scholarly journals Where do cognitive limitations come from and why do we care? The divergent cases of visual working memory storage and approximate number sense acuity

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Jeremy Wilmer ◽  
Hrag Pailian ◽  
Laura Germine ◽  
Ryan Ly ◽  
Justin Halberda
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Cognitive Limitations

scholarly journals Fear not! Anxiety biases attentional enhancement of threat without impairing working memory filtering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Salahub ◽  
Stephen Emrich
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Filtering Efficiency ◽  
Memory Resources

Individuals with anxiety have attentional biases toward threat-related distractors. This deficit in attentional control has been shown to impact visual working memory (VWM) filtering efficiency, as anxious individuals inappropriately store threatening distractors in VWM. It remains unclear, however, whether this mis-allocation of memory resources is due to inappropriate attentional enhancement of threatening distractors, or to a failure in suppression. Here, we used a systematically lateralized VWM task with fearful and neutral faces to examine event-related potentials related to attentional selection (N2pc), suppression (PD), and working memory maintenance (CDA). We found that state anxiety correlated with attentional enhancement of threat-related distractors, such that more anxious individuals had larger N2pc amplitudes toward fearful distractors than neutral distractors. However, there was no correlation between anxiety and memory storage of fearful distractors (CDA). These findings demonstrate that anxiety biases attention toward fearful distractors, but that this bias does not always guarantee increased memory storage of threat-related distractors.

scholarly journals Using the flicker task to estimate visual working memory storage capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 1271-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrag Pailian ◽  
Daniel J. Simons ◽  
Jeffrey Wetherhold ◽  
Justin Halberda
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Flicker Task

Visual Working Memory Storage Recruits Sensory Processing Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Gayet ◽  
Chris L.E. Paffen ◽  
Stefan Van der Stigchel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Memory Storage

Seeking the Neural Substrates of Visual Working Memory Storage

Cortex ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 927-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
B POSTLE ◽  
T DRUZGAL ◽  
M DESPOSITO
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Memory Storage

scholarly journals Visual working memory and number sense: Testing the double deficit hypothesis in mathematics

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylke W. M. Toll ◽  
Evelyn H. Kroesbergen ◽  
Johannes E. H. Van Luit
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
Double Deficit Hypothesis ◽  
Double Deficit

Impact of Experimental Modulation of EEG Alpha Power on Visual Working Memory Storage in Healthy Participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. S403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Erickson ◽  
Dillon Smith ◽  
Laura Crespo ◽  
Steven Silverstein
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
Healthy Participants

Essential considerations for exploring visual working memory storage in the human brain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Polina Iamshchinina ◽  
Thomas B. Christophel ◽  
Surya Gayet ◽  
Rosanne L. Rademaker
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Memory Storage

scholarly journals A resource-rational theory of set size effects in visual working memory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald van den Berg ◽  
Wei Ji Ma
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Neural Encoding ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Set Size Effects ◽  
The Brain

AbstractEncoding precision in visual working memory decreases with the number of encoded items. Here, we propose a normative theory for such set size effects: the brain minimizes a weighted sum of an error-based behavioral cost and a neural encoding cost. We construct a model from this theory and find that it predicts set size effects. Notably, these effects are mediated by probing probability, which aligns with previous empirical findings. The model accounts well for effects of both set size and probing probability on encoding precision in nine delayed-estimation experiments. Moreover, we find support for the prediction that the total amount of invested resource can vary non-monotonically with set size. Finally, we show that it is sometimes optimal to encode only a subset or even none of the relevant items in a task. Our findings raise the possibility that cognitive “limitations” arise from rational cost minimization rather than from constraints.

scholarly journals Maintenance of Bound or Independent Features in Visual Working Memory is Task-dependent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyi Cao ◽  
Yoni Pertzov ◽  
Zaifeng Gao ◽  
Mowei Shen ◽  
Leon Y. Deouell
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Functional Property ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Match To Sample ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
Independent Features

AbstractOver the last decade, seemingly conflicting results were obtained regarding the question of whether features of an object are stored separately, or bound together, in working memory (WM). Many of these studies are based on an implicit assumption about a default, or fixed, mode of working memory storage. However, according to recent findings about the functional property of WM, we proposed that anticipated memory probes used in a given experiment might actually determine the format in which information is maintained in WM. In order to test this flexible maintenance hypothesis, we recorded EEG while subjects performed a delayed-match-to-sample task with and without the requirement of maintaining bound features. In two experiments, we found significant differences in EEG signals recorded in central-parietal channels between the two conditions, providing reliable evidence for such flexible maintenance.

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