scholarly journals Role of area MSTd in cue integration for heading discrimination: I. Comparison of neuronal and psychophysical sensitivity to visual and vestibular cues

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gu ◽  
D. E. Angelaki ◽  
G. C. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Cue Integration ◽  
Vestibular Cues

The Role of Stereo Vision in Visual–Vestibular Integration

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Butler ◽  
Jennifer L. Campos ◽  
Heinrich H. Bülthoff ◽  
Stuart T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stereo Vision ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Cue Integration ◽  
Optimal Integration ◽  
Vestibular Cues ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Heading Estimation ◽  
Self Motion

AbstractSelf-motion through an environment stimulates several sensory systems, including the visual system and the vestibular system. Recent work in heading estimation has demonstrated that visual and vestibular cues are typically integrated in a statistically optimal manner, consistent with Maximum Likelihood Estimation predictions. However, there has been some indication that cue integration may be affected by characteristics of the visual stimulus. Therefore, the current experiment evaluated whether presenting optic flow stimuli stereoscopically, or presenting both eyes with the same image (binocularly) affects combined visual–vestibular heading estimates. Participants performed a two-interval forced-choice task in which they were asked which of two presented movements was more rightward. They were presented with either visual cues alone, vestibular cues alone or both cues combined. Measures of reliability were obtained for both binocular and stereoscopic conditions. Group level analyses demonstrated that when stereoscopic information was available there was clear evidence of optimal integration, yet when only binocular information was available weaker evidence of cue integration was observed. Exploratory individual analyses demonstrated that for the stereoscopic condition 90% of participants exhibited optimal integration, whereas for the binocular condition only 60% of participants exhibited results consistent with optimal integration. Overall, these findings suggest that stereo vision may be important for self-motion perception, particularly under combined visual–vestibular conditions.

scholarly journals Concurrent Multisensory Integration and Segregation with Complementary Congruent and Opposite Neurons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hao Zhang ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Aihua Chen ◽  
Yong Gu ◽  
Tai Sing Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Cue Integration ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Heading Direction ◽  
Vestibular Cues ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Our brain perceives the world by exploiting multiple sensory modalities to extract information about various aspects of external stimuli. If these sensory cues are from the same stimulus of interest, they should be integrated to improve perception; otherwise, they should be segregated to distinguish different stimuli. In reality, however, the brain faces the challenge of recognizing stimuli without knowing in advance whether sensory cues come from the same or different stimuli. To address this challenge and to recognize stimuli rapidly, we argue that the brain should carry out multisensory integration and segregation concurrently with complementary neuron groups. Studying an example of inferring heading-direction via visual and vestibular cues, we develop a concurrent multisensory processing neural model which consists of two reciprocally connected modules, the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) and the ventral intraparietal area (VIP), and that at each module, there exists two distinguishing groups of neurons, congruent and opposite neurons. Specifically, congruent neurons implement cue integration, while opposite neurons compute the cue disparity, both optimally as described by Bayesian inference. The two groups of neurons provide complementary information which enables the neural system to assess the validity of cue integration and, if necessary, to recover the lost information associated with individual cues without re-gathering new inputs. Through this process, the brain achieves rapid stimulus perception if the cues come from the same stimulus of interest, and differentiates and recognizes stimuli based on individual cues with little time delay if the cues come from different stimuli of interest. Our study unveils the indispensable role of opposite neurons in multisensory processing and sheds light on our understanding of how the brain achieves multisensory processing efficiently and rapidly.Significance StatementOur brain perceives the world by exploiting multiple sensory cues. These cues need to be integrated to improve perception if they come from the same stimulus and otherwise be segregated. To address the challenge of recognizing whether sensory cues come from the same or different stimuli that are unknown in advance, we propose that the brain should carry out multisensory integration and segregation concurrently with two different neuron groups. Specifically, congruent neurons implement cue integration, while opposite neurons compute the cue disparity, and the interplay between them achieves rapid stimulus recognition without information loss. We apply our model to the example of inferring heading-direction based on visual and vestibular cues and reproduce the experimental data successfully.

Role of vestibular adaptation in vestibular rehabilitation

1998 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Reflex Modification ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
Vestibular Cues

Recovery of gaze and postural stability in human beings with vestibular deficits is well documented. The mechanisms that contribute to this recovery form the basis for the exercises used in the rehabilitation of these patients. These mechanisms include the central preprogramming of eye movements and of postural responses, the potentiation of the cervico-ocular reflex, modification of saccadic eye movements, and the substitution of visual and somatosensory cues for the lost vestibular cues. The mechanism most successful in contributing to recovery, however, is probably adaptation of the vestibular system itself. Understanding the various compensatory mechanisms and their limitations for improving gaze and postural stability should lead to more effective treatment of these patients. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;119:49–54.)

Prediction, explanation, and the role of generative models in language processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Farmer ◽  
Meredith Brown ◽  
Michael K. Tanenhaus
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Cue Integration ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Adaptation Effects

AbstractWe propose, following Clark, that generative models also play a central role in the perception and interpretation of linguistic signals. The data explanation approach provides a rationale for the role of prediction in language processing and unifies a number of phenomena, including multiple-cue integration, adaptation effects, and cortical responses to violations of linguistic expectations.

scholarly journals The role of default mode network in semantic cue integration

NeuroImage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 117019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilla Lanzoni ◽  
Daniela Ravasio ◽  
Hannah Thompson ◽  
Deniz Vatansever ◽  
Daniel Margulies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Cue Integration ◽  
Default Mode

scholarly journals The role of vestibular cues in postural sway

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-686
Author(s):  
Faisal Karmali ◽  
Adam D. Goodworth ◽  
Yulia Valko ◽  
Tania Leeder ◽  
Robert J. Peterka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Lateral Translation ◽  
Vestibular Cues ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Vestibular Pathology

Vestibular feedback is important for postural control, but little is known about the role of tilt cues vs. translation cues vs. rotation cues. We studied healthy human subjects with no known vestibular pathology or symptoms. Our findings showed that vestibular encoding of lateral translation correlated with medial-lateral postural sway, consistent with lateral translation cues contributing to balance control. This adds support to the hypothesis that vestibular noise contributes to spontaneous postural sway.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor
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