
James C. Eliassen ◽  
Richard B. Ivry ◽  
Michael S. Gazzaniga
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Movement Onset ◽  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Temporal Coupling ◽  
Spatial Interference

The neural mechanisms of limb coordination were investigated by testing callosotomy patients and normal control subjects on bimanual movements Normal subjects produced deviations in the trajectories when spatial demands for the two hands were different, despite temporal synchrony in the onset of bimanual movements Callosotomy patients did not produce spatial deviations, although their hands moved with normal temporal synchrony Normal subjects but not callosotomy patients exhibited large increases in planning and execution time for movements with different spatial demands for the two hands relative to movements with identical spatial demands for the two hands This neural dissociation indicates that spatial interference in movements results from callosal connections, whereas temporal synchrony in movement onset does not rely on the corpus callosum

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