scholarly journals Pupil size reflects the strategic allocation of spatial attention

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 638-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Blumenfeld ◽  
T. L. Tyson ◽  
J. J. Geng
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Strategic Allocation

Expectancy modulates pupil size both during endogenous orienting and during re‐orienting of spatial attention: A study with isoluminant stimuli

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 2893-2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Lasaponara ◽  
Gianfranco Fortunato ◽  
Alessio Dragone ◽  
Michele Pellegrino ◽  
Fabio Marson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Endogenous Orienting

scholarly journals Neural basis of location-specific pupil luminance modulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (41) ◽  
pp. 10446-10451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-An Wang ◽  
Douglas P. Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Luminance Level ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
Saccade Preparation

Spatial attention enables us to focus visual processing toward specific locations or stimuli before the next fixation. Recent evidence has suggested that local luminance at the spatial locus of attention or saccade preparation influences pupil size independent of global luminance levels. However, it remains to be determined which neural pathways produce this location-specific modulation of pupil size. The intermediate layers of the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) form part of the network of brain areas involved in spatial attention and modulation of pupil size. Here, we demonstrated that pupil size was altered according to local luminance level at the spatial location corresponding to a microstimulated location in the intermediate SC (SCi) map of monkeys. Moreover, local SCi inactivation through injection of lidocaine reversed this local luminance modulation. Our findings reveal a causal role of the SCi in preparing pupil size for local luminance conditions at the next saccadic goal.

Expectancy modulates pupil size during endogenous orienting of spatial attention

Cortex ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Dragone ◽  
Stefano Lasaponara ◽  
Mario Pinto ◽  
Francesca Rotondaro ◽  
Maria De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Endogenous Orienting

scholarly journals Pupil size reflects the focus of feature-based attention

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 3046-3052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Binda ◽  
Maria Pereverzeva ◽  
Scott O. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Luminance Level ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Luminance Change ◽  
Bright Surface ◽  
Feature Based

We measured pupil size in adult human subjects while they selectively attended to one of two surfaces, bright and dark, defined by coherently moving dots. The two surfaces were presented at the same location; therefore, subjects could select the cued surface only on the basis of its features. With no luminance change in the stimulus, we find that pupil size was smaller when the bright surface was attended and larger when the dark surface was attended: an effect of feature-based (or surface-based) attention. With the same surfaces at nonoverlapping locations, we find a similar effect of spatial attention. The pupil size modulation cannot be accounted for by differences in eye position and by other variables known to affect pupil size such as task difficulty, accommodation, or the mere anticipation (imagery) of bright/dark stimuli. We conclude that pupil size reflects not just luminance or cognitive state, but the interaction between the two: it reflects which luminance level in the visual scene is relevant for the task at hand.

Visual Spatial Attention in Migraine Sufferers in Postictal and Interictal Phases: An Event-Related Potential Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. de Koning ◽  
J.C. Woestenburg ◽  
M. Elton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial

Migraineurs with and without aura (MWAs and MWOAs) as well as controls were measured twice with an interval of 7 days. The first session of recordings and tests for migraineurs was held about 7 hours after a migraine attack. We hypothesized that electrophysiological changes in the posterior cerebral cortex related to visual spatial attention are influenced by the level of arousal in migraineurs with aura, and that this varies over the course of time. ERPs related to the active visual attention task manifested significant differences between controls and both types of migraine sufferers for the N200, suggesting a common pathophysiological mechanism for migraineurs. Furthermore, migraineurs without aura (MWOAs) showed a significant enhancement for the N200 at the second session, indicating the relevance of time of measurement within migraine studies. Finally, migraineurs with aura (MWAs) showed significantly enhanced P240 and P300 components at central and parietal cortical sites compared to MWOAs and controls, which seemed to be maintained over both sessions and could be indicative of increased noradrenergic activity in MWAs.

How Socially Relevant Visual Characteristics of Avatars Influence Impression Formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weibel ◽  
Daniel Stricker ◽  
Bartholomäus Wissmath ◽  
Fred W. Mast
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Viewing Angle ◽  
Frontal View ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
First Impression ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Blink Frequency

Like in the real world, the first impression a person leaves in a computer-mediated environment depends on his or her online appearance. The present study manipulates an avatar’s pupil size, eyeblink frequency, and the viewing angle to investigate whether nonverbal visual characteristics are responsible for the impression made. We assessed how participants (N = 56) evaluate these avatars in terms of different attributes. The findings show that avatars with large pupils and slow eye blink frequency are perceived as more sociable and more attractive. Compared to avatars seen in full frontal view or from above, avatars seen from below were rated as most sociable, self-confident, and attractive. Moreover, avatars’ pupil size and eyeblink frequency escape the viewer’s conscious perception but still influence how people evaluate them. The findings have wide-ranging applied implications for avatar design.

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