scholarly journals A new kind of global stereopsis: The ability to determine slant or occlusion from patterns of horizontal disparity

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
B. Gillam ◽  
P. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Disparity ◽  
Global Stereopsis

The Interpretation of Stereo-Disparity Information: The Computation of Surface Orientation and Depth

Perception ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Surface Orientation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Patch ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Horizontal Disparity ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Local Surface ◽  
Stereo Disparity ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Perceptual Phenomenon

Two methods for interpreting disparity information are described. Neither requires extraretinal information to scale for distance: one method uses horizontal disparities to solve for the viewing distance, the other uses the vertical disparities. Method 1 requires the assumption that the disparities derive from a locally planar surface. Then from the horizontal disparities measured at four retinal locations the viewing distance and the equation of local surface ‘patch’ can be obtained. Method 2 does not need this assumption. The vertical disparities are first used to obtain the values of the gaze and viewing distance. These are then used to interpret the horizontal disparity information. An algorithm implementing the methods has been tested and is found to be subject to a perceptual phenomenon known as the ‘induced effect’.

Infants Perceive Three-Dimensional Subjective Contours

Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1153-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kavšek ◽  
Stephanie Braun
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Illusory Effect ◽  
Horizontal Disparity ◽  
Illusory Contours ◽  
Kanizsa Figure

The addition of crossed horizontal disparity enhances the clarity of illusory contours compared to pictorial illusory contours and illusory contours with uncrossed horizontal disparity. Two infant-controlled habituation–dishabituation experiments explored the presence of this effect in infants 5 months of age. Experiment 1 examined whether infants are able to distinguish between a Kanizsa figure with crossed horizontal disparity and a Kanizsa figure with uncrossed horizontal disparity. Experiment 2 tested infants for their ability to differentiate between a Kanizsa figure with crossed horizontal disparity and a two-dimensional Kanizsa figure. The results provided evidence that the participants perceived the two- and the three-dimensional illusory Kanizsa contour, the illusory effect in which was strengthened by the addition of crossed horizontal disparity.

Global Stereopsis

1988 ◽  
pp. 427-430
Author(s):  
B. Julesz
Keyword(s):  
Global Stereopsis

Binocular visual processing in the owl’s telencephalon

1979 ◽  
Vol 204 (1157) ◽  
pp. 435-454 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Global Stereopsis ◽  
Orientation Movement

Single neurons recorded from the owl’s visual Wulst are surprisingly similar to those found in mammalian striate cortex. The receptive fields of Wulst neurons are elaborated, in an apparently hierarchical fashion,from those of their monocular, concentrically organized inputs to produce binocular interneurons with increasingly sophisticated requirements for stimulus orientation, movement and binocular disparity. Output neurons located in the superficial laminae of the Wulst are the most sophisticated of all, with absolute requirements for a combination of stimuli, which include binocular presentation at a particular horizontal binocular dis­parity, and with no response unless all of the stimulus conditions are satisfied simultaneously. Such neurons have the properties required for ‘global stereopsis,’ including a receptive field size many times larger than their optimal stimulus, which is more closely matched to the receptive fields of the simpler, disparity-selective interneurons. These marked similarities in functional organization between the avian and mammalian systems exist in spite of a number of structural differences which reflect their separate evolutionary origins. Discussion therefore includes the possibility that there may exist for nervous systems only a very small number of possible solutions, perhaps a unique one, to the problem of stereopsis.

Gain of Human Torsional Optokinetic Nystagmus Depends on Horizontal Disparity

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Noriaki Washio ◽  
Yasuo Suzuki ◽  
Masahiro Sawa ◽  
Kenji Ohtsuka
Keyword(s):  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Horizontal Disparity

Global stereopsis in human albinos

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1359-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Apkarian ◽  
Dirk Reits
Keyword(s):  
Global Stereopsis

A New Random-Dot Stereo Illusion and its Application to the Anstis–Howard–Rogers Effect

Perception ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-553
Author(s):  
James Thomas Enright
Keyword(s):  
Geometrical Optics ◽  
Visual Noise ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Dynamic Visual Noise ◽  
Residual Component ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Global Stereopsis ◽  
Stable Surfaces ◽  
Local Depth

When the dynamic visual noise of an untuned television set is viewed with image defocusing (positive lenses) and with a narrow vertical obstruction partially blocking the pupil of one eye, the video ‘snow’ seems to separate into two stable surfaces at different depths, divided by a vertical discontinuity. The main features of this illusion can be quantitatively accounted for in terms of the optics of defocused images and the retinal disparities predicted from blur circles. A residual component of the illusion, however, which was perceived by a majority of subjects, cannot be readily explained by geometrical optics; it apparently reflects a more subtle aspect in the processing of visual images, corresponding to the Anstis–Howard–Rogers stereo-effect, in which local depth configurations can bias global stereopsis. Several novel aspects of that effect are described, based on use of this obstructed-pupil illusion as the evoking stimulus.

scholarly journals Understanding the Cortical Specialization for Horizontal Disparity

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1983-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny C.A. Read ◽  
Bruce G. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Tuning ◽  
Horizontal Disparity ◽  
Vertical Disparity ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Relative Response ◽  
Response Range ◽  
Divisive Normalization ◽  
Identical Position ◽  
Recent Experimental Work ◽  
To Receive

Because the eyes are displaced horizontally, binocular vision is inherently anisotropic. Recent experimental work has uncovered evidence of this anisotropy in primary visual cortex (V1): neurons respond over a wider range of horizontal than vertical disparity, regardless of their orientation tuning. This probably reflects the horizontally elongated distribution of two-dimensional disparity experienced by the visual system, but it conflicts with all existing models of disparity selectivity, in which the relative response range to vertical and horizontal disparities is determined by the preferred orientation. Potentially, this discrepancy could require us to abandon the widely held view that processing in V1 neurons is initially linear. Here, we show that these new experimental data can be reconciled with an initial linear stage; we present two physiologically plausible ways of extending existing models to achieve this. First, we allow neurons to receive input from multiple binocular subunits with different position disparities (previous models have assumed all subunits have identical position and phase disparity). Then we incorporate a form of divisive normalization, which has successfully explained many response properties of V1 neurons but has not previously been incorporated into a model of disparity selectivity. We show that either of these mechanisms decouples disparity tuning from orientation tuning and discuss how the models could be tested experimentally. This represents the first explanation of how the cortical specialization for horizontal disparity may be achieved.

Orientation preference and horizontal disparity sensitivity in the monkey visual cortex

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gonzalez ◽  
Maria A. Bermudez ◽  
Ana F. Vicente ◽  
Maria C. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Horizontal Disparity ◽  
Orientation Preference ◽  
Monkey Visual Cortex
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