scholarly journals Role of area MSTd in cue integration for heading discrimination: II. Analysis of correlations between neural responses and perceptual decisions

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 408-408
Author(s):  
G. C. DeAngelis ◽  
Y. Gu ◽  
D. E. Angelaki
Keyword(s):  
Cue Integration ◽  
Neural Responses

scholarly journals Neural mechanisms underlying regulation of empathy and altruism by beliefs of others' pain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Shihui Han
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Subjective Estimation ◽  
Show Evidence

Perceived cues signaling others' pain induce empathy that in turn motivates altruistic behavior toward those who appear suffering. This perception-emotion-behavior reactivity is the core of human altruism but does not always occur in real life situations. Here, by integrating behavioral and multimodal neuroimaging measures, we investigate neural mechanisms underlying the functional role of beliefs of others' pain in modulating empathy and altruism. We show evidence that decreasing (or enhancing) beliefs of others' pain reduces (or increases) subjective estimation of others' painful emotional states and monetary donations to those who show pain expressions. Moreover, decreasing beliefs of others' pain attenuates neural responses to perceived cues signaling others' pain within 200 ms after stimulus onset and modulate neural responses to others' pain in the frontal cortices and temporoparietal junction. Our findings highlight beliefs of others' pain as a fundamental cognitive basis of human empathy and altruism and unravel the intermediate neural architecture.

Role of BK Channels in Murine Carotid Body Neural Responses in vivo

2015 ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Pichard ◽  
C. M. Crainiceanu ◽  
P. Pashai ◽  
E. W. Kostuk ◽  
A. Fujioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Neural Responses

scholarly journals Neural responses to social evaluation: The role of fear of positive and negative evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 102114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Birk ◽  
Arielle Horenstein ◽  
Justin Weeks ◽  
Thomas Olino ◽  
Richard Heimberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Social Evaluation

scholarly journals The Role of Social Power in Neural Responses to Others’ Pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueling Ma ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Entao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Power ◽  
Neural Responses

scholarly journals Role of K+ channels in the modulation of cholinergic neural responses in guinea-pig and human airways.

1992 ◽  
Vol 455 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Miura ◽  
M G Belvisi ◽  
C D Stretton ◽  
M H Yacoub ◽  
P J Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Human Airways

scholarly journals Distracting stimuli evoke ventral tegmental area responses in rats during ongoing saccharin consumption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Z Peters ◽  
Andrew M J Young ◽  
James E McCutcheon
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Licking Behaviour ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Ventral Tegmental ◽  
Adaptive Behaviours ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractDisruptions in attention, salience and increased distractibility are implicated in multiple psychiatric conditions. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a potential site for converging information about external stimuli and internal states to be integrated and guide adaptive behaviours. Given the dual role of dopamine signals in both driving ongoing behaviours (e.g. feeding) and monitoring salient environmental stimuli, understanding the interaction between these functions is crucial. Here we investigate VTA neuronal activity during distraction from ongoing feeding. We developed a task to assess distraction exploiting self-paced licking in rats. Rats trained to lick for saccharin were given a distraction test, in which three consecutive licks within 1 second triggered a random distractor (e.g. light and tone stimulus). On each trial they were quantified as distracted or not based on the length of their pauses in licking behaviour. We expressed GCaMP6s in VTA neurons and used fibre photometry to record calcium fluctuations during this task as a proxy for neuronal activity. Distractor stimuli caused rats to interrupt their consumption of saccharin, a behavioural effect which quickly habituated with repeat testing. VTA neural activity showed consistent increases to distractor presentations and, furthermore, these responses were greater on distracted trials compared to non-distracted trials. Interestingly, neural responses show a slower habituation than behaviour with consistent VTA responses seen to distractors even after they are no longer distracting. These data highlight the complex role of the VTA in maintaining ongoing appetitive and consummatory behaviours while also monitoring the environment for salient stimuli.

scholarly journals Alertness fluctuations during task performance modulate cortical evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdas Noreika ◽  
Marc R. Kamke ◽  
Andrés Canales-Johnson ◽  
Srivas Chennu ◽  
Tristan A. Bekinschtein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations

ABSTRACTTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used in human cognitive neuroscience to examine the causal role of distinct cortical areas in perceptual, cognitive and motor functions. However, it is widely acknowledged that the effects of focal cortical stimulation on behaviour can vary substantially between participants and even from trial to trial within individuals. Here we asked whether spontaneous fluctuations in alertness can account for the variability in behavioural and neurophysiological responses to TMS. We combined single-pulse TMS with neural recording via electroencephalography (EEG) to quantify changes in motor and cortical reactivity with fluctuating levels of alertness defined objectively on the basis of ongoing brain activity. We observed rapid, non-linear changes in TMS-evoked neural responses – specifically, motor evoked potentials and TMS-evoked cortical potentials – as EEG activity indicated decreasing levels of alertness, even while participants remained awake and responsive in the behavioural task.IMPACT STATEMENTA substantial proportion of inter-trial variability in neurophysiological responses to TMS is due to spontaneous fluctuations in alertness, which should be controlled for during experimental and clinical applications of TMS.

scholarly journals Neural Responses of Benefiting From the Prosocial Exchange: The Effect of Helping Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Olivo ◽  
Andrea Di Ciano ◽  
Jessica Mauro ◽  
Lucia Giudetti ◽  
Alan Pampallona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
Visual Cortices

Prosocial behavior is critical for the natural development of an individual as well as for promoting social relationships. Although this complex behavior results from gratuitous acts occurring between an agent and a recipient and a wealth of literature on prosocial behavior has investigated these actions, little is known about the effects on the recipient and the neurobiology underlying them. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify neural correlates of receiving prosocial behavior in the context of real-world experiences, with different types of action provided by the agent, including practical help and effort appreciation. Practical help was associated with increased activation in a network of regions spanning across bilateral superior temporal sulcus, temporoparietal junction, temporal pole, and medial prefrontal cortex. Effort appreciation was associated with activation and increased task-modulated connectivity of the occipital cortex. Prosocial-dependent brain responses were associated with positive affect. Our results support the role of the theory of mind network and the visual cortices in mediating the positive effects of receiving gratuitous help. Moreover, they indicate that specific types of prosocial behavior are mediated by distinct brain networks, which further demonstrates the uniqueness of the psychological processes underlying prosocial actions.

Enhanced Striatal Sensitivity to Aversive Reinforcement in Adolescents versus Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Galván ◽  
Kristine M. McGlennen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Aversive Stimulus ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Negative Factors

Neurodevelopmental changes in mesolimbic regions are associated with adolescent risk-taking behavior. Numerous studies have shown exaggerated activation in the striatum in adolescents compared with children and adults during reward processing. However, striatal sensitivity to aversion remains elusive. Given the important role of the striatum in tracking both appetitive and aversive events, addressing this question is critical to understanding adolescent decision-making, as both positive and negative factors contribute to this behavior. In this study, human adult and adolescent participants performed a task in which they received squirts of appetitive or aversive liquid while undergoing fMRI, a novel approach in human adolescents. Compared with adults, adolescents showed greater behavioral and striatal sensitivity to both appetitive and aversive stimuli, an effect that was exaggerated in response to delivery of the aversive stimulus. Collectively, these findings contribute to understanding how neural responses to positive and negative outcomes differ between adolescents and adults and how they may influence adolescent behavior.

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