scholarly journals Anticipatory smooth eye movements elicited by symbolic cues

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 496-496
Author(s):  
E. M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements ◽  
Symbolic Cues

scholarly journals The effects of endogenous and exogenus orienting of attention on source memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Selene Cansino
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Symbolic Cues

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endogenous and exogenous orienting of attention on episodic memory. Thirty healthy participants performed a cueing attention paradigm during encoding, in which images of common objects were presented either to the left or to the right of the center of the screen. Before the presentation of each image, three types of symbolic cues were displayed to indicate the location in which the stimuli would appear: valid cues to elicit endogenous orientation, invalid cues to prompt exogenous orientation and neutral or uncued trials. The participants’ task was to discriminate whether the images were symmetrical or not while fixating on the center of the screen to assure the manifestation of only covert attention mechanisms. Covert attention refers to the ability to orient attention by means of central control mechanisms alone, without head and eye movements. Trials with eye movements were excluded after inspection of eye-tracker recordings that were conducted throughout the task. During retrieval, participants conducted a source memory task in which they indicated the location where the images were presented during encoding. Memory for spatial context was superior during endogenous orientation than during exogenous orientation, whereas exogenous orientation was associated with a greater number of missed responses compared to the neutral trials. The formation of episodic memory representations with contextual details benefits from endogenous attention.

scholarly journals Anticipatory smooth eye movements adapt to higher-order probabilistic structure of the environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Vanessa Carneiro Morita ◽  
Guillaume S Masson ◽  
Anna Montagnini
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Probabilistic Structure ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements

scholarly journals Voluntary Spatial Attention has Different Effects on Voluntary and Reflexive Saccades

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 881-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Seidlits ◽  
Tammie Reza ◽  
Kevin A. Briand ◽  
Anne B. Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Fixation Condition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Symbolic Cues ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reflexive Saccades ◽  
Gap Paradigm

Although numerous studies have investigated the relationship between saccadic eye movements and spatial attention, one fundamental issue remains controversial. Some studies have suggested that spatial attention facilitates saccades, whereas others have claimed that eye movements are actually inhibited when spatial attention is engaged. However, these discrepancies may be because previous research has neglected to separate and specify the effects of attention for two distinct types of saccades, namely reflexive (stimulus-directed) and voluntary (antisaccades). The present study explored the effects of voluntary spatial attention on both voluntary and reflexive saccades. Results indicate that voluntary spatial attention has different effects on the two types of saccades. Antisaccades were always greatly facilitated following the engagement of spatial attention by symbolic cues (arrows) informing the subject where the upcoming saccade should be directed. Reflexive saccades showed little or no cueing effects and exhibited significant facilitation only when these cues were randomly intermixed with uncued trials. In addition, the present study tested the effects of fixation condition (gap, step, and overlap) on attentional modulation. Cueing effects did not vary due to fixation condition. Thus, voluntary spatial attention consistently showed different effects on voluntary and reflexive saccades, and there was no evidence in these studies that voluntary cues inhibit reflexive saccades, even in a gap paradigm.

scholarly journals The effects of social and symbolic cues on visual search: Cue shape trumps biological relevance

Psihologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frouke Hermens
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Biological Relevance ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Symbolic Cues ◽  
Crowded Environments

Arrow signs are often used in crowded environments such as airports to direct observers? attention to objects and areas of interest. Research with social and symbolic cues presented in isolation at fixation has suggested that social cues (such as eye gaze and pointing hands) are more effective in directing observers? attention than symbolic cues. The present work examines whether in visual search, social cues would therefore be more effective than arrows, by asking participants to locate target objects in crowded displays that were cued by eye-gaze, pointing hands or arrow cues. Results show an advantage for arrow cues, but only for arrow cues that stand out from the surroundings. The results confirm earlier suggestions that in extrafoveal vision cue shape trumps biological relevance. Eye movements suggest that these cueing effects rely predominantly on extrafoveal perception of the cues.

scholarly journals Anticipatory smooth eye movements evoked by motor intentions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Kowler ◽  
Lakshmi Kolisetty ◽  
Cordelia Aitkin ◽  
Nicholas Ross ◽  
Elio Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements

Anticipatory VOR Suppression Induced by Visual and Nonvisual Stimuli in Humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1501-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Barnes ◽  
G. D. Paige
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Vestibuloocular Reflex ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Anticipatory Eye Movements ◽  
Predictive Behavior ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements

We compared the predictive behavior of smooth pursuit (SP) and suppression of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) in humans by examining anticipatory smooth eye movements, a phenomenon that arises after repeated presentations of sudden target movement preceded by an auditory warning cue. We investigated whether anticipatory smooth eye movements also occur prior to cued head motion, particularly when subjects expect interaction between the VOR and either real or imagined head-fixed targets. Subjects were presented with horizontal motion stimuli consisting of a visual target alone (SP), head motion in darkness (VOR), or head motion in the presence of a real or imagined head-fixed target (HFT and IHFT, respectively). Stimulus sequences were delivered as single cycles of a velocity sinusoid (frequency: 0.5 or 1.0 Hz) that were either cued (a sound cue 400 ms earlier) or noncued. For SP, anticipatory smooth eye movements developed over repeated trials in the cued, but not the noncued, condition. In the VOR condition, no such anticipatory eye movements were observed even when cued. In contrast, anticipatory responses were observed under cued, but not noncued, HFT and IHFT conditions, as for SP. Anticipatory HFT responses increased in proportion to the velocity of preceding stimuli. In general, anticipatory gaze responses were similar in cued SP, HFT, and IHFT conditions and were appropriate for expected target motion in space. Anticipatory responses may represent the output of a central mechanism for smooth-eye-movement generation that operates during predictive SP as well as VOR modulations that are linked with SP even in the absence of real visual targets.

scholarly journals Anticipatory smooth eye movements and reinforcement

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Jean-Bernard Damasse ◽  
Laurent Madelain ◽  
Laurent Perrinet ◽  
Anna Montagnini
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements

Predictive Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Kowler ◽  
Jason F. Rubinstein ◽  
Elio M. Santos ◽  
Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Sensorimotor Processing ◽  
Motion Trajectories ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Retinal Motion ◽  
Anticipatory Smooth Eye Movements ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Smooth pursuit eye movements maintain the line of sight on smoothly moving targets. Although often studied as a response to sensory motion, pursuit anticipates changes in motion trajectories, thus reducing harmful consequences due to sensorimotor processing delays. Evidence for predictive pursuit includes ( a) anticipatory smooth eye movements (ASEM) in the direction of expected future target motion that can be evoked by perceptual cues or by memory for recent motion, ( b) pursuit during periods of target occlusion, and ( c) improved accuracy of pursuit with self-generated or biologically realistic target motions. Predictive pursuit has been linked to neural activity in the frontal cortex and in sensory motion areas. As behavioral and neural evidence for predictive pursuit grows and statistically based models augment or replace linear systems approaches, pursuit is being regarded less as a reaction to immediate sensory motion and more as a predictive response, with retinal motion serving as one of a number of contributing cues.

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