Biodiesel Blends Startability and Emissions During Cold, Warm and Hot Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Miqdam Chaichan ◽  
Tayser Sumer Gaaz ◽  
Ahmed Al-Amiery ◽  
Mohd ◽  
Abdul Amir Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Yellow Grease ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Smoke Opacity ◽  
Co Concentrations

The time and emissions during cold starting were investigated at cold and hot temperatures (i. e., – 10°C, 0 °C, 25°C and 50 °C). The effect of injection timing (IT) on these factors was also studied at four ITs before top dead centre (BTDC) i. e., (12 , 15 , 20 and 23 BTDC). The results were compared with engine operation at 17 BTDC (factory IT). Sunflower vegetable oil and yellow grease were used as raw materials to prepare bio diesel fuels through transesterification. B20 (20% sunflower oil biodiesel+80% diesel) and W20 (20% yellow grease biodiesel+80% diesel), together with neat conventional Iraqi diesel fuel, were used to analyse engine startability and emissions under cold and hot starting conditions. Results indicated that adding biofuel affects the engine starting response and that the starting time stabilises at high starting temperatures. At a low starting temperature (i. e.,–10 °C), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations increase significantly. At moderate and high starting temperatures, the oxygen content in the biofuel blend plays a dominant role in reducing the HC and CO concentrations. Smoke opacity has increased notably for the biodiesel blends at low starting temperatures but has decreased significantly at moderate and high starting temperatures. Both biofuel blends emit higher levels of nitrogen oxide than the neat diesel fuel. Noise increases at low starting temperatures, thereby indicating rough combustion.

OBTAINING DIESEL FUEL WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
A. Trotsenko ◽  
A. Grigorov ◽  
V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Periodical Literature ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Fuel Density ◽  
Improved Performance

It is known that one of the ways to increase the level of operational properties of diesel fuels is the injection of special components – additives – into their composition. Today this way is a quite rational and economically feasible for Ukraine, especially in the absence of high-quality oil raw materials for the production of fuels, which in turn leads to a significant dependence on imports. The range of additives used in diesel fuels is very diverse, which makes it difficult to select a balanced package, especially considering their effectiveness and compatibility with each other. This procedure can be a bit simplified by adding poly-functional additives to diesel fuel, the use of which is devoted to a lot of periodical literature. Based on the relevance of the direction of scientific research related to improving the properties of diesel fuel, which is produced at the enterprises of the oil refining industry in Ukraine, we proposed to use a substance belonging to the class of aromatic diazocompounds and having polyfunctional properties in the composition of diesel fuels. Thus, this additive was added to a straight-run diesel fraction (240–350 °C) in an amount of up to 1.0%, followed by a study of the properties of the resulting mixture. Studies have shown that the additive significantly improves low-temperature properties (by -10 °C), contributes to an increase in fuel density and viscosity, and additionally gives diesel fuel a stable color (from yellow to orange). Consequently, it can be used in the composition of commercial diesel fuels with improved performance properties.

Vegetable Oils as Fuel for Diesel Engines: An Overview

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Babu ◽  
G. Devaradjane
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

The intent of this paper is to summarize the state of knowledge on use of vegetable oils as diesel fuels. Fuel related properties are reviewed and compared with conventional diesel fuel. The use of neat vegetable oil (edible and/or nonedible), biodiesel and its blends in a diesel engine has been discussed. Performance and emission characteristics are highlighted. Suitability of different combustion chambers for diesel engine operation with vegetable oils is outlined. Techniques to decrease viscosities are discussed. An overview on current developments on the use of vegetable oils directly and indirectly in diesel engines is presented.

Study of Particle Size Distribution Emitted From a Diesel Engine by Diesel and Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Fuels

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobei Cheng ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Fangqin Yan ◽  
Guohua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
High Load ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

The effect of diesel and biodiesel blends on particle size and number concentration distributions were studied in diesel engine under different operating conditions, including speeds, loads, and injection timing. The results showed that the engine load was more influential on particle size distribution than the engine speed. At the high load, diesel fuels produced mainly accumulation-mode particles, and at medium or lower load, diesel fuel produced more nuclei-mode particles. The injection timing had obviously influence on particle size distribution and number concentration. Advanced injection timing induced higher number concentrations of nuclei-mode particles for the low load and more accumulation mode particles for high load. Compared to the neat diesel fuel, the combustion process was improved when fueled with diesel-biodiesel blends. The oxygen contained in the biodiesel fuel may improve combustion. The number and mass concentration of PM was greatly decreased with the increase in biodiesel blend ratio. Biodiesel blends had an early start of injection, and particle size distributions tended to be ultra-fine particles with the increase in the ratio of biodiesel blend. The average mid-diameter range of particles was significantly affected by the change in fuel injection timing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biogas Production and Usage Potential

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Kalinichenko ◽  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Vasyl Perebyynis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

Abstract The aim of the research is the development of theoretical and methodical bases for determining the feasibility of plant raw materials growing for its further bioconversion into energy resources and technological materials to maximize profit from business activities. Monograph, statistics, modelling and abstract logical methods have been used during the research. Directions of biogas usage have been examined. Biogas yields from different crops have been analyzed. It has been determined that high methane yields can be provided from root crops, grain crops, and several green forage plants. So, forage beet and maize can provide more than 5,500 m3 of biogas per hectare. Attention is paid to the use of by-products of biogas plants, especially carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is an important commodity and can increase profitability of biogas plant operating. It can be used for different purposes (food industry, chemical industry, medicine, fumigation, etc). The most important parameters of the biogas upgrading technologies have been analyzed. If output of an upgrade module is more than 500 nm3/h, investment costs of different available technologies are almost equal. According to experts, it is economically feasible to use anaerobic digestion biogas systems to upgrade biomethane provided their performance is equivalent to 3,000 litres of diesel fuel per day. The economic and mathematical models have been suggested to determine the feasibility of growing plant materials to maximize the gross profit. The target function is the maximum gross income from biogas utilization. It has the following limitations: annual production of biogas, consumption of electricity, heat and motor fuels. The mathematical model takes into account both meeting own requirement and selling surplus energy resources and co-products including carbon dioxide. In case of diesel fuel substitution, an ignition dose of diesel fuels has been considered. The algorithm for making a decision on construction of a biogas plant has been offered.

scholarly journals A Parametric Study on a Diesel Engine Fuelled Using Waste Cooking Oil Blended with Al2O3 Nanoparticle—Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7195
Author(s):  
Muruganantham Ponnusamy ◽  
Bharathwaaj Ramani ◽  
Ravishankar Sathyamruthy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Acid Methyl

As the environment is humiliated at a disturbing rate, most governments have persistent calls following global energy policies for the utilization of biofuels. This paper essentially examines the portrayal investigations of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid pentyl esters obtained from palm oil. The characterization studies such as gas chromatogram, mass spectrometry, and Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry have been performed to study biodiesel’s chemical composition. This article likewise shows biodiesel’s physiochemical properties and concentrates on biodiesel blends’ hypothetical combustion properties with Al2O3 nanoparticles. The spectroscopic investigations demonstrate the contiguity of eight methyl esters and five pentyl esters prevalently of palmitic acid, oleic acid, octanoic acid, and stearic acid. The esters’ nearness was additionally affirmed by the FTIR range, where the peaks in the scope of 1700 cm−1 to 1600 cm−1 can be observed. Looking at the thermophysical properties of the mixes with that of the base diesel fuel yielded the compromising results by giving the comparative density to that of the diesel fuel. The palm oil biodiesel’s calorific value is, by all accounts, diminished by 10% when contrasted with diesel fuel. The addition of the nanoparticles up to 1 g has raised the calorific value most closely to the diesel’s value. Correspondingly, the theoretical burning examinations have demonstrated the limit of biodiesel to go about as an option compared to consistent diesel in the conventional DI–CI engine. This article talks about the combustion attributes of the blend containing 60% diesel, 20% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), and 20% fatty acid pentyl ester (FAPE) with aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles at two distinctive concentrations. This article primarily concerns the inquiry of combustion criterion, such as in-chamber pressure variation, rate of heat release, start of combustion, end of combustion, and ignition delay for considered fuel blends when contrasted with neat diesel fuel in a four-stroke, direct-injection, single-cylinder diesel engine. The results showed a decrease in in-cylinder pressure at all loads of engine operation for biodiesel blends when compared with neat diesel, irrespective of the nanoparticle concentration. Biodiesel blends at all nanoparticle concentrations showed an increase in ignition delay compared with diesel fuels at all engine operation loads. The performance results show a slight deterioration in the engine’s thermal efficiency using biodiesel blends, irrespective of the nanoparticle concentration. Additionally, the emissions show a considerable fall in trends for all loads in contrast with diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Exhaust Emissions and Physicochemical Properties of Hydrotreated Used Cooking Oils in Blends with Diesel Fuel

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraklis Zahos-Siagos ◽  
Dimitrios Karonis
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

Hydroprocessing of liquid biomass is a promising technology for the production of “second generation” renewable fuels to be used in transportation. Its products, normal paraffins, can be further hydrotreated for isomerization in order to improve their cold flow properties. The final product, usually referred to as “paraffinic diesel,” is a high cetane number, clean burning biofuel which is rapidly gaining popularity among researchers and the industry. Nevertheless, the costly isomerization step can be omitted if normal paraffins are to be directly mixed with conventional diesel in low concentrations. In this work, nonisomerized paraffinic diesel produced through hydrotreating of used cooking oil (hydrotreated used cooking oil (HUCO)) has been used in 4 blends (up to 40% v/v) with conventional diesel fuel. The blends’ properties have been assessed comparatively to European EN 590 and EN 15940 standards (concerning conventional automotive diesel fuels and paraffinic diesel fuels from synthesis or hydrotreatment, resp.). Furthermore, the HUCO blends have been used in a standard stationary diesel engine-generator set. The blends have been considered as “drop-in replacements” for standard diesel fuel. As such, no engine modifications took place whatsoever. The engine performance and exhaust emissions of steady-state operation have been examined in comparison with engine operation with the baseline conventional diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Estimation of resistance of engine rubber sealants to influence of mixed diesel fuel

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
O.B. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
S.М. Zybailo ◽  
K.M. Sukhyi ◽  
V.O. Holovenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Solubility Parameter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Nitrile Rubbers ◽  
Butadiene Nitrile Rubber

The sorption-diffusion properties of rubbers in contact with fuels containing methyl esters of fatty acids derived from non-food raw materials have been studied. The hypothesis was advanced according to which there is a dependence of oil resistance of rubbers on their solubility parameter of butadiene-nitrile rubber. The properties of standard oil-resistant rubbers based on butadiene nitrile rubbers of SKN-18 and SKN-40 brands were compared with those of SKN-18-based rubber and Byprene 110 chloroprene-based rubber, to each of them 30% of the plasticized polyvinyl chloride was added. It was found that the contact with the fuel composition, which consists of 70% diesel fuel and 30% methyl esters of fatty acids made from technical sunflower oil, has the strongest destructive effect on all experimental samples of rubber except for rubber-based rubber of SKN-40 brand. It was determined that SKN-40-based rubber, which is characterized by the maximum solubility parameter, is the most stable in relation to fuel compositions containing methyl esters of fatty acids of various origins. Based on the analysis of experimental data, the recommendations were given for the use of SKN-40-based rubber for the manufacture of car engine seals within the global trend to increase the share of alternative components in diesel fuels.

scholarly journals FLAMMABILITY OF HYDROCARBON FRACTIONS OBTAINED BY DESTRUCTION OF POLYMER RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Kyryl Volodymyrovych Shevchenko ◽  
Andriy Borysovych Grigorov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Initial Boiling Point ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Autoignition Temperature

The article discusses the possibility of using hydrocarbon fractions – products of thermal destruction of polymer raw materials (polyethylene and polypropylene) at atmospheric pressure as components of commercial diesel fuels. This approach allows, on the one hand, to improve the properties of commercial diesel fuel, on the other, to increase the competitiveness of domestically produced products. In addition, the problem associated with the accumulation of polymer waste and their negative impact on the environment is also partially solved. The nature of the dependences between such indicators of the quality of fractions 160–350 °C, 200–350 °C, 240–350 °C as the autoignition temperature, the initial boiling point of the fraction and the cetane number as an indicator characterizing the flammability, has been established. The dependence of the autoignition temperature on the boiling point of the fractions has a polynomial character and indicates a decrease in the autoignition temperature with an increase in the boiling point of the fractions. The dependence of the cetane number on the initial boiling point of the fractions is linear and indicates an increase in the cetane number with an increase in the initial boiling point of the fractions. The dependence of the cetane number on the autoignition temperature of the fractions has a polynomial character and indicates a decrease in the cetane number with an increase in the autoignition temperature of the fractions. It was found that the autoignition temperature of the investigated fractions, regardless of the type of polymer raw material, fluctuates in a rather narrow range, from 229 to 348 ° C, and the cetane number – from 41 to 55 units. Based on the literature data, we note that exactly this range is close to the range that commercial diesel fuels have, and the fractions studied by us can be used in the production of diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Advantages of magnetic treatment of diesel fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Надежда Анатольевна Пивоварова ◽  
Nadezhda Anatolievna Pivovarova ◽  
Екатерина Акишина ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Akishina ◽  
Татьяна Владимировна Сальникова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Constant Magnetic Field ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Mechanism Of Impact ◽  
Magnetic Processing

The article focuses on the costs of fuel that take a weighable part in the prime cost of the products. Therefore, the improvement of fuel-efficient technologies has considerable eco-nomic and social effect. Magnetic processing is considered as one of nonconventional methods of fuel processing. Using a constant magnetic field reduces fuel consumption, concentration of un-burnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, and increases thermal effect of the engine operation. The mechanism of impact of magnetic processing on oil systems has been studied in different research works. Magnetic processing reduces thickness, viscosity, surface tension and increases the degree of dispersion of diesel fuel, resulting in smaller drops in the fuel-air mixture, their mixing with the hot gas-air medium, which leads to the complete burning of fuel-air mixture. To increase the efficiency of magnetic impact on fuel it is necessary to choose optimum regime parameters in each specific case. The influence of a constant magnetic field has been investigated in a three-section magnetic tunnel and the necessary parameters of conditions of diesel fuel processing have been determined by the criteria of fuel consumption and carbon monoxide concentration.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

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