Neural compensation mechanisms following long-term adaptation to severe optical defects

A unified analysis of the enlargement of the Baldone near-surface radioactive waste (RW) repository RADONS considers the interplay of the existing engineering, safety and infrastructure premises, with the foreseen newly socio-technical features. This enlargement consists in construction of two additional RW disposal vaults and in building a long-term storage facility for spent sealed sources at the RADONS territory. Our approach is based on consecutive analysis of following basic elements: - the origin of enlargement – the RADONS safety analysis and a set of optimal socio-technical solutions of Salaspils research reactor decommissioning waste management; - the enlargement – a keystone of the national RW management concept, including the long-term approach; - the enlargement concept – the result of international co-operation and obligations; - arrangement optimization of new disposal and storage space; - environmental impact assessment for the repository enlargement – the update of socio-technical studies. The study of the public opinion revealed: negative attitude to repository enlargement is caused mainly due to missing information on radiation level and on the RADONS previous operations. These results indicate: basic measures to improve the public attitude to repository enlargement: the safety upgrade, public education and compensation mechanisms. A detailed stakeholders engagement and public education plan is elaborated.

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Transpiration sensitivities to evaporative demand and leaf areas vary with night and day warming regimes among wheat genotypes

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp13028 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

pp. 708 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rémy Schoppach ◽

Walid Sadok

Keyword(s):

Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽

Growth Period ◽

Evaporative Demand ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Compensation Mechanisms ◽

Triticum Spp ◽

Night And Day ◽

Different Origins ◽

Wheat Lines

Warmer climates are already contributing to significant decreases in wheat (Triticum spp.) yields worldwide, highlighting the need for more adapted germplasm. Although many studies have addressed the effects of warmer climates on grain physiology and photosynthesis, only a few have considered temperature effects on other key yield-related traits such as the sensitivity of transpiration rate (TR) to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) − a function of air temperature and relative humidity. In wheat, no reports are available to document such influences. More importantly, the relative contributions of heat-stress night and day conditions on such sensitivity and the plant’s evaporative surface remain to be investigated. The objective of this study was to assess the response of these two physiological processes to long-term (i.e. 3 weeks) exposures to six warming scenarios, consisting of a combination of three target growth-period VPD (2, 2.7 and 4 kPa), and two night temperature (20 and 30°C) regimes among 11 diverse bread and durum wheat lines having different origins. The study revealed (i) a large genetic variability in those responses; (ii) non-linear interactions between the effects of day and night conditions; and (iii) compensation mechanisms between leaf areas and transpiration sensitivities to VPD together with differential acclimation strategies of these sensitivities with respect to increasingly warmer scenarios. These findings open the way to implementing breeding strategies that can improve wheat yields under different warming scenarios.

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Comparison of long-term kidney functions after radical nephrectomy and simple nephrectomy

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6701 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6701

Author(s):

Erkan Olcucuoglu ◽

Senol Tonyali ◽

Sedat Tastemur ◽

Yusuf Kasap ◽

Mehmet Emin Sirin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Radical Nephrectomy ◽

Group Versus ◽

Compensation Mechanisms ◽

Nephron Loss ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Mdrd Formula ◽

Group 2 ◽

Kidney Functions

Objective To determine if there is a difference in proceeding to CKD between patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy (RN) and simple nephrectomy (SN) for different indications by comparing the short- and long-term renal function. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of all patients who underwent nephrectomy (either for malign or benign indications) in our clinic between January 2007 and September 2017. The patients were divided into 2 groups according the type of surgery: 1) Radical nephrectomy Group, 2) Simple Nephrectomy Group. Renal function was evaluated with Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) calculated using the MDRD formula. Results A total of 276 patients were included in the study. There were 202 patients in RN Group and 74 patients in SN Group. The mean age of the patients in RN Group and SN Group were age 59,2 ± 11,5 and 49,9 ± 15,1 years, respectively (p = 0.001). GFR levels of patients in RN Group versus SN Group were as follows: Preoperative period: 84.9 vs. 81 mL/min/1.73 m2; postoperative 1st day: 60.5 vs. 84.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, postoperative 1st month 58.9 vs. 76 mL/min/1.73 m2, postoperative 1st year: 59.5 vs. 74.1 mL/min/1.73 m2; at last control 60.3 and 76.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. While preoperative GFR was found to be similar in two groups (p = 0.26), postoperative GFR values were found to be significantly lower in Group RN (p < 0.001). In comparison of the decrease in GFR in two groups at last follow-up, significantly higher decrease was observed in RN Group, 29% vs. 6%, (p < 0.05). Conclusion The decrease in GFR exists more common and intensive after RN compared to SN. In long-term, compensation mechanisms that develop after sudden nephron loss like radical nephrectomy deteriorates kidney function more than gradual nephron loss as in benign etiologies which indicates simple nephrectomy.

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Neural Compensation Mechanisms of Siblings of Schizophrenia Patients as Revealed by High-Density EEG

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbz133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 1009-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Janir R da Cruz ◽

Albulena Shaqiri ◽

Maya Roinishvili ◽

Ophélie Favrod ◽

Eka Chkonia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Regions ◽

High Density ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Backward Masking ◽

Behavioral Deficits ◽

Compensation Mechanisms ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Visual Backward Masking ◽

Neural Compensation

Abstract Visual backward masking (VBM) deficits are candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia indexing genetic liability of the disorder. In VBM, a target is followed by a mask that deteriorates target perception. Schizophrenia patients and, to a lesser extent, their unaffected relatives show strong and reproducible VBM deficits. In patients, VBM deficits are associated with strongly decreased amplitudes in the evoked-related potentials (ERPs). Here, to unveil the neural mechanisms of VBM in schizophrenia, circumventing illness-specific confounds, we investigated the electroencephalogram correlates of VBM in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients. We tested 110 schizophrenia patients, 60 siblings, and 83 healthy controls. As in previous studies, patients showed strong behavioral deficits and decreased ERP amplitudes compared to controls. Surprisingly, the ERP amplitudes of siblings were even higher than the ones of controls, while their performances were similar. ERP amplitudes in siblings were found to correlate with performance. These results suggest that VBM is deteriorated in patients and siblings. However, siblings, unlike patients, can partially compensate for the deficits by over-activating a network of brain regions.

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Functional phenotyping of successful aging in long-term memory: Preserved performance in the absence of neural compensation

Hippocampus ◽

10.1002/hipo.20834 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Emrah Düzel ◽

Hartmut Schütze ◽

Andrew P. Yonelinas ◽

Hans-Jochen Heinze

Keyword(s):

Successful Aging ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Term Memory ◽

Neural Compensation

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Biomechanical Evaluation and Comparison of Clinically Relevant versus Non-relevant Leg Length Inequalities

10.21203/rs.3.rs-604566/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roman Michalik ◽

Viola Rissel ◽

Filippo Miglorini ◽

Hannah Siebers ◽

Marcel Betsch

Keyword(s):

Surface Topography ◽

Pelvic Obliquity ◽

Leg Length ◽

Spinal Posture ◽

Compensation Mechanisms ◽

Patient Groups ◽

Biomechanical Evaluation ◽

Common Clinical Practice ◽

Pelvic Position

Abstract BackgroundLeg length inequalities (LLIs) are a frequent condition in every population. It is common clinical practice to consider LLIs of 2cm and more as relevant and to treat those. However, the amount of LLIs that need treatment is not clearly defined in literature and the effect of real LLIs on the musculoskeletal system above and below 2cm have not been studied biomechanically before.Research question: Are the spine and pelvis affected differently in patients with LLIs <2cm and ≥2cm.MethodsBy using surface topography, we evaluated 32 patients (10 females, 22 male) with real LLIs of ≥2cm (mean: 2.72cm; n=10) and compared their pelvic position and spinal posture to patients with LLIs <2cm (mean: 1.24cm; n=22) while standing and walking. All patients were measured with a surface topography system during standing and while walking on a treadmill. To compare patient groups, we used Student t-tests for independent samples.ResultsPelvic obliquity was significantly higher in patients with LLI ≥2cm during the standing trial (p=0.045) and during the midstance phase of the longer leg (p=0.023) while walking. Further measurements did not reveal any significant differences (p=0.06-0.706).ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that relevant LLIs of ≥2cm mostly affect pelvic obliquity and do not lead to significant alterations in the spinal posture during a standing trial. Additionally, we demonstrated that LLIs are better compensated when walking, showing almost no significant differences in pelvic and spinal posture between patients with LLIs smaller and greater than 2 cm. This study shows that LLIs ≥2cm can still be compensated; however, we do not know if the compensation mechanisms may lead to long-term clinical pathologies.

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