scholarly journals The role of the thalamus in conveying efference copy information

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 647-647
Author(s):  
C. Bellebaum ◽  
L. Lunenberger ◽  
B. Koch ◽  
I. Daum ◽  
M. Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efference Copy

scholarly journals The role of efference copy in saccadic adaptation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 496-496
Author(s):  
T. Collins ◽  
J. Wallman
Keyword(s):  
Efference Copy ◽  
Saccadic Adaptation

scholarly journals Encoding of 3D Head Orienting Movements in Primary Visual Cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigori Guitchounts ◽  
Javier Masis ◽  
Steffen BE Wolff ◽  
David Cox
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Efference Copy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Specific Manner

AbstractAnimals actively sample from the sensory world by generating complex patterns of movement that evolve in three dimensions. At least some of these movements have been shown to influence neural codes in sensory areas. For example, in primary visual cortex (V1), locomotion-related neural activity influences sensory gain, encodes running speed, and predicts the direction of visual flow. As most experiments exploring movement-related modulation of V1 have been performed in head-fixed animals, it remains unclear whether or how the naturalistic movements used to interact with sensory stimuli– like head orienting–influence visual processing. Here we show that 3D head orienting movements modulate V1 neuronal activity in a direction-specific manner that also depends on the presence or absence of light. We identify two largely independent populations of movement-direction-tuned neurons that support this modulation, one of which is direction-tuned in the dark and the other in the light. Finally, we demonstrate that V1 gains access to a motor efference copy related to orientation from secondary motor cortex, which has been shown to control head orienting movements. These results suggest a mechanism through which sensory signals generated by purposeful movement can be distinguished from those arising in the outside world, and reveal a pervasive role of 3D movement in shaping sensory cortical dynamics.

The role of “prespecification” in an embodied cognition

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Efference Copy ◽  
Original Formulation

Grush makes extensive use of von Holst and Mittelstaedt's (1950) efference copy hypothesis. Although his embellishment of the model is admirably more sophisticated than that of its progenitors, I argue that it still suffers from the same conceptual limitations as entailed in its original formulation.

Illusions of Force Perception: The Role of Sensori-Motor Predictions, Visual Information, and Motor Errors

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 3305-3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Diedrichsen ◽  
Timothy Verstynen ◽  
Andrew Hon ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Richard B. Ivry
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Efference Copy ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Postural Response ◽  
Virtual Reality System ◽  
Force Perception ◽  
Information Signaling ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
Fast Adaptation

Internal predictions influence the perception of force. When we support an object with one hand and lift it up with the other, we expect the force to disappear from the first, postural hand. In a virtual reality system, we violated this prediction by maintaining the force on the postural hand, whereas the object was still seen and felt to be lifted by the lifting hand. In this situation, participants perceived an illusionary increase in force on the postural hand, which was, in reality, constant. We test three possible mechanisms of how force perception may be influenced in this context. First, we showed that part of the illusion can be linked to a sensorimotor prediction—the predicted sensory consequences based on an efference copy of the lifting action. The illusion is reduced when the object is lifted by an external force. We also showed that the illusion changes on a trial-by-trial basis, paralleling the fast adaptation of the postural response. Second, motor errors that arise from a miscalibrated forward model do not contribute to the illusion; the illusion was unchanged even when we prevented motor errors by supporting the postural hand. Finally, visual information signaling the removal of the object is sufficient to elicit part of the illusion. These results argue that both sensorimotor predictions and visual object information, but not motor errors, influence force perception.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

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