scholarly journals Can a word sound sharp before you have seen it? Sound-shape mapping prior to conscious awareness

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Po-Jang Hsieh ◽  
Shao-Min Hung ◽  
Suzy Styles
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Shape Mapping

scholarly journals Pre-Conscious Automaticity of Sound-­‐Shape Mapping

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Shao-Min Hung ◽  
Suzy J. Styles ◽  
Po-­Jang Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Arbitrary Mapping ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
Shape Mapping ◽  
Sensory Processes ◽  
Different Cultures

The bouba–kiki effect depicts a non-arbitrary mapping between specific shapes and non-words: an angular shape is more often named with a sharp sound like ‘kiki’, while a curved shape is more often matched to a blunter sound like ‘bouba’. This effect shows a natural tendency of sound-shape pairing and has been shown to take place among adults who have different mother tongues (Ramachandran & Hubbard, 2001), pre-schoolers (Maurer, Pathman, & Mondloch, 2006), and even four-month-olds (Ozturk, Krehm, & Vouloumanos, 2013). These studies therefore establish that similar sound-to-shape mappings could happen among different cultures and early in development, suggesting the mappings may be innate and possibly universal. However, it remains unclear what level of mental processing gives rise to these perceptions: the mappings could rely on introspective processes about ‘goodness-of-fit,’ or they could rely on automatic sensory processes which are active prior to conscious awareness. Here we designed several experiments to directly examine the automaticity of the bouba-kiki effect. Specifically, we examined whether the congruency of a sound-shape pair can be processed before access to awareness?

Can a Word Sound Like a Shape Before You Have Seen It? Sound-Shape Mapping Prior to Conscious Awareness

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Min Hung ◽  
Suzy J. Styles ◽  
Po-Jang Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression ◽  
Auditory Word ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Shape Mapping ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Level Of Processing

Nonarbitrary mappings between sound and shape (i.e., the bouba-kiki effect) have been shown across different cultures and early in development; however, the level of processing at which this effect arises remains unclear. Here we show that the mapping occurs prior to conscious awareness of the visual stimuli. Under continuous flash suppression, congruent stimuli (e.g., “kiki” inside an angular shape) broke through to conscious awareness faster than incongruent stimuli. This was true even when we trained people to pair unfamiliar letters with auditory word forms, a result showing that the effect was driven by the phonology, not the visual features, of the letters. Furthermore, visibility thresholds of the shapes decreased when they were preceded by a congruent auditory word form in a masking paradigm. Taken together, our results suggest that sound-shape mapping can occur automatically prior to conscious awareness of visual shapes, and that sensory congruence facilitates conscious awareness of a stimulus being present.

The Wonder of Self-Reflective Conscious Awareness

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-624
Author(s):  
Mardi J. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Awareness

Action and the Problem of Free Will

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Pure Consciousness ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Traditional Notion ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Neuronal Processes

This chapter examines the concept of free will as it is discussed in philosophy and neuroscience. It reviews reflective and perceptual theories of agency and argues against neuro-centric conclusions about the illusory nature of free will. Experiments conducted by Benjamin Libet suggest that neural activations prior to conscious awareness predict specific actions. This has been taken as evidence that challenges the traditional notion of free will. Libet’s experiments, arguably, are about motor control processes on an elementary timescale and say nothing about freely willed intentional actions embedded in personal and social contexts that involve longer-term, narrative timescales. One implication of this interpretation is that enactivism is not a form of simple behaviorism. Agency is not a thing reducible to elementary neuronal processes; nor is it an idea or a pure consciousness. It rather involves a structure of complex relations.

Inside insights: A phenomenology of interoception

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Leder
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Lived Body ◽  
The West ◽  
Body Experience ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Outer World ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
And Control

This chapter undertakes a phenomenology of inner-body experience, starting with a focus on visceral interoception. While highly personal, such experience also reveals a level of the lived body that is pre-personal, beyond our understanding and control. In contrast to exteroception, elements of the visceral field can be inaccessible, or surface only indistinctly and intermittently to conscious awareness. Nonetheless, interoception is more than just a series of such sensations. This chapter argues for the “exterior interior”—that is, we interpret inner body experiences through models drawn from the outer world, and interoception itself is bound up with emotion, purpose, and projects. In the West, we tend to valorize the interiority of rational thought; by contrast, experience of the inner body is a kind of “inferior interior,” often overlooked or overridden, yet inside insights—gained from attending to messages from the inner body—may preserve our health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Laser Patterning a Graphene Layer on a Ceramic Substrate for Sensor Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Lebioda ◽  
Ryszard Pawlak ◽  
Witold Szymański ◽  
Witold Kaczorowski ◽  
Agata Jeziorna
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Graphene Layer ◽  
Ceramic Substrate ◽  
Direct Process ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Laser Patterning ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Shape Mapping ◽  
Sensory Layer

This paper describes a method for patterning the graphene layer and gold electrodes on a ceramic substrate using a Nd:YAG nanosecond fiber laser. The technique enables the processing of both layers and trimming of the sensor parameters. The main aim was to develop a technique for the effective and efficient shaping of both the sensory layer and the metallic electrodes. The laser shaping method is characterized by high speed and very good shape mapping, regardless of the complexity of the processing. Importantly, the technique enables the simultaneous shaping of both the graphene layer and Au electrodes in a direct process that does not require a complex and expensive masking process, and without damaging the ceramic substrate. Our results confirmed the effectiveness of the developed laser technology for shaping a graphene layer and Au electrodes. The ceramic substrate can be used in the construction of various types of sensors operating in a wide temperature range, especially the cryogenic range.

Conscious awareness and time perception

PsyCh Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Montemayor
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Conscious Awareness

scholarly journals Links between rapid ERP responses to fearful faces and conscious awareness

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Eimer ◽  
Monika Kiss ◽  
Amanda Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Fearful Faces
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