Direct Synthesis of MoSe2 Thin Films on SiO2/Si Using Selenization Process of Sputtered Molybdenum

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-585
Author(s):  
Dae-Young Um ◽  
R. Nandi ◽  
Jeong-Hun Yang ◽  
Jin-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Woong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Crystalline Quality ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Molybdenum Diselenide ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Direct Current Sputtering

Recently, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) has attracted nascent research attention for potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices due to its unique properties including tunable bandgap, strong photoluminescence and large exciton binding energy. However, the synthesis of reproducible, controlled and large scale MoSe2 films is still a great challenge. Here, we have investigated the morphology, structure and crystalline quality of MoSe2 films synthesized by the selenization of Mo metal films. The Mo metal films of different thicknesses were deposited at room temperature by direct current sputtering. Subsequently, MoSe2 films were prepared by selenization of sputtered Mo films at 550 °C for 20 minutes. The obtained MoSe2 films are polycrystalline with hexagonal crystal structure. The crystalline quality of the MoSe2 films is improved with increase in the thickness of Mo metal films. The MoSe2 films are found to be n-type in nature and reasonably stoichiometric (Mo/Se ratio ∼1:1.9). This study provides an experimental demonstration of an alternative cost-effective direct synthesis of MoSe2 films on SiO2/Si for the applications of semiconductor devices.

scholarly journals The Dual Character of MAX Phase Nano-Layered Structure Highlighted by Supersonic Particles Deposition

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Alberto Ion ◽  
Pierre Sallot ◽  
Victor Badea ◽  
Patrice Duport ◽  
Camelia Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Max Phase ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Particle Speed ◽  
Phase Coating ◽  
Dual Character

MAX phase compounds offer an attractive mixture of ceramic–metallic properties due to their covalent ionic–metallic nature. Since their discovery, a great interest was attributed to their synthesis and potential applications, but the processing of pure compounds as coatings for industrial large-scale application is still considered a challenge. To date, a limited number of papers have evaluated the build-up of MAX phase coating by cold spray (CS), a novel cost-effective and productive spray technology used in both areas of research and industry. Employing CS, the hot gas-propelled material particles have ballistic impingement on a substrate where they undergo plastic deformation. Because of the brittleness, internal delamination, and limited deformability, the deposition of the pure MAX phase is rather challenging. This paper presents the building-up ability of dense MAX-phase coatings by CS with retained structures and compositions, in close relation with the substrate characteristics and phase composition that influences the dual character ceramic–metallic behaviour. Besides recent literature, the originality of this research consists of pioneering deposition of Ti3AlC2 that emphasizes the ceramic–metallic character influenced by the particle speed and the mechanical properties of both substrate and compound.

GROUP COGNITIVE THERAPY: TREATMENT OF CHOICE OR SUB-OPTIMAL OPTION?

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Quality Of Therapy ◽  
Group Format ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Therapy Treatment

In the present climate of limited resources and long waiting lists, it is not surprising that there is more emphasis on making sure that psychological treatments are not only clinically sound but also cost-effective. One solution to this is to provide time-limited, focused interventions such as cognitive therapy. Another obvious solution is to deliver treatment in groups rather than individually. However, what evidence is there that therapy can be delivered as effectively in groups as individually? This review will look at which different formats have been tried, what the advantages and disadvantages of those formats might be, which client groups have been targeted for cognitive- behavioural group therapy (CBGT), and whether a group format in general offers any advantages over individual CBT. Outcome studies and their implications for the use of CBGT are considered. Results suggest that, in most client groups, there is little difference in efficacy between group and individual CBT, although there is some evidence that results for some types of patient can be disappointing in CBGT. It may be that the best compromise in terms of cost- effectiveness between quality of therapy and quantity of patients treated is offered by large-scale psychoeducational didactic group therapy.

scholarly journals Upstream to downstream: a multiple-assessment-point approach for targeting non-point-source priority management areas at large watershed scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 14535-14555
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
Y. Zhong ◽  
G. Wei ◽  
Z. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multiple Assessment

Abstract. The identification of priority management areas (PMAs) is essential for the control of non-point source (NPS) pollution, especially for a large-scale watershed. However, previous studies have typically focused on small-scale catchments adjacent to specific assessment points; thus, the interactions between multiple river points remain poorly understood. In this study, a multiple-assessment-point PMA (MAP-PMA) framework was proposed by integrating the upstream sources and the downstream transport aspects of NPS pollution. Based on the results, the integration of the upstream input changes was vital for the final PMAs map, especially for downstream areas. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this research recommended that the NPS pollutants could be best controlled among the upstream high-level PMAs when protecting the water quality of the entire watershed. The MAP-PMA framework provided a more cost-effective tool for the establishment of conservation practices, especially for a large-scale watershed.

The preparation and characterization of one-dimensional TiO2 nanostructure by hydrothermal method

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 2040024
Author(s):  
Lin Yu ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Xu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Jin Xiao ◽  
Wei-Long Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Crystalline Quality ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Potential Applications

Titanium dioxide ([Formula: see text]) is a kind of wide bandgap transparent metal oxide semiconductor and has shown great potential applications in photocatalysis, gas sensors and biomedical fields due to its superior properties, such as nontoxic, high photocatalytic efficiency and physicochemical stability. In this work, one-dimensional [Formula: see text] nanostructure was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The morphology and crystalline quality of [Formula: see text] were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results demonstrate that the structure of [Formula: see text] evolved from “flower-like” structure to nanowire with the acid concentration increment. The sintering temperature has an important effect on the structure and crystalline quality of [Formula: see text]. The crystalline quality of [Formula: see text] nanobelt was improved with the annealing temperature increment. When the sintering temperature increased to 1000[Formula: see text]C, the phase of [Formula: see text] would transfer from anatase to rutile.

scholarly journals Upstream to downstream: a multiple-assessment-point approach for targeting non-point-source priority management areas at large watershed scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
Y. Zhong ◽  
G. Wei ◽  
Z. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Nps Pollution ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multiple Assessment

Abstract. The identification of priority management areas (PMAs) is essential for the control of non-point-source (NPS) pollution, especially for a large-scale watershed. However, previous studies have typically focused on small-scale catchments adjacent to specific assessment points; thus, the interactions between multiple river points remain poorly understood. In this study, a multiple-assessment-point PMA (MAP-PMA) framework was proposed by integrating the upstream sources and the downstream transport aspects of NPS pollution. Daning River watershed was taken as a case study in this paper, which has demonstrated that the integration of the upstream input changes was vital for the final PMAs map, especially for downstream areas. Contrary to conventional wisdom, this research recommended that the NPS pollutants could be best controlled among the upstream high-level PMAs when protecting the water quality of the entire watershed. The MAP-PMA framework provided a more cost-effective tool for the establishment of conservation practices, especially for a large-scale watershed.

scholarly journals Layer-engineered large-area exfoliation of graphene

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. eabc6601
Author(s):  
Ji-Yun Moon ◽  
Minsoo Kim ◽  
Seung-Il Kim ◽  
Shuigang Xu ◽  
Jun-Hui Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Thin Metal Film ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Exfoliated Graphene ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Mechanical Cleavage

The competition between quality and productivity has been a major issue for large-scale applications of two-dimensional materials (2DMs). Until now, the top-down mechanical cleavage method has guaranteed pure perfect 2DMs, but it has been considered a poor option in terms of manufacturing. Here, we present a layer-engineered exfoliation technique for graphene that not only allows us to obtain large-size graphene, up to a millimeter size, but also allows selective thickness control. A thin metal film evaporated on graphite induces tensile stress such that spalling occurs, resulting in exfoliation of graphene, where the number of exfoliated layers is adjusted by using different metal films. Detailed spectroscopy and electron transport measurement analysis greatly support our proposed spalling mechanism and fine quality of exfoliated graphene. Our layer-engineered exfoliation technique can pave the way for the development of a manufacturing-scale process for graphene and other 2DMs in electronics and optoelectronics.

scholarly journals PET/CT Radiomics in Lung Cancer: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bianconi ◽  
Isabella Palumbo ◽  
Angela Spanu ◽  
Susanna Nuvoli ◽  
Mario Luca Fravolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Potential Applications

Quantitative extraction of imaging features from medical scans (‘radiomics’) has attracted a lot of research attention in the last few years. The literature has consistently emphasized the potential use of radiomics for computer-assisted diagnosis, as well as for predicting survival and response to treatment. Radiomics is appealing in that it enables full-field analysis of the lesion, provides nearly real-time results, and is non-invasive. Still, a lot of studies suffer from a series of drawbacks such as lack of standardization and repeatability. Such limitations, along with the unmet demand for large enough image datasets for training the algorithms, are major hurdles that still limit the application of radiomics on a large scale. In this paper, we review the current developments, potential applications, limitations, and perspectives of PET/CT radiomics with specific focus on the management of patients with lung cancer.

scholarly journals Data quality of Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing on Illumina platforms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Raine ◽  
Ulrika Liljedahl ◽  
Jessica Nordlund
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bisulfite Treatment ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Genome Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
Software Upgrade ◽  
Impact Data

AbstractThe powerful HiSeq X sequencers with their patterned flowcell technology and fast turnaround times are instrumental for many large-scale genomic and epigenomic studies. However, assessment of DNA methylation by sodium bisulfite treatment results in sequencing libraries of low diversity, which may impact data quality and yield. In this report we assess the quality of WGBS data generated on the HiSeq X system in comparison with data generated on the HiSeq 2500 system and the newly released NovaSeq system. We report a systematic issue with low basecall quality scores assigned to guanines in the second read of WGBS when using certain Real Time Analysis (RTA) software versions on the HiSeq X sequencer, reminiscent of an issue that was previously reported with certain HiSeq 2500 software versions. However, with the HD.3.4.0/RTA 2.7.7 software upgrade for the HiSeq X system, we observed an overall improved quality and yield of the WGBS data generated, which in turn empowers cost-effective and high quality DNA methylation studies.

scholarly journals N-doped porous transition metal-based carbon nanosheet networks as a multifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (20) ◽  
pp. 2924-2927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieting Ding ◽  
Shan Ji ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Hengjun Gai ◽  
Fusheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Zinc Air Batteries

The development of cost-effective and highly efficient multi-functional oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction catalysts has attracted much research attention due to their great potential applications in many advanced clean energy storage and conversion technologies.

A Novel Reinforcement-Learning-Based Approach to Workflow Scheduling Upon Infrastructure-as-a-Service Clouds

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Yunni Xia ◽  
Chun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Correlated Equilibrium ◽  
Workflow Scheduling ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cloud Infrastructures

Recently, the cloud computing paradigm has become increasingly popular in large-scale and complex workflow applications. The workflow scheduling problem, which refers to finding the most suitable resource for each task of the workflow to meet user defined quality of service, attracts considerable research attention. Multi-objective optimization algorithms in workflow scheduling have many limitations (e.g., the encoding schemes in most existing heuristic-based scheduling algorithms require prior experts' knowledge), and thus, they can be ineffective when scheduling workflows upon dynamic cloud infrastructures with real time. A novel reinforcement-learning-based algorithm to multi-workflow scheduling over IaaS is proposed. It aims at optimizing make-span and dwell time and is to achieve a unique set of correlated equilibrium solution. The proposed algorithm is evaluated for famous workflow templates and real-world industrial IaaS by simulation and compared to the current state-of-the-art heuristic algorithms. The result shows that the algorithm outperforms compared algorithm.

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