scholarly journals The Spatial Extent of Short-Term Plasticity Effects in the Human Visual System

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Matthew Gannon ◽  
Stephanie Long ◽  
Nathan Parks
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Plasticity

The Site of Binocular Rivalry Suppression

Perception ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph Blake ◽  
Randall Overton
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Threshold Elevation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Contrast Adaptation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Two experiments were performed to localize the site of binocular rivalry suppression in relation to the locus of grating adaptation. In one experiment it was found that phenomenal suppression of a high-contrast adaptation grating presented to one eye had no influence on the strength of the threshold-elevation aftereffect measured interocularly. Evidently information about the adaptation grating arrives at the site of the aftereffect (presumably binocular neurons) even during suppression. In a second experiment 60 s of grating adaptation was found to produce a short-term reduction in the predominance of the adapted eye during binocular rivalry. These findings provide converging lines of evidence that suppression occurs at a site in the human visual system after the locus of grating adaptation and, hence, after the striate cortex.

Evaluation of the Human Visual System in Cosmetics Foundation Colour Selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Altynay Kadyrova ◽  
Majid Ansari-Asl ◽  
Eva Maria Valero Benito
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Psychophysical Experiment ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
Colour Quantification

Colour is one of the most important appearance attributes in a variety of fields including both science and industry. The focus of this work is on cosmetics field and specifically on the performance of the human visual system on the selection of foundation makeup colour that best matches with the human skin colour. In many cases, colour evaluations tend to be subjective and vary from person to person thereby producing challenging problems to quantify colour for objective evaluations and measurements. Although many researches have been done on colour quantification in last few decades, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate objectively a consumer's visual system in skin colour matching through a psychophysical experiment under different illuminations exploiting spectral measurements. In this paper, the experiment setup is discussed and the results from the experiment are presented. The correlation between observers' skin colour evaluations by using PANTONE Skin Tone Guide samples and spectroradiometer is assessed. Moreover, inter and intra observer variability are considered and commented. The results reveal differences between nine ethnic groups, between two genders, and between the measurements under two illuminants (i.e.D65 and F (fluorescent)). The results further show that skin colour assessment was done better under D65 than under F illuminant. The human visual system was three times worse than instrument in colour matching in terms of colour difference between skin and PANTONE Skin Tone Guide samples. The observers tend to choose lighter, less reddish, and consequently paler colours as the best match to their skin colour. These results have practical applications. They can be used to design, for example, an application for foundation colour selection based on correlation between colour measurements and human visual system based subjective evaluations.

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