scholarly journals The Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Activation in Homocysteine-Induced Death of Retinal Ganglion Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 5515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi S. Ganapathy ◽  
Richard E. White ◽  
Yonju Ha ◽  
B. Renee Bozard ◽  
Paul L. McNeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Aspartate Receptor

The development of the pattern of retinal ganglion cells in the chick retina: mechanisms that control differentiation

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (24) ◽  
pp. 5713-5724 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. McCabe ◽  
E.C. Gunther ◽  
T.A. Reh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Peripheral Retina ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Fgf Receptor ◽  
Chick Retina ◽  
Regular Arrays

Neurons in both vertebrate and invertebrate eyes are organized in regular arrays. Although much is known about the mechanisms involved in the formation of the regular arrays of neurons found in invertebrate eyes, much less is known about the mechanisms of formation of neuronal mosaics in the vertebrate eye. The purpose of these studies was to determine the cellular mechanisms that pattern the first neurons in vertebrate retina, the retinal ganglion cells. We have found that the ganglion cells in the chick retina develop as a patterned array that spreads from the central to peripheral retina as a wave front of differentiation. The onset of ganglion cell differentiation keeps pace with overall retinal growth; however, there is no clear cell cycle synchronization at the front of differentiation of the first ganglion cells. The differentiation of ganglion cells is not dependent on signals from previously formed ganglion cells, since isolation of the peripheral retina by as much as 400 μm from the front of ganglion cell differentiation does not prevent new ganglion cells from developing. Consistent with previous studies, blocking FGF receptor activation with a specific inhibitor to the FGFRs retards the movement of the front of ganglion cell differentiation, while application of exogenous FGF1 causes the precocious development of ganglion cells in peripheral retina. Our observations, taken together with those of previous studies, support a role for FGFs and FGF receptor activation in the initial development of retinal ganglion cells from the undifferentiated neuroepithelium peripheral to the expanding wave front of differentiation.

scholarly journals Nav1.6 promotes inflammation and neuronal degeneration in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barakat Alrashdi ◽  
Bassel Dawod ◽  
Andrea Schampel ◽  
Sabine Tacke ◽  
Stefanie Kuerten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Aav Vector ◽  
Α Subunit

Abstract Background In multiple sclerosis (MS) and in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, the Nav1.6 voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel isoform has been implicated as a primary contributor to axonal degeneration. Following demyelination Nav1.6, which is normally co-localized with the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) at the nodes of Ranvier, associates with β-APP, a marker of neural injury. The persistent influx of sodium through Nav1.6 is believed to reverse the function of NCX, resulting in an increased influx of damaging Ca2+ ions. However, direct evidence for the role of Nav1.6 in axonal degeneration is lacking. Methods In mice floxed for Scn8a, the gene that encodes the α subunit of Nav1.6, subjected to EAE we examined the effect of eliminating Nav1.6 from retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in one eye using an AAV vector harboring Cre and GFP, while using the contralateral either injected with AAV vector harboring GFP alone or non-targeted eye as control. Results In retinas, the expression of Rbpms, a marker for retinal ganglion cells, was found to be inversely correlated to the expression of Scn8a. Furthermore, the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Il6 (IL-6) and Ifng (IFN-γ), and of the reactive gliosis marker Gfap (GFAP) were found to be reduced in targeted retinas. Optic nerves from targeted eyes were shown to have reduced macrophage infiltration and improved axonal health. Conclusion Taken together, our results are consistent with Nav1.6 promoting inflammation and contributing to axonal degeneration following demyelination.

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced death of retinal ganglion cells: The role of Müller glial cells and NRF2

Redox Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Navneet ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Barbara Mysona ◽  
Shannon Barwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Müller Glial Cells

scholarly journals μ-Opioid Receptor Activation Directly Modulates Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells

Neuroscience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 400-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Cleymaet ◽  
Shannon K. Gallagher ◽  
Ryan E. Tooker ◽  
Mikhail Y. Lipin ◽  
Jordan M. Renna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Μ Opioid Receptor

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit mRNA expression in human retinal ganglion cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 238 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Lagrèze ◽  
Melanie Darstein ◽  
Thomas J. Feuerstein ◽  
T. Otto ◽  
G. Bernhard Landwehrmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Receptor Subunit ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Aspartate Receptor
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