scholarly journals Cинтактични конструкции с логически субект ‘глагол + ми се’ в българския език

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Димка [Dimka] Савова [Savova]
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Logical Subject

Syntactic structures with logical subject (of the type ‘verb + ми се’) in the Bulgarian language The paper analyses the most frequent group of syntactic structures of the type ‘verb + ми се’, namely impersonal structures that express a need or desire. The author offers a formal and semantic classification and semantic analysis, and identifies the lexical and grammatical constraints regarding the verbs which can be used in these structures. The analyzed material might be of use in the search for relations between the semantic specificity of the studied structures and the linguistic consciousness of modern Bulgarians. Konstrukcje składniowe z podmiotem logicznym (typu ‘czasownik + ми се’) w języku bułgarskim W artykule przebadano grupę konstrukcji składniowych typu ‘czasownik + ми се’ odznaczającą się najwyższą frekwencją, a mianowicie: konstrukcje bezosobowe, które wskazują na jakąś potrzebę albo chęć. Autorka proponuje ich formalną i semantyczną klasyfikację i analizę semantyczną, identyfikuje leksykalne i gramatyczne ograniczenia w łączliwości czasowników, jakie występują w omawianych konstrukcjach. Analizowany materiał może być przydatny w poszukiwaniu związku między specyfiką semantyczną analizowanych struktur a świadomością językową współczesnych Bułgarów.

scholarly journals Lexical and semantic features of the names of herbaceous plants in dialects of the Khanty language

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410
Author(s):  
Fedosia M. Lelkhova
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
The People ◽  
Plant Names

Introduction. The vocabulary of the plant world of the Khanty language contains a significant amount of information, closely connected with ethno-mentality, ethnography and thinking of the people. In this regard, the study of vegetation seems to be one of the most interesting layers of the vocabulary, since it reflects the degree of practical and cultural development of the surrounding nature. The purpose of the article is to establish the lexical and semantic features of the nominations of wild-growing herbs, the definition of dialectal features. The aim of the research is to identify the nominations of herbs with the greatest possible completeness, to establish the lexical meaning of each name in dialects of the language. The relevance of the topic is determined by the research interest to the study of differences between the dialects in the theoretical and practical terms; the attention recently been paid to folk spiritual and material culture; and the loss of certain plant names in the modern Khanty language. Materials and Methods. The study uses a set of methods and techniques for analyzing linguistic material: the method of semantic classification, lexical-semantic analysis, word-formation, linguistic-geographical analysis, as well as the elements of etymological analysis. The description is the main method for studying names of the plants. The source of the material is based on the vocabulary of the Khanty language, which was collected during field work; the source of Eastern dialects was the materials contained in lexicographic publications. When collecting the lexical material, the observation was conducted mainly on the speech of representatives of the older generation, as well as the people who have a traditional way of life, who retain the patterns of active spoken language. At the same time, not only facts that are in the active vocabulary of speakers were recorded, but also the words related to the passive vocabulary, which native speakers use only in conversations and sharing the memories of the past. Results and Discussion. The study of dialectal material based on the names of plants in the Khanty language is of great research interest. The life of the Khanty people since ancient times is closely connected with nature, the vocabulary of the plant world covers almost all spheres of economic activity of the Khanty, thereby making up a significant part of their vocabulary. In Khanty linguistics, this vocabulary has not yet been the subject of a special and detailed study, which makes it an urgent research task for today. The article identifies the signs that underlie the motivation of plant names and highlights the borrowed words. Conclusion. The collected vocabulary tells about the richness and vastness of phytonymic vocabulary of the Khanty language. The authors collected about 50 Khanty names of wild herbaceous plants in the Northern and Eastern dialects of the Khanty language. As a result of the research, new lexemes were identified and described, and the interpretation of the semantics of lexemes was clarified. Late borrowings of Russian origin are recorded. It was found that some dialect words are not actively used in the modern Khanty language. In flora vocabulary, the diversity and multiplicity of the nomination principles was revealed.

A semantic space approach to the computational semantics of noun compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA UTSUMI
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Computational Semantics ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Noun Compounds ◽  
Comparison Algorithms ◽  
Pointwise Mutual Information

AbstractThis study examines the ability of a semantic space model to represent the meaning of noun compounds such as ‘information gathering’ or ‘heart disease.’ For a semantic space model to compute the meaning and the attributional similarity (or semantic relatedness) for unfamiliar noun compounds that do not occur in a corpus, the vector for a noun compound must be computed from the vectors of its constituent words using vector composition algorithms. Six composition algorithms (i.e., centroid, multiplication, circular convolution, predication, comparison, and dilation) are compared in terms of the quality of the computation of the attributional similarity for English and Japanese noun compounds. To evaluate the performance of the computation of the similarity, this study uses three tasks (i.e., related word ranking, similarity correlation, and semantic classification), and two types of semantic spaces (i.e., latent semantic analysis-based and positive pointwise mutual information-based spaces). The result of these tasks is that the dilation algorithm is generally most effective in computing the similarity of noun compounds, while the multiplication algorithm is best suited specifically for the positive pointwise mutual information-based space. In addition, the comparison algorithm works better for unfamiliar noun compounds that do not occur in the corpus. These findings indicate that in general a semantic space model, and in particular the dilation, multiplication, and comparison algorithms have sufficient ability to compute the attributional similarity for noun compounds.

scholarly journals Structural and Semantic Analysis of English and Russian Proverbs about Marriage as a Source of Expression of Cultural and National Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1093
Author(s):  
Tatiana G. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Marital Relations ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
The Family

The article is devoted to the comparative structural and semantic analysis of proverbs of the English and Russian languages with the meaning marriage. The novelty and relevance of the study consists in the fact that the proverbs that go to the heart of the current problems of marriage relations were first analyzed with the use of comparative approach in the context of structural and semantic analysis. In the course of the analysis, on the material of the proverbs of these languages, the main meanings of the proverbs were identified and systematized. The proverbs reveal the view on the value of marriage, the view on the predestination of marriage, the roles of husband and wife, controversial aspects of marital relations, as well as the question of the unity and strength of the family. An important part of the article is the study of male and female views on the problem of marriage, family life and the choice of a life partner. In English proverbs, a critical attitude towards marriage and the mention of the advantages of a bachelor life can be found more often. In Russian proverbs, marriage is generally viewed more positively but almost half of the proverbs that reveal the hardships of life in marriage are proverbs that convey a womans view of marriage. The article reveals lexical components, syntactic structures, artistic techniques and figurative means pertain to the proverbs of both linguistic and cultural ethnic groups. The presence of unique and distinctive proverbs in each language reflects the peculiarities of the historical and cultural experience of the two peoples, but the proverbs of both languages also have many common features. This is explained both by the community of human nature and knowledge, and by borrowing from common sources. Both Russian and English proverbs are characterized by using methods of comparison, contraposition, allegory, the use of personifying metaphors, lexical antonymy, the use of zoonyms, proper nouns and somatisms. In Russian, the emotional and expressive component is higher due to the use of diminutive suffixes, vernacular and vulgar words, they represent more widely archaisms and vocabulary associated with the realities of peasant life. Most Russian proverbs are composed according to the laws of the folklore genre and have a compositional completeness due to their rhythmic and phonetic design. Most of the English proverbs contain sayings, teachings, and use more abstract and neutral vocabulary, although there are also bright and original proverbs among them. The author reveals interaction of the figurative means and the conceptual component of proverbs and concludes that the linguistic means and figurative motivation of proverbs are related to the peculiarities of the national-cultural thinking of the both peoples.

scholarly journals The Implementation of the Conception of Friendship on the Basis of Comparative Structural-semantic Analysis of English and Russian Proverbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-318
Author(s):  
Tatiana G. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Rhythmic Organization ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

The article is devoted to the study of the conception of friendship based on the results of comparative structural-semantic analysis of English and Russian proverbs about friendship. The study includes two complementary steps. The first step consists in formulating the main aspects of the conception of friendship. The second consists in comparing fragments of this proverbial field, which made it possible to explore the implementation of eight aspects of the conception of friendship on the material studied. The clarification of similarities and differences made it possible to identify the specific national and cultural characters of thinking and mentality of the two non-related peoples towards understanding of friendship. The relevance of the study is determined by the novelty of the proposed approach to the study of the conception of friendship based on the comparative structural and semantic analysis of proverbs of two linguistic-cultural ethnic groups, as well as the insufficient knowledge of proverbs expressing the concept of “friendship” from the point of view of identifying their figurative and motivational basis, figurative means (metaphor, metonymy, comparison, personification, gradation, hyperbole, irony, allegory, antithesis), semantics of lexical components, syntactic structures (repetitions, parallelism, ellipsis, compression), expressive means, as well as rhythmic organization. There were selected and systematized similar and unique meanings of English and Russian proverbs as a result of research on the material of these languages. The analysis of these meanings allowed us to explore conception of friendship, thereby providing the basis for deeper rethinking both the conception and the proverbial material. As the part of the study there were observed differences in understanding of a person, personal relationships with others, mutual help, etc. These differences are largely due to the different origins of English and Russian proverbs. Most of the English proverbs are short sayings, which were formed under the influence of Latin expressions and quotations from Bible. Most of the Russian proverbs are peasant by origin and therefore they are closely connected with a specific and imaginative perception of the world. Their expressiveness is much higher at the expense of using the means of oral folk creativity. This analysis made it possible to reveal the role of linguistic means in expressing the mentality of the representatives of both peoples.

scholarly journals Lexical-Semantic Analysis of “Allah” Component Expressions In Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s Novels

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muazzama Foziliya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
National Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Common ◽  
Turkish Language

This article discusses the study of phraseology, one of the most interesting fields of study in world linguistics. Research in Uzbek and Turkish linguistics has been commented on. In Uzbek linguistics, attention is paid to the issue of grouping according to the meaning, lexical, methodological and semantic features of phraseology, and some shortcomings are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the semantic classification of phraseologies, the interpretation of complex phrases. It is explained by the scientific views of Turkish linguists on phraseology, the terms “idiom”, “expression”. It is also argued that the common features of phraseology in all languages of the world are the same, and in the language of writers the use of phraseology to give national identity. Lexical-semantic analysis of phraseologies and phrases refers to the national language, which reflects similarities in the worldview, religion and customs of the speaking population. At the same time, the phraseology used in the Ottoman period in the Turkish language was analyzed lexically and semantically. For this purpose, the author Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels “Choliqushi” (“Çalıkuşu”), “The Enemy of a Woman” (“Bir Kadin Düşmanı”) were chosen as a source. In his novels, Rashod Nuri Guntekin notes that the protagonists used a lot of rhetoric to ensure nationalism in their speech, and that no other can be used in their place. Praising the author’s writing skills, the phraseology in his novels is analyzed lexically and semantically based on certain components. Accordingly, the expressions used by the author in the two works are classified according to a certain system. Author Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels, on the other hand, contain a variety of components. Turkish writer Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels “Cholikushi” and “The Enemy of a Woman” often use the phrase “Allah” and are used by the author to express various meanings.

scholarly journals Mass media discourse as an innovative means of representing the image of China in the British media language

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Dmitriy N. Kuzmin ◽  
◽  
Nadezhda A. Kozhura ◽  
Diana A. Smirnova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Object Of Study

Nowadays, mass-media discourse is a common object of study in various research works. This is connected with the fact that information and telecommunication technologies are developing at a fast pace. Mass media discourse is inseparable from society, that is, a large audience for whom information is transmitted in a simplified form.The media seeks to influence public consciousness through mass-media discourse, forming certain attitudes and values in the public mind. The aim of the study is to identify the main conceptual characteristics of China's image, as presented in the British mass media discourse. The research analyzes articles on political and economic issues about China published by the British media. By means of contextual, conceptual and semantic analysis the authors identify and describe such basic conceptual characteristics of China's image being formed in the British mass-media discourse, as China – a business partner of Great Britain, China – a threat to the global economy, China – a state with slowing down development. The first conceptual characteristic presents China as a state it is economically profitable to cooperate with. The second one, in turn, indicates that the state of its economy affects the situation in the world. As for the third characteristic, it describes China as a country with less progressive development. In addition, there is a semantic classification of the lexical units characterizing China, as well as a comparative analysis of the percentage of words and expressions used. These conceptual characteristics are expressed by such parts of speech as nounsadjectives, verbs and adverbs, as well as by verb phrases. The words and expressions used fully describe Great Britain, confirming the accuracy of the highlighted characteristics.

Quantitative Semantic Analysis and Comprehension by Cognitive Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 673-688
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang ◽  
Mehrdad Valipour ◽  
Omar A. Zatarain
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Semantic Hierarchy ◽  
Formal Concepts ◽  
Concept Classification ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Knowledge Learning

Knowledge learning is the sixth and the most fundamental category of machine learning mimicking the brain. It is recognized that the semantic space of machine knowledge is a hierarchical concept network (HCN), which can be rigorously represented by formal concepts in concept algebra and semantic algebra. This paper presents theories and algorithms of hierarchical concept classification by quantitative semantic analysis based on machine learning. Semantic equivalence between formal concepts is rigorously measured by an Algorithm of Concept Equivalence Analysis (ACEA). The semantic hierarchy among formal concepts is quantitatively determined by an Algorithm of Relational Semantic Classification (ARSC). Experiments applying Algorithms ACEA and ARSC on a set of formal concepts have been successfully conducted, which demonstrate a deep machine understanding of formal concepts and quantitative relations in the hierarchical semantic space by machine learning beyond human empirical perspectives.

scholarly journals A Contrastive Study of Resultative Constructions in English, Japanese and Chinese

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Resultative Constructions ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Researching on resultative constructions has become a hot topic in linguistic field in recent years, because it plays an important role in illuminating the nature of lexical semantics and its relationship with syntax. This paper simply contrasts resultative constructions in English, Japanese and Chinese from the perspectives of their syntactic structures and Washio’s (1997) semantic distinctions, that is, strong resultatives and weak resultatives. I mainly discuss their similarities and differences to deepen our understanding of resultative constructions among these three languages. This paper is organized as follows: section 1 simply introduces types of resultative constructions in English, Japanese and Chinese; section 2 introduces Washio's analysis of strong and weak resultatives; section 3 compares V-V compound resultatives in Japanese and Chinese to illustrate their differences; section 4 compares resultative constructions in three languages which are based on Washio’s (1997) semantic analysis to identify the differences on resultatives in these three languages and furtherly explain why Japanese has only weak resultatives, according to Washio’s analysis; section 5 is the conclusion of this paper.

Quantitative Semantic Analysis and Comprehension by Cognitive Machine Learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang ◽  
Mehrdad Valipour ◽  
Omar A. Zatarain
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Relational Semantic ◽  
Semantic Hierarchy ◽  
Formal Concepts ◽  
Concept Classification ◽  
The Brain

Knowledge learning is the sixth and the most fundamental category of machine learning mimicking the brain. It is recognized that the semantic space of machine knowledge is a hierarchical concept network (HCN), which can be rigorously represented by formal concepts in concept algebra and semantic algebra. This paper presents theories and algorithms of hierarchical concept classification by quantitative semantic analysis based on machine learning. Semantic equivalence between formal concepts is rigorously measured by an Algorithm of Concept Equivalence Analysis (ACEA). The semantic hierarchy among formal concepts is quantitatively determined by an Algorithm of Relational Semantic Classification (ARSC). Experiments applying Algorithms ACEA and ARSC on a set of formal concepts have been successfully conducted, which demonstrate a deep machine understanding of formal concepts and quantitative relations in the hierarchical semantic space by machine learning beyond human empirical perspectives.

scholarly journals Lexical-Semantic Analysis of Various Component Phraseology in Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s Novels

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muazzama Foziliya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
National Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The Common ◽  
Turkish Language

This article discusses one of the most interesting scientific disciplines in world linguistics, the study of phraseology. Research in Uzbek and Turkish linguistics has been commented on. In Uzbek linguistics, attention is paid to the issue of grouping according to the meaning, lexical, methodological and semantic features of phraseology, and some shortcomings are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the semantic classification of phraseologies, the interpretation of complex phrases. It is explained by the scientific views of Turkish linguists on phraseology, the terms “idiom”, “expression”. It is also argued that the common features of phraseology in all languages of the world are the same, and in the language of writers the use of phraseology to give national identity. Lexical-semantic analysis of phraseologies and phrases refers to the national language, which reflects similarities in the worldview, religion and customs of the speaking population. At the same time, the phraseology used in the Ottoman period in the Turkish language was analyzed lexically and semantically. For this purpose, the author Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels “Çalıkuşu” (Cholikushi), “Bir Kadin Düşmanı” (An Enemy of a Woman) were chosen as a source. In his novels, Rashod Nuri Guntekin notes that the protagonists used a lot of rhetoric to ensure nationalism in their speech, and that no other can be used in their place. Praising the author’s writing skills, the phraseology in his novels is analyzed lexically and semantically based on certain components. Accordingly, the expressions used by the author in the two works are classified according to a certain system. Author Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels, on the other hand, contain a variety of components. Turkish writer Rashod Nuri Guntekin’s novels “Cholikushi” and “An Enemy of a Woman” contain various component expressions and the author uses them to express different meanings.

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