scholarly journals Further evidence that local cues to shape in RF patterns are integrated globally

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 16-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Dickinson ◽  
J. McGinty ◽  
K. E. Webster ◽  
D. R. Badcock
Keyword(s):  
Local Cues

Neither by global nor local cues alone: evidence for a unified orientation process

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent D. Bodily ◽  
Caroline K. Eastman ◽  
Bradley R. Sturz
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Process ◽  
Local Cues

scholarly journals The forest or the trees: preference for global over local image processing is reversed by prior experience in honeybees

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1799) ◽  
pp. 20142384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Avarguès-Weber ◽  
Adrian G. Dyer ◽  
Noha Ferrah ◽  
Martin Giurfa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Insect Vision ◽  
Hierarchical Stimuli ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
Holistic Perception ◽  
Local Cues

Traditional models of insect vision have assumed that insects are only capable of low-level analysis of local cues and are incapable of global, holistic perception. However, recent studies on honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) vision have refuted this view by showing that this insect also processes complex visual information by using spatial configurations or relational rules. In the light of these findings, we asked whether bees prioritize global configurations or local cues by setting these two levels of image analysis in competition. We trained individual free-flying honeybees to discriminate hierarchical visual stimuli within a Y-maze and tested bees with novel stimuli in which local and/or global cues were manipulated. We demonstrate that even when local information is accessible, bees prefer global information, thus relying mainly on the object's spatial configuration rather than on elemental, local information. This preference can be reversed if bees are pre-trained to discriminate isolated local cues. In this case, bees prefer the hierarchical stimuli with the local elements previously primed even if they build an incorrect global configuration. Pre-training with local cues induces a generic attentional bias towards any local elements as local information is prioritized in the test, even if the local cues used in the test are different from the pre-trained ones. Our results thus underline the plasticity of visual processing in insects and provide new insights for the comparative analysis of visual recognition in humans and animals.

The activity of neurogenin1 is controlled by local cues in the zebrafish embryo

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (22) ◽  
pp. 4557-4569 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Blader ◽  
N. Fischer ◽  
G. Gradwohl ◽  
F. Guillemont ◽  
U. Strahle
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Primary Neurons ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Induced Neurons ◽  
Ectopic Neurons ◽  
Local Cues

Zebrafish neurogenin1 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein which shares structural and functional characteristics with proneural genes of Drosophila melanogaster. neurogenin1 is expressed in the early neural plate in domains comprising more cells than the primary neurons known to develop from these regions and its expression is modulated by Delta/Notch signalling, suggesting that it is a target of lateral inhibition. Misexpression of neurogenin1 in the embryo results in development of ectopic neurons. Markers for different neuronal subtypes are not ectopically expressed in the same patterns in neurogenin1-injected embryos suggesting that the final identity of the ectopically induced neurons is modulated by local cues. Induction of ectopic motor neurons by neurogeninl requires coexpression of a dominant negative regulatory subunit of protein kinase A, an intracellular transducer of hedgehog signals. Moreover, the pattern of endogenous neurogenin1 expression in the neural plate is expanded in response to elevated levels of Hedgehog (Hh) signalling or abolished as a result of inhibition of Hh signalling. Together these data suggest that Hh signals regulate neurogenin1 expression and subsequently modulate the type of neurons produced by Neurogenin1 activity.

scholarly journals Navigation by Dead Reckoning and Local Cues

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Etienne ◽  
V. Séguinot
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Familiar Environment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Absolute Coordinate System ◽  
Actual Location ◽  
Local Cues

According to comprehensive theories of navigation, animals navigate by using two complementary strategies: (1) dead reckoning informs the subject in a continuous manner on its actual location with respect to an Earthbound or absolute coordinate system; while (2) long-term associations between particular landmarks and specific locations allow the animal to find its way within a familiar environment. If the subject structures familiar space as a system of interconnected places – the so-called ‘cognitive map’ – it may know through dead reckoning where it is located on its map and relate its route-based expectations to the actually perceived scenario of local cues.

scholarly journals Detecting natural occlusion boundaries using local cues

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 15-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. DiMattina ◽  
S. A. Fox ◽  
M. S. Lewicki
Keyword(s):  
Occlusion Boundaries ◽  
Local Cues

scholarly journals Effect of Scene Complexity on Colour Constancy with Real Three-Dimensional Scenes and Objects

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5182 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 947-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio M C Nascimento ◽  
Vasco M N de Almeida ◽  
Paulo T Fiadeiro ◽  
David H Foster
Keyword(s):  
Test Object ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Virtual Image ◽  
Colour Constancy ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Scene Structure ◽  
Complex Scenes ◽  
Local Cues

The effect of scene complexity on colour constancy was tested with a novel technique in which a virtual image of a real 3-D test object was projected into a real 3-D scene. Observers made discriminations between illuminant and material changes in simple and complex scenes. The extent of colour constancy achieved varied little with either scene structure or test-object colour, suggesting a dominant role of local cues in determining surface-colour judgments.

Reconstruction of Text and Feedback

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Langer ◽  
Verne Keenan ◽  
Christina M. Medosch-Schonbeck
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Limited Feedback ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Original Sentence ◽  
Sentence Order ◽  
Local Cues

Subjects reconstructed two sets of scrambled discourse of 26 sentences each. Subjects were either given no feedback or limited feedback as confirmation-disconfirmation, with retrieval either immediate or delayed one week. Memory was measured as recall of idea units and recognition of original sentences from paraphrases. Concordance was measured by relationship to the original sentence order. Recall was not related to any of the independent variables, but recognition was related to content. The data suggest a modest contribution of feedback to concordance, but this did not lead to differences in achievement. The findings replicate previous research which suggests that prior knowledge and local cues for syntax and coherence may diminish the contributions of feedback.

scholarly journals Framing Spatial Cognition: Neural Representations of Proximal and Distal Frames of Reference and Their Roles in Navigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Knierim ◽  
Derek A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Common View ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
Spatial Specificity ◽  
Local Cues

The most common behavioral test of hippocampus-dependent, spatial learning and memory is the Morris water task, and the most commonly studied behavioral correlate of hippocampal neurons is the spatial specificity of place cells. Despite decades of intensive research, it is not completely understood how animals solve the water task and how place cells generate their spatially specific firing fields. Based on early work, it has become the accepted wisdom in the general neuroscience community that distal spatial cues are the primary sources of information used by animals to solve the water task (and similar spatial tasks) and by place cells to generate their spatial specificity. More recent research, along with earlier studies that were overshadowed by the emphasis on distal cues, put this common view into question by demonstrating primary influences of local cues and local boundaries on spatial behavior and place-cell firing. This paper first reviews the historical underpinnings of the “standard” view from a behavioral perspective, and then reviews newer results demonstrating that an animal's behavior in such spatial tasks is more strongly controlled by a local-apparatus frame of reference than by distal landmarks. The paper then reviews similar findings from the literature on the neurophysiological correlates of place cells and other spatially correlated cells from related brain areas. A model is proposed by which distal cues primarily set the orientation of the animal's internal spatial coordinate system, via the head direction cell system, whereas local cues and apparatus boundaries primarily set the translation and scale of that coordinate system.

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