Macular Pigment and Visual Performance in Glare: Benefits for Photostress Recovery, Disability Glare, and Visual Discomfort

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 7406 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Stringham ◽  
Paul V. Garcia ◽  
Peter A. Smith ◽  
Leon N. McLin ◽  
Brian K. Foutch
Keyword(s):  
Macular Pigment ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Visual Discomfort ◽  
Disability Glare

Macular Pigment and Visual Performance in Low-Light Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Stringham ◽  
Paul V. Garcia ◽  
Peter A. Smith ◽  
Paul L. Hiers ◽  
Leon N. McLin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Pigment ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light

The Accuracy of Drivers' Judgments of the Effects of Headlight Glare on Their Own Visual Acuity

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7814 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1203-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley A Stafford Sewall ◽  
Stephanie A Whetsel Borzendowski ◽  
Richard A Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
High Beam ◽  
Disability Glare ◽  
Landolt C

Drivers' judgments of the magnitude of disability glare caused by high-beam headlights may not match actual declines in visual performance. This study investigated younger and older drivers' beliefs about their own visual performance in the presence of headlight glare. Eleven older drivers and seventeen younger drivers judged the distance at which they would just be able to recognize the orientation of a white Landolt C if it were present adjacent to the headlamps of a stationary opposing vehicle at night. The younger participants were generally accurate in their estimates of the recognition distance of the stimulus, while older participants significantly overestimated both their own acuity and the effect of glare on their vision. From this study, we see that older drivers' judgments about the disabling effects of oncoming headlights may be systematically inaccurate. These misperceptions about headlight glare may help explain why drivers tend to underuse high beams.

scholarly journals Roadway Lighting’s Effect on Pedestrian Safety at Intersection and Midblock Crosswalks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaram Bhagavathula ◽  
◽  
Ronald Gibbons ◽  
Andrew Kassing ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pedestrian Detection ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Disability Glare ◽  
Safety Countermeasures ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

This study evaluates the visual performance of four intersection lighting designs and five midblock crosswalk lighting designs along with two pedestrian safety countermeasures (rectangular rapid flashing beacons and flashing signs) at three light levels. The study involved a pedestrian detection task, which was completed at night on a realistic roadway intersection and a midblock crosswalk. The results from the study showed that driver nighttime visual performance at intersection and midblock crosswalks was influenced by the lighting design and light level. Intersections should be illuminated to an average horizontal illuminance of 14 lux (1.3 fc). This light level ensures optimal visibility of pedestrians regardless of the lighting design (or luminaire layout) of the intersection. The average horizontal illuminance of 14 lux (1.3 fc) also increases the visibility of pedestrians when glare from oncoming vehicles is present. The 14 lux (1.3 fc) average horizontal illuminance is valid for all lighting designs evaluated except the lighting design that illuminated the exits of the intersection. When the exits of the intersection are illuminated, an average horizontal illuminance of 24 lux (2.2 fc) is needed to offset the disability glare from opposing vehicles. Midblock crosswalks should be illuminated to an average vertical illuminance of 10 lux (0.9 fc) to ensure optimal pedestrian visibility. Where overhead lighting is available, midblock crosswalk lighting designs that render the pedestrian in positive contrast are recommended. Where overhead lighting is not available, crosswalk illuminators can be used to illuminate midblock crosswalks. At night, pedestrian crossing treatments such as rectangular rapid flashing beacons and flashing signs should not be used for pedestrian visibility at midblock crosswalks. Pedestrians crossing treatments should be used in conjunction with overhead lighting or crosswalk illuminators at the established vertical illuminance to ensure optimal pedestrian visibility at midblock crosswalks.

Reduced Contrast Sensitivity Function in Central and Peripheral Vision by Disability Glare

Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1348-1361
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Pengbo Xu ◽  
Kewei Sun ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Sensitivity Function ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity Function ◽  
Central Vision ◽  
Disability Glare

Various glares can decrease visual performance and cause discomfort, thus increasing drivers’ risk for traffic accidents in real life. The current study aimed to systematically investigate glare sensitivity in the central and peripheral visual fields by measuring contrast sensitivity function (CSF) under nonglare, steady glare, and transient glare conditions. Nine observers with normal visual acuity in the dominant eye were enrolled. The CSF in central and peripheral vision (the 5° upper left visual field) was measured in a mesopic environment while the stimulus was displayed under three conditions: nonglare, steady glare, and transient glare. An orientation identification task was used to obtain the CSF. After the experiment, the observers were asked to report their level of discomfort in the presence of the glare. The area under the log CSF (AULCSF) and cut-off spatial frequency served as indicators of visual performance. In agreement with previous studies, both steady and transient glare reduced the AULCSF and cut-off frequency. However, the AULCSF and cut-off frequency were reduced more for central vision than for nearly peripheral vision. In addition, the extent of the decreases in the AULCSF and cut-off frequency was greater for steady glare than for transient glare; in contrast, more discomfort was associated with transient glare than steady glare.

scholarly journals ON SENSITIVITY TO GLARE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MACULAR PIGMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Jain ◽  
Jan Wienold ◽  
Marilyne Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Macular Pigment ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Discomfort Glare ◽  
Glare Sensitivity

Current trends in discomfort glare research have suggested the influence of physiological parameters on individual glare perception. To this end, we hypothesize that a specific ocular physiology characteristic, namely the macular pigment (MP) in the retina, could have an influence on glare sensitivity, encouraged by recent findings from the literature that have shown that high MP levels were indicative of better visual performance. This study investigates whether a person’s sensitivity to glare could be somehow correlated to their macular pigment optical density (MPOD). We measured MPOD in 56 participants and compared it with their discomfort glare thresholds, which were determined psychophysically by exposing the participants to a series of lighting conditions varying in intensity. We found that the influence of MPOD on glare sensitivity is borderline significant with small effect size but does not follow intuition. Additional data will be required to validate and refine these initial findings.

scholarly journals Macular pigment and its contribution to visual performance and experience

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Loughman ◽  
Peter A. Davison ◽  
John M. Nolan ◽  
Mukunda C. Akkali ◽  
Stephen Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Macular Pigment ◽  
Visual Performance
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