scholarly journals Motion processing in Williams syndrome: Evidence against a general dorsal stream deficit

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 288-288
Author(s):  
J. E. Reiss ◽  
J. E. Hoffman ◽  
B. Landau
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Motion Processing

Dorsal-stream motion processing deficits persist into adulthood in Williams syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Atkinson ◽  
Oliver Braddick ◽  
Fredric E. Rose ◽  
Yvonne M. Searcy ◽  
John Wattam-Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Processing Deficits

Neurobiological Models of Visuospatial Cognition in Children With Williams Syndrome: Measures of Dorsal-Stream and Frontal Function

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Atkinson ◽  
Oliver Braddick ◽  
Shirley Anker ◽  
Will Curran ◽  
Rachel Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Visuospatial Cognition

Functional Reorganization of the Visual Dorsal Stream as Probed by 3-D Visual Coherence in Williams Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2624-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Bernardino ◽  
José Rebola ◽  
Reza Farivar ◽  
Eduardo Silva ◽  
Miguel Castelo-Branco
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Ventral Stream ◽  
Object Categorization ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
Dorsal Pathway

Object and depth perception from motion cues involves the recruitment of visual dorsal stream brain areas. In 3-D structure-from-motion (SFM) perception, motion and depth information are first extracted in this visual stream to allow object categorization, which is in turn mediated by the ventral visual stream. Such interplay justifies the use of SFM paradigms to understand dorsal–ventral integration of visual information. The nature of such processing is particularly interesting to be investigated in a neurological model of cognitive dissociation between dorsal (impaired) and ventral stream (relatively preserved) processing, Williams syndrome (WS). In the current fMRI study, we assessed dorsal versus ventral stream processing by using a performance-matched 3-D SFM object categorization task. We found evidence for substantial reorganization of the dorsal stream in WS as assessed by whole-brain ANOVA random effects analysis, with subtle differences in ventral activation. Dorsal reorganization was expressed by larger medial recruitment in WS (cuneus, precuneus, and retrosplenial cortex) in contrast with controls, which showed the expected dorsolateral pattern (caudal intraparietal sulcus and lateral occipital cortex). In summary, we found a substantial reorganization of dorsal stream regions in WS in response to simple visual categories and 3-D SFM perception, with less affected ventral stream. Our results corroborate the existence of a medial dorsal pathway that provides the substrate for information rerouting and reorganization in the presence of lateral dorsal stream vulnerability. This interpretation is consistent with recent findings suggesting parallel routing of information in medial and lateral parts of dorsal stream.

Real and Imaginary Rotary Motion Processing: Functional Parcellation of the Human Parietal Lobe Revealed by fMRI

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Podzebenko ◽  
Gary F. Egan ◽  
John D. G. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Rotary Motion ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Posterior Parietal Lobe

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 16 healthy subjects while they undertook orientation discrimination tasks of real rotating and mentally rotating alphanumeric characters. Perception of rotating and stationary abstract characters was also performed. Mental rotation and the perception of alphanumeric characters undergoing real rotation activated equivalent cortical areas, in keeping with the analogue hypothesis of mental rotation. In addition, areas along the dorsal stream, including the V5/middle temporal complex and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), were activated during both the real and imaginary rotary conditions. Within the parietal lobe there were areas of convergence (i.e., recruited by all three motion conditions) and areas of divergence (i.e., selectively activated by a particular condition). Tasks requiring canonical-mirror orientation discrimination revealed involvement of neural substrates localized to the ventrolateral bank of the IPS. Tasks in which this judgment was not performed and during which the subject viewed rotary motion of abstract stimuli recruited activity in the medial bank of the IPS. These results indicate subspecialization of the human posterior parietal lobe according to function.

scholarly journals Global Visual Motion Sensitivity: Associations with Parietal Area and Children's Mathematical Cognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1897-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Braddick ◽  
Janette Atkinson ◽  
Erik Newman ◽  
Natacha Akshoomoff ◽  
Joshua M. Kuperman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Numerical Cognition ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Visuomotor Integration ◽  
Motion Sensitivity

Sensitivity to global visual motion has been proposed as a signature of brain development, related to the dorsal rather than ventral cortical stream. Thresholds for global motion have been found to be elevated more than for global static form in many developmental disorders, leading to the idea of “dorsal stream vulnerability.” Here we explore the association of global motion thresholds with individual differences in children's brain development, in a group of typically developing 5- to 12-year-olds. Good performance was associated with a relative increase in parietal lobe surface area, most strongly around the intraparietal sulcus and decrease in occipital area. In line with the involvement of intraparietal sulcus, areas in visuospatial and numerical cognition, we also found that global motion performance was correlated with tests of visuomotor integration and numerical skills. Individual differences in global form detection showed none of these anatomical or cognitive correlations. This suggests that the correlations with motion sensitivity are unlikely to reflect general perceptual or attentional abilities required for both form and motion. We conclude that individual developmental variations in global motion processing are not linked to greater area in the extrastriate visual areas, which initially process such motion, but in the parietal systems that make decisions based on this information. The overlap with visuospatial and numerical abilities may indicate the anatomical substrate of the “dorsal stream vulnerability” proposed as characterizing neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals Distributed and Retinotopically Asymmetric Processing of Coherent Motion in Mouse Visual Cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin K. Sit ◽  
Michael J. Goard
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Coherent Motion ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Calcium Indicator ◽  
Mouse Cortex ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Visual Cortical

ABSTRACTPerception of visual motion is important for a range of ethological behaviors in mammals. In primates, specific higher visual cortical regions are specialized for processing of coherent visual motion. However, the distribution of motion processing among visual cortical areas in mice is unclear, despite the powerful genetic tools available for measuring population neural activity. Here, we used widefield and 2-photon calcium imaging of transgenic mice expressing a calcium indicator in excitatory neurons to measure mesoscale and cellular responses to coherent motion across the visual cortex. Imaging of primary visual cortex (V1) and several higher visual areas (HVAs) during presentation of natural movies and random dot kinematograms (RDKs) revealed heterogeneous responses to coherent motion. Although coherent motion responses were observed throughout visual cortex, particular HVAs in the putative dorsal stream (PM, AL, AM) exhibited stronger responses than ventral stream areas (LM and LI). Moreover, beyond the differences between visual areas, there was considerable heterogeneity within each visual area. Individual visual areas exhibited an asymmetry across the vertical retinotopic axis (visual elevation), such that neurons representing the inferior visual field exhibited greater responses to coherent motion. These results indicate that processing of visual motion in mouse cortex is distributed unevenly across visual areas and exhibits a spatial bias within areas, potentially to support processing of optic flow during spatial navigation.

Periventricular brain injury, visual motion processing, and reading and spelling abilities in children who were extremely low birthweight

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA L.S. DOWNIE ◽  
LORNA S. JAKOBSON ◽  
VIRGINIA FRISK ◽  
IRENE USHYCKY
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Magnocellular Pathway ◽  
Visual Motion Processing ◽  
Extremely Low Birthweight ◽  
Reading And Spelling

Among children born at extremely low birthweight (ELBW: <1000 g at birth) there is an association between the presence of periventricular brain injury (PVBI) and lowered performance on tests of reading and spelling ability. The present study was designed to determine if this association might be related to underlying dysfunction in the subcortical magnocellular visual pathway or its cortical targets in the dorsal stream, a prediction motivated by the magnocellular theory of dyslexia. Thirty-five ELBW children were divided into two groups based upon the presence or absence of PVBI (no PVBI, n = 11; PVBI, n = 24). The performance of these two groups was compared to that of a group of healthy full term children (n = 12) on a motion-defined form recognition task believed to tap into the functioning of the magnocellular pathway and/or the dorsal stream. ELBW children did, in fact, show a striking impairment on this task, with 71% of the sample performing at a level more than three standard deviations below the mean of full term controls. Surprisingly, their difficulties were not found to be related to either the presence of brain injury (verified by neonatal cranial ultrasound) or to problems with reading or spelling. An association was documented, however, between difficulties with motion processing and performance on several subtests of the Performance IQ scale of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Third Edition. This latter finding is consistent with our earlier suggestion that magnocellular pathway/dorsal stream dysfunction may underlie problems with visuospatial and visuomotor performance in this population. (JINS, 2003, 9, 440–449.)

Neurobiological Models of Visuospatial Cognition in Children With Williams Syndrome: Measures of Dorsal-Stream and Frontal Function

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Atkinson ◽  
Oliver Braddick ◽  
Shirley Anker ◽  
Will Curran ◽  
Rachel Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Visuospatial Cognition

scholarly journals Williams syndrome hemideletion and LIMK1 variation both affect dorsal stream functional connectivity

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 3963-3974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Gregory ◽  
Carolyn B Mervis ◽  
Maxwell L Elliott ◽  
J Shane Kippenhan ◽  
Tiffany Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

In Williams syndrome, a condition marked by hypersociability and visuospatial impairment, Gregory et al. show that intraparietal sulcus functional connectivity is increased with social processing regions and decreased with visual processing regions. Variation in LIMK1, which is hemideleted in Williams syndrome, is also associated with functional connectivity patterns in healthy controls.

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