Mosaic Regularity of Horizontal Cells in the Mouse Retina Is Independent of Cone Photoreceptor Innervation

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Raven ◽  
Benjamin E. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor

scholarly journals Local signals in mouse horizontal cell dendrites

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille A. Chapot ◽  
Christian Behrens ◽  
Luke E. Rogerson ◽  
Tom Baden ◽  
Sinziana Pop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Gabaergic Interneuron ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Cone Photoreceptors ◽  
Temporal Properties

SummaryThe mouse retina contains a single type of horizontal cell, a GABAergic interneuron that samples from all cone photoreceptors within reach and modulates their glutamatergic output via parallel feedback mechanisms. Because horizontal cells form an electrically-coupled network, they have been implicated in global signal processing, such as large scale contrast enhancement. Recently, it has been proposed that horizontal cells can also act locally at the level of individual cone photoreceptors. To test this possibility physiologically, we used two-photon microscopy to record light stimulus-evoked Ca2+signals in cone axon terminals and horizontal cell dendrites as well as glutamate release in the outer plexiform layer. By selectively stimulating the two mouse cone opsins with green and UV light, we assessed whether signals from individual cones remain “isolated” within horizontal cell dendritic tips, or whether they spread across the dendritic arbour. Consistent with the mouse‘s opsin expression gradient, we found that the Ca2+signals recorded from dendrites of dorsal horizontal cells were dominated by M- and those of ventral horizontal cells by S-opsin activation. The signals measured in neighbouring horizontal cell dendritic tips varied markedly in their chromatic preference, arguing against global processing. Rather, our experimental data and results from biophysically realistic modelling support the idea that horizontal cells can process cone input locally, extending the “classical” view of horizontal cells function. Pharmacologically removing horizontal cells from the circuitry reduced the sensitivity of the cone signal to low frequencies, suggesting that local horizontal cell feedback shapes the temporal properties of cone output.HighlightsLight-evoked Ca2+signals in horizontal cell dendrites reflect opsin gradientChromatic preferences in neighbouring dendritic tips vary markedlyMouse horizontal cells process cone photoreceptor input locallyLocal horizontal cell feedback shapes the temporal properties of cone outputeTOC BlurbChapot et al. show that local light responses in mouse horizontal cell dendrites inherit properties, including chromatic preference, from the presynaptic cone photoreceptor, suggesting that their dendrites can provide “private” feedback to cones, for instance, to shape the temporal filtering properties of the cone synapse.

scholarly journals A QTL on Chromosome 10 Modulates Cone Photoreceptor Number in the Mouse Retina

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene E. Whitney ◽  
Mary A. Raven ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Robert W. Williams ◽  
Benjamin E. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Chromosome 10

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Unilateral Peripheral Cone Dysfunction Syndrome: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Soichi Tetsuka ◽  
Aya Yamaguchi ◽  
Chieko Kobashi ◽  
Tomomi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Visual Field Testing ◽  
Cone Dysfunction ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction: To report a case of unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome and evaluate the associated clinicopathological changes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Case Presentation: A 39-year-old Japanese woman reported a visual field defect of 2-years duration in the right eye. The patient underwent visual field testing, full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG), SS-OCT, and a routine ophthalmologic examination. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally. The funduscopy examination was normal bilaterally. Visual field testing showed a relative paracentral scotoma in the right eye. SS-OCT scans showed an unclear interdigitation zone (IZ) throughout the posterior pole except for the foveal zone in the right eye. SS-OCT macular analysis showed thinning of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) corresponding to the region of the IZ defect. ff-ERG showed almost normal flash ERGs and normal rod responses bilaterally. The cone response and flicker ERG response were decreased markedly only in the right eye. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome in which SS-OCT showed pathological changes in the GCL and IPL. The OCT findings corresponded well to the ERG changes and visual field abnormality. Because foveolar cone photoreceptor cells are connected in a one-to-one correspondence to retinal ganglion cells without connection to the horizontal cells or amacrine cells, the GCL and IPL were not present in the fovea. Based on this analysis, we speculated that the primary lesion of peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome is not in the cone photoreceptor cells but in the horizontal cells and/or amacrine cells. The clinicopathological changes in the ganglion cells and cone photoreceptor cells might be the subsequent pathologies in the horizontal cells in peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome.

Electrophysiological Properties of Mouse Horizontal Cell GABAA Receptors

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 2789-2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Feigenspan ◽  
Reto Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Horizontal Cell ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Open Probability ◽  
Steady State Current ◽  
Single Channel Currents

GABA-induced currents have been characterized in isolated horizontal cells from lower vertebrates but not in mammalian horizontal cells. Therefore horizontal cells were isolated after enzymatical and mechanical dissociation of the adult mouse retina and visually identified. We recorded from horizontal cell bodies using the whole cell and outside-out configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Extracellular application of GABA induced inward currents carried by chloride ions. GABA-evoked currents were completely and reversibly blocked by the competitive GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (IC50 = 1.7 μM), indicating expression of GABAA but not GABAC receptors. Their affinity for GABA was moderate (EC50 = 30 μM), and the Hill coefficient was 1.3, corresponding to two GABA binding sites. GABA responses were partially reduced by picrotoxin with differential effects on peak and steady-state current values. Zinc blocked the GABA response with an IC50 value of 7.3 μM in a noncompetitive manner. Furthermore, GABA receptors of horizontal cells were modulated by extracellular application of diazepam, zolpidem, methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-β-carboxylate, pentobarbital, and alphaxalone, thus showing typical pharmacological properties of CNS GABAA receptors. GABA-evoked single-channel currents were characterized by a main conductance state of 29.8 pS and two subconductance states (20.2 and 10.8 pS, respectively). Kinetic analysis of single-channel events within bursts revealed similar mean open and closed times for the main conductance and the 20.2-pS subconductance state, resulting in open probabilities of 44.6 and 42.7%, respectively. The ratio of open to closed times, however, was significantly different for the 10.8-pS subconductance state with an open probability of 57.2%.

Signal transmission at invaginating cone photoreceptor synaptic contacts following deletion of the presynaptic cytomatrix protein Bassoon in mouse retina

2019 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. e13241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Babai ◽  
Kaspar Gierke ◽  
Tanja Müller ◽  
Hanna Regus‐Leidig ◽  
Johann H. Brandstätter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Synaptic Contacts

scholarly journals Pou2f1 and Pou2f2 cooperate to control the timing of cone photoreceptor production in the developing mouse retina

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (18) ◽  
pp. dev188730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awais Javed ◽  
Pierre Mattar ◽  
Suying Lu ◽  
Kamil Kruczek ◽  
Magdalena Kloc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Temporal Window ◽  
General Role ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Regulatory Cascade ◽  
The People ◽  
Temporal Identity

ABSTRACTMultipotent retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) generate various cell types in a precise chronological order, but how exactly cone photoreceptor production is restricted to early stages remains unclear. Here, we show that the POU-homeodomain factors Pou2f1/Pou2f2, the homologs of Drosophila temporal identity factors nub/pdm2, regulate the timely production of cones in mice. Forcing sustained expression of Pou2f1 or Pou2f2 in RPCs expands the period of cone production, whereas misexpression in late-stage RPCs triggers ectopic cone production at the expense of late-born fates. Mechanistically, we report that Pou2f1 induces Pou2f2 expression, which binds to a POU motif in the promoter of the rod-inducing factor Nrl to repress its expression. Conversely, conditional inactivation of Pou2f2 in RPCs increases Nrl expression and reduces cone production. Finally, we provide evidence that Pou2f1 is part of a cross-regulatory cascade with the other temporal identity factors Ikzf1 and Casz1. These results uncover Pou2f1/2 as regulators of the temporal window for cone genesis and, given their widespread expression in the nervous system, raise the possibility of a general role in temporal patterning.This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.

scholarly journals Light-mediated planar polarization of cone photoreceptor cilia contributes to visual acuity in mammals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Housset ◽  
Dominic Filion ◽  
Nelson Cortes ◽  
Hojatollah Vali ◽  
Craig Mandato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
G Protein Signaling ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Mammalian Retina ◽  
Fly Eye

Planar cell polarity (PCP) is essential to optimize information processing and functional response in many tissues. While the fly eye is a classic example of PCP, it remains unknown whether PCP exists in the mammalian retina and whether it plays a part in vision. Here we used 3D reconstructions of the mouse retina to show that the basal body of cone photoreceptor cilia, but not rods, is systematically located on the side of the cell facing the centre of the retina. We further show that light is required during a critical window of development to establish cone PCP, and that both cone transducin and the G-protein signaling modulator protein 2 are required to mediate this effect. Importantly, we report that disruption of cone PCP impairs visual acuity. This work uncovers a non-canonical PCP pathway, mediated by light, and identifies cone PCP as a feature supporting mammalian vision.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Unilateral Peripheral Cone Dysfunction Syndrome: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Soichi Tetsuka ◽  
Aya Yamaguchi ◽  
Chieko Kobashi ◽  
Tomomi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Cone Dystrophy ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Cone Dysfunction ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction: To report a case of unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome and evaluate associated clinicopathological changes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Case Presentation: A 39-year-old Japanese woman reported a visual field defect of 2-years duration in the right eye. The patient underwent visual field testing, full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG), SS-OCT, and a routine ophthalmologic examination. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally. The funduscopy examination was normal bilaterally. Visual field testing showed a relative paracentral scotoma in the right eye. SS-OCT scans showed an unclear interdigitation zone (IZ) throughout the posterior pole except for the foveal zone in the right eye. SS-OCT macular analysis showed thinning of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) corresponding to the region of the IZ defect. ff-ERG showed almost normal flash ERGs and normal rod responses bilaterally. The cone response and flicker ERG were decreased markedly only in the right eye. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome in which SS-OCT showed pathological changes in the GCL and IPL. The OCT findings corresponded well to the ERG changes and visual field abnormality. Because foveal cone photoreceptor cells are connected in a one-to-one correspondence to retinal ganglion cells without connection to the horizontal cells or amacrine cells, the GCL and IPL were not present in the fovea. Based on this analysis, we speculated that the primary lesion of peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome is not in the cone photoreceptor cells but in the horizontal cells and/or amacrine cells. The clinicopathological changes in the ganglion cells and cone photoreceptor cells might be the subsequent pathologies in the horizontal cells in peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome. Keywords: Cone dystrophy; Ganglion cell complex; Swept-source optical coherence tomography; Peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome; Peripheral cone dystrophy.

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