scholarly journals Anticipatory smooth eye movements with passive and actively-controlled target motions

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 996-996
Author(s):  
E. M. Santos ◽  
N. M. Ross ◽  
C. D. Aitkin ◽  
A. Torres-Garcia ◽  
E. Kowler
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements

scholarly journals Anticipatory smooth eye movements adapt to higher-order probabilistic structure of the environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Vanessa Carneiro Morita ◽  
Guillaume S Masson ◽  
Anna Montagnini
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Probabilistic Structure ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements

scholarly journals Anticipatory smooth eye movements evoked by motor intentions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Kowler ◽  
Lakshmi Kolisetty ◽  
Cordelia Aitkin ◽  
Nicholas Ross ◽  
Elio Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements

Anticipatory VOR Suppression Induced by Visual and Nonvisual Stimuli in Humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1501-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Barnes ◽  
G. D. Paige
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Vestibuloocular Reflex ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Anticipatory Eye Movements ◽  
Predictive Behavior ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements

We compared the predictive behavior of smooth pursuit (SP) and suppression of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) in humans by examining anticipatory smooth eye movements, a phenomenon that arises after repeated presentations of sudden target movement preceded by an auditory warning cue. We investigated whether anticipatory smooth eye movements also occur prior to cued head motion, particularly when subjects expect interaction between the VOR and either real or imagined head-fixed targets. Subjects were presented with horizontal motion stimuli consisting of a visual target alone (SP), head motion in darkness (VOR), or head motion in the presence of a real or imagined head-fixed target (HFT and IHFT, respectively). Stimulus sequences were delivered as single cycles of a velocity sinusoid (frequency: 0.5 or 1.0 Hz) that were either cued (a sound cue 400 ms earlier) or noncued. For SP, anticipatory smooth eye movements developed over repeated trials in the cued, but not the noncued, condition. In the VOR condition, no such anticipatory eye movements were observed even when cued. In contrast, anticipatory responses were observed under cued, but not noncued, HFT and IHFT conditions, as for SP. Anticipatory HFT responses increased in proportion to the velocity of preceding stimuli. In general, anticipatory gaze responses were similar in cued SP, HFT, and IHFT conditions and were appropriate for expected target motion in space. Anticipatory responses may represent the output of a central mechanism for smooth-eye-movement generation that operates during predictive SP as well as VOR modulations that are linked with SP even in the absence of real visual targets.

scholarly journals Anticipatory smooth eye movements and reinforcement

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Jean-Bernard Damasse ◽  
Laurent Madelain ◽  
Laurent Perrinet ◽  
Anna Montagnini
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements

Predictive Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Kowler ◽  
Jason F. Rubinstein ◽  
Elio M. Santos ◽  
Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Sensorimotor Processing ◽  
Motion Trajectories ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Retinal Motion ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Smooth pursuit eye movements maintain the line of sight on smoothly moving targets. Although often studied as a response to sensory motion, pursuit anticipates changes in motion trajectories, thus reducing harmful consequences due to sensorimotor processing delays. Evidence for predictive pursuit includes ( a) anticipatory smooth eye movements (ASEM) in the direction of expected future target motion that can be evoked by perceptual cues or by memory for recent motion, ( b) pursuit during periods of target occlusion, and ( c) improved accuracy of pursuit with self-generated or biologically realistic target motions. Predictive pursuit has been linked to neural activity in the frontal cortex and in sensory motion areas. As behavioral and neural evidence for predictive pursuit grows and statistically based models augment or replace linear systems approaches, pursuit is being regarded less as a reaction to immediate sensory motion and more as a predictive response, with retinal motion serving as one of a number of contributing cues.

scholarly journals Anticipatory smooth eye movements with random-dot kinematograms

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Santos ◽  
E. K. Gnang ◽  
E. Kowler
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements

Supplementary Eye Fields Stimulation Facilitates Anticipatory Pursuit

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 1257-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Missal ◽  
S. J. Heinen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Target Motion ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
Electrical Microstimulation ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements ◽  
Supplementary Eye Fields

Anticipatory movements are motor responses occurring before likely sensory events in contrast to reflexive actions. Anticipatory movements are necessary to compensate for delays present in sensory and motor systems. Smooth pursuit eye movements are often used as a paradigmatic example for the study of anticipation. However, the neural control of anticipatory pursuit is unknown. A previous study suggested that the supplementary eye fields (SEFs) could play a role in the guidance of smooth pursuit to predictable target motion. In this study, we favored anticipatory responses in monkeys by making the parameters of target motion highly predictable and electrically stimulated the SEF before and during this behavior. Stimulation sites were restricted to regions of the SEF where saccades could not be evoked at the same low currents. We found that electrical microstimulation in the SEF increased the velocity of anticipatory pursuit movements and decreased their latency. These effects will be referred to as anticipatory pursuit facilitation. The degree of facilitation was the largest if the stimulation train was delivered near the end of the fixation period, before the moment when anticipatory pursuit usually begins. No anticipatory smooth eye movements could be evoked during fixation without an expectation of target motion. These results suggest that the SEF pursuit area might be involved in the process of guiding anticipatory pursuit.

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