scholarly journals Exogenous cue size modulates attentional effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 115-115
Author(s):  
K. Burnett ◽  
G. d'Avossa ◽  
A. Sapir
Keyword(s):  
Exogenous Cue

On Why Objects Appear Smaller in the Visual Periphery

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wladimir Kirsch ◽  
Roland Pfister ◽  
Wilfried Kunde
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Visuospatial Attention ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Perceptual Distortion ◽  
Visual Periphery ◽  
Peripheral Location ◽  
Exogenous Cue

An object appears smaller in the periphery than in the center of the visual field. In two experiments ( N = 24), we demonstrated that visuospatial attention contributes substantially to this perceptual distortion. Participants judged the size of central and peripheral target objects after a transient, exogenous cue directed their attention to either the central or the peripheral location. Peripheral target objects were judged to be smaller following a central cue, whereas this effect disappeared completely when the peripheral target was cued. This outcome suggests that objects appear smaller in the visual periphery not only because of the structural properties of the visual system but also because of a lack of spatial attention.

EXPRESS: How the size of exogenous attentional cues alters visual performance: from response gain to contrast gain

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110248
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Wu ◽  
Aijun Wang ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Gain Modulation ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Contrast Gain ◽  
Exogenous Cues ◽  
Exogenous Cue ◽  
Attentional Cues

The normalization model of attention (NMoA) predicts that the attention gain pattern is mediated by changes in the size of the attentional field and stimuli. However, existing studies have not measured gain patterns when the relative sizes of stimuli are changed. To investigate the NMoA, the present study manipulated the attentional field size, namely, the exogenous cue size. Moreover, we assessed whether the relative rather than the absolute size of the attentional field matters, either by holding the target size constant and changing the cue size (experiments 1-3) or by holding the cue size constant and changing the target size (experiment 4), in a spatial cueing paradigm of psychophysical procedures. The results show that the gain modulations changed from response gain to contrast gain when the precue size changed from small to large relative to the target size (experiments 1-3). Moreover, when the target size was once again made larger than the precue size, there was still a change in response gain (experiment 4). These results suggest that the size of exogenous cues plays an important role in adjusting the attentional field and that relative changes rather than absolute changes to exogenous cue size determine gain modulation. These results are consistent with the prediction of the NMoA and provide novel insights into gain modulations of visual selective attention.

Exogenous Cuing of Distractor Location Facilitates Location Selection by Inhibition of Return

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan-Fu Chao
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Attention Capture ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Distractor Location ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Exogenous Cuing ◽  
Exogenous Cue

Attention capture by an exogenous cue can result in slowed responses to a target, which appeared at that cued location later. This is the phenomenon of inhibition of return (IOR). In the current study, the effect of IOR on performance in a location selection task was studied. A target and a distractor were presented at the same time, and the participants were instructed to indicate the location of the target by manual response. The results showed that it took longer to respond to the target at the cued location. More importantly, it took a shorter time to respond to the target when the distractor was presented at the cued location. These findings support the idea that IOR can facilitate performance in a target selection task if the distractor location is cued.

scholarly journals The pupillary light response reflects exogenous attention and inhibition of return

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan Mathôt ◽  
Edwin S. Dalmaijer ◽  
Jonathan Grainger ◽  
Stefan Van der Stigchel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
Exogenous Cue ◽  
Behavioral Phenomenon

Here we show that the pupillary light response reflects exogenous (involuntary) shifts of attention and inhibition of return. Participants fixated in the center of a display that was divided into a bright and a dark half. An exogenous cue attracted attention to the bright or dark side of the display. Initially, the pupil constricted when the bright, as compared to the dark side of the display was cued, reflecting a shift of attention towards the exogenous cue. Crucially, this pattern reversed about one second after cue presentation. This later-occurring, relative dilation (when the bright side was cued) reflected disengagement from the previously attended location, analogous to the behavioral phenomenon of inhibition of return. Indeed, we observed a strong correlation between 'pupillary inhibition' and behavioral inhibition of return. We conclude that the pupillary light response is a complex eye movement that reflects how we selectively parse and interpret visual input.

scholarly journals The spatial distribution of attention following an exogenous cue

1993 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Henderson ◽  
Andrew D. Macquistan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Exogenous Cue

Long-Term Inhibition of Return of Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Tipper ◽  
Sarah Grison ◽  
Klaus Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
New Information ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Exogenous Cue ◽  
Face Stimuli ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

During search of the environment, the inhibition of the return (IOR) of attention to already-examined information ensures that the target will ultimately be detected. Until now, inhibition was assumed to support search of information during one processing episode. However, in some situations search may have to be completed long after it was begun. We therefore propose that inhibition can be associated with an episode encoded into memory such that later retrieval reinstates inhibitory processing and encourages examination of new information. In two experiments in which attention was drawn to face stimuli with an exogenous cue, we demonstrated for the first time the existence of long-term IOR. Interestingly, this was the case only for faces in the left visual field, perhaps because more efficient processing of faces in the right hemisphere than the left hemisphere results in richer, more retrievable memory representations.

scholarly journals Exogenous Bimodal Cues Attenuate Age-Related Audiovisual Integration

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952110207
Author(s):  
Yanna Ren ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yawei Hou ◽  
Junyuan Li ◽  
Junhao Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Race Model ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Audiovisual Integration ◽  
Exogenous Attention ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Exogenous Cue

Previous studies have demonstrated that exogenous attention decreases audiovisual integration (AVI); however, whether the AVI is different when exogenous attention is elicited by bimodal and unimodal cues and its aging effect remain unclear. To clarify this matter, 20 older adults and 20 younger adults were recruited to conduct an auditory/visual discrimination task following bimodal audiovisual cues or unimodal auditory/visual cues. The results showed that the response to all stimulus types was faster in younger adults compared with older adults, and the response was faster when responding to audiovisual stimuli compared with auditory or visual stimuli. Analysis using the race model revealed that the AVI was lower in the exogenous-cue conditions compared with the no-cue condition for both older and younger adults. The AVI was observed in all exogenous-cue conditions for the younger adults (visual cue > auditory cue > audiovisual cue); however, for older adults, the AVI was only found in the visual-cue condition. In addition, the AVI was lower in older adults compared to younger adults under no- and visual-cue conditions. These results suggested that exogenous attention decreased the AVI, and the AVI was lower in exogenous attention elicited by bimodal-cue than by unimodal-cue conditions. In addition, the AVI was reduced for older adults compared with younger adults under exogenous attention.

scholarly journals What does a short-SOA exogenous cue do in a so-called simple-RT task?

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
P. Chen ◽  
J. T. Mordkoff
Keyword(s):  
Exogenous Cue ◽  
Simple Rt

scholarly journals Attention alters certainty but not appearance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Allan Schneider ◽  
Anahit Grigorian
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Function ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Comparative Judgment ◽  
Decision Bias ◽  
The Third ◽  
Perceptual Comparison ◽  
Equality Judgment ◽  
Exogenous Cue ◽  
Decision Mechanisms

Does paying attention to a stimulus change its appearance or merely influence the decision mechanisms involved in reporting it? Recently we proposed an uncertainty stealing hypothesis in which subjects, when uncertain about a perceptual comparison between a cued and uncued stimulus, tend to disproportionately choose the cued stimulus. The result is a psychometric function that mimics the results that would be measured if attention actually changed the appearance of the cued stimulus. In the present study, we measure uncertainty explicitly. In three separate experiments, subjects judged the relative appearance of two Gabor patches that differed in contrast. In the first two experiments, subjects performed a comparative judgment, reporting which stimulus had the higher contrast. In the third experiment, subjects performed an equality judgment, reporting whether the two stimuli had the same or different contrast. In the first comparative judgment experiment and in the equality judgment experiment, one of the two stimuli was pre-cued by an exogenous cue. In the second comparative judgment experiment, a decision bias was explicitly introduced: one stimulus was followed by a post-cue and the subjects were instructed, when uncertain, to choose the cued target. In all three experiments, subjects also indicated whether or not they were certain about each response. The results reveal that in the pre-cue comparative judgment, attention shifted the subjects’ uncertainty and made subjects more likely to report that the cued stimulus had higher contrast. In the post-cue biased comparative judgment, subjects also were more likely to report that the cued stimulus had higher contrast, but without a shift in uncertainty. In the equality judgment, attention did not affect the contrast judgment, and the subjects’ uncertainty remained aligned with their decision. We conclude that attention does not alter appearance but rather manipulates subjects’ uncertainty and decision mechanisms.

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