Expectancy modulates pupil size during endogenous orienting of spatial attention

Cortex ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Dragone ◽  
Stefano Lasaponara ◽  
Mario Pinto ◽  
Francesca Rotondaro ◽  
Maria De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Endogenous Orienting

Expectancy modulates pupil size both during endogenous orienting and during re‐orienting of spatial attention: A study with isoluminant stimuli

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 2893-2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Lasaponara ◽  
Gianfranco Fortunato ◽  
Alessio Dragone ◽  
Michele Pellegrino ◽  
Fabio Marson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Endogenous Orienting

Rebalancing Spatial Attention: Endogenous Orienting May Partially Overcome the Left Visual Field Bias in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Śmigasiewicz ◽  
Gabriel Sami Hasan ◽  
Rolf Verleger
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Left Visual Field ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Endogenous Orienting ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
The Right

In dynamically changing environments, spatial attention is not equally distributed across the visual field. For instance, when two streams of stimuli are presented left and right, the second target (T2) is better identified in the left visual field (LVF) than in the right visual field (RVF). Recently, it has been shown that this bias is related to weaker stimulus-driven orienting of attention toward the RVF: The RVF disadvantage was reduced with salient task-irrelevant valid cues and increased with invalid cues. Here we studied if also endogenous orienting of attention may compensate for this unequal distribution of stimulus-driven attention. Explicit information was provided about the location of T1 and T2. Effectiveness of the cue manipulation was confirmed by EEG measures: decreasing alpha power before stream onset with informative cues, earlier latencies of potentials evoked by T1-preceding distractors at the right than at the left hemisphere when T1 was cued left, and decreasing T1- and T2-evoked N2pc amplitudes with informative cues. Importantly, informative cues reduced (though did not completely abolish) the LVF advantage, indicated by improved identification of right T2, and reflected by earlier N2pc latency evoked by right T2 and larger decrease in alpha power after cues indicating right T2. Overall, these results suggest that endogenously driven attention facilitates stimulus-driven orienting of attention toward the RVF, thereby partially overcoming the basic LVF bias in spatial attention.

scholarly journals Associations and Dissociations between Oculomotor Readiness and Covert Attention

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soazig Casteau ◽  
Daniel T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Exogenous Orienting ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Endogenous Orienting ◽  
Covert Orienting ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Premotor Theory

The idea that covert mental processes such as spatial attention are fundamentally dependent on systems that control overt movements of the eyes has had a profound influence on theoretical models of spatial attention. However, theories such as Klein’s Oculomotor Readiness Hypothesis (OMRH) and Rizzolatti’s Premotor Theory have not gone unchallenged. We previously argued that although OMRH/Premotor theory is inadequate to explain pre-saccadic attention and endogenous covert orienting, it may still be tenable as a theory of exogenous covert orienting. In this article we briefly reiterate the key lines of argument for and against OMRH/Premotor theory, then evaluate the Oculomotor Readiness account of Exogenous Orienting (OREO) with respect to more recent empirical data. These studies broadly confirm the importance of oculomotor preparation for covert, exogenous attention. We explain this relationship in terms of reciprocal links between parietal ‘priority maps’ and the midbrain oculomotor centres that translate priority-related activation into potential saccade endpoints. We conclude that the OMRH/Premotor theory hypothesis is false for covert, endogenous orienting but remains tenable as an explanation for covert, exogenous orienting.

scholarly journals Neural basis of location-specific pupil luminance modulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (41) ◽  
pp. 10446-10451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-An Wang ◽  
Douglas P. Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Luminance Level ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
Saccade Preparation

Spatial attention enables us to focus visual processing toward specific locations or stimuli before the next fixation. Recent evidence has suggested that local luminance at the spatial locus of attention or saccade preparation influences pupil size independent of global luminance levels. However, it remains to be determined which neural pathways produce this location-specific modulation of pupil size. The intermediate layers of the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) form part of the network of brain areas involved in spatial attention and modulation of pupil size. Here, we demonstrated that pupil size was altered according to local luminance level at the spatial location corresponding to a microstimulated location in the intermediate SC (SCi) map of monkeys. Moreover, local SCi inactivation through injection of lidocaine reversed this local luminance modulation. Our findings reveal a causal role of the SCi in preparing pupil size for local luminance conditions at the next saccadic goal.

Comparing intramodal and crossmodal cuing in the endogenous orienting of spatial attention

2006 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. Chica ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Endogenous Orienting

scholarly journals Comparing intramodal and crossmodal cuing in the endogenous orienting of spatial attention

2007 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana B. Chica ◽  
Daniel Sanabria ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Endogenous Orienting

scholarly journals Reduced activity within the dorsal endogenous orienting of attention network to fearful expressions in youth with disruptive behavior disorders and psychopathic traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart F. White ◽  
W. Craig Williams ◽  
Sarah J. Brislin ◽  
Stephen Sinclair ◽  
Karina S. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Group Congruence ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Endogenous Orienting ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

AbstractUsing behavioral and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response indices through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the current study investigated whether youths with disruptive behavior disorders (conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder) plus psychopathic traits (DBD + PT) show aberrant sensitivity to eye gaze information generally and/or whether they show particular insensitivity to eye gaze information in the context of fearful expressions. The participants were 36 children and adolescents (ages 10–17 years); 17 had DBD + PT and 19 were healthy comparison subjects. Participants performed a spatial attention paradigm where spatial attention was cued by eye gaze in faces displaying fearful, angry, or neutral affect. Eye gaze sensitivity was indexed both behaviorally and as BOLD response. There were no group differences in behavioral response: both groups showed significantly faster responses if the target was in the congruent spatial direction indicated by eye gaze. Neither group showed a Congruence × Emotion interaction; neither group showed an advantage from the displayer's emotional expression behaviorally. However, the BOLD response revealed a significant Group × Congruence × Emotion interaction. The comparison youth showed increased activity within the dorsal endogenous orienting network (superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal sulcus) for fearful congruent relative to incongruent trials relative to the youth with DBD + PT. The results are discussed with reference to current models of DBD + PT and possible treatment innovations.

scholarly journals Pupil size reflects the strategic allocation of spatial attention

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 638-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Blumenfeld ◽  
T. L. Tyson ◽  
J. J. Geng
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Strategic Allocation
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