scholarly journals Спричиненість іронічної вербальної реакції на маніпуляцію позитивом

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ірина [Iryna] Юріївна [IUriïvna] Шкіцька [Shkits′ka]

Causes of Ironic Verbal Response to Positive ManipulationThis article analyses verbal expressions of ironic reaction to the manipulative use of compliments and speech markers of favourable attitude to the addressee. It is based on Ukrainian-language material. The study focuses on one particu­lar type of response to the manipulative tactic of increasing the interlocutor’s significance, a glaring example of positive manipulation strategy. The tactic under consideration essentially consists in communicating information which is favourable to the interlocutor by means of compliments, praises and utterances conveying a positive attitude, employed with a view to changing the interlocutor’s behaviour or their mental state in the manipulator’s interest.The article considers verbal irony as a reaction to positive manipulation in formal and informal settings, taking into account differences in the degree of familiarity between the interlocutors, their age, gender, status, social roles and the type of relations between them.The study identifies the main reasons of ironic reactions to positive manipula­tion: exaggerated positive evaluation or excessively positive attitude to the addressee; unsuccessful choice of the subject of positive evaluation or the form of the com­pliment; marking the compliment with surprise or doubt that the addressee has certain positive qualities; the nature of the communicative situation or the content of utterances which accompany positive manipulation; requests which contradict values, norms of social conduct or intentions of the addressee; violation of distance during the conversation, in particular ignoring the level of familiarity, status and age hierarchy; negative experience of previous communicative encounters with the manipulator.The study also identifies the subjects of evaluation and the topics of manipu­lative compliments which provoke ironic reaction on the part of the addressee. It pinpoints the content of utterances with covert ironic reaction to manipula­tive praise or manipulative expression of favourable attitude. As established, the dominant semantic type of manipulative utterances which cause ironic reactions in situations of inter-gender interaction are the compliments which characterise the interlocutor’s appearance.Przyczyny ironicznej reakcji werbalnej na manipulację pozytywną Niniejszy artykuł analizuje ironiczną reakcję werbalną adresata na manipu­lacyjne użycie komplementów i elementów wyrażających przychylne nastawie­nie. Opierając się na materiale w języku ukraińskim, skupia się na określonym typie reakcji na taktykę manipulacji polegającą na podnoszeniu znaczenia rozmówcy i stanowiącą jaskrawy przykład strategii pozytywnej manipulacji. Istota rozważanej taktyki polega na przekazywaniu informacji, które stawiają rozmówcę w korzystnym świetle: zastosowanie komplementów, pochwał i wypo­wiedzi wyrażających pozytywne nastawienie ma na celu zmianę zachowania rozmówcy lub jego stanu psychicznego w interesie manipulatora.Artykuł omawia ironię słowną jako reakcję na manipulację pozytywną w sytuacjach formalnych i nieformalnych, biorąc pod uwagę różnice w stopniu wzajemnej znajomości oraz wieku, płci, statusie, rolach społecznych i rodzaju relacji pomiędzy rozmówcami.Analiza materiału pozwoliła na ustalenie głównych przyczyn ironicznych reakcji na manipulację pozytywną: przesadnie pozytywna ocena lub przesadnie pozytywne podejście do adresata; nieudany wybór przedmiotu pozytywnej oceny lub formy komplementu; obecność elementu zaskoczenia, że adresat ma określone pozytywne cechy, lub wątpliwości, czy je ma; charakter sytuacji komu­nikacyjnej lub treść wypowiedzi towarzyszących manipulacji; wyrażenie przez manipulatora oczekiwań sprzecznych z wartościami, społecznymi normami postępowania lub intencjami adresata; naruszenie dystansu podczas rozmowy, w szczególności ignorowanie stopnia zażyłości, statusu i hierarchii wiekowej; negatywne doświadczenia z poprzednich interakcji z manipulatorem.Omawiany materiał pozwolił także wskazać przedmioty oceny i tematy komplementów, które wywołują ironiczną reakcję adresata, oraz scharakte­ryzować treść wypowiedzi, które zawierają zawoalowaną ironiczną reakcję na manipulacyjne pochwały lub elementy wyrażające przychylne nastawienie. Jak ustalono, dominującym elementem semantycznym wypowiedzi manipu­lacyjnych, które wywołują ironiczne reakcje w interakcji między rozmówcami przeciwnej płci, są komplementy odnoszące się do wyglądu rozmówcy.

2018 ◽  
pp. 482-499
Author(s):  
Wee Hoe Tan ◽  
Sean Neill ◽  
Sue Johnston-Wilder

This chapter investigates the reasons behind the attitude differences of professionals involved in Game-Based Learning (GBL). Semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2009 and March 2010 with 11 Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) and 11 game experts in the UK. The interviews aimed to explain why the professionals' attitudes were statistically significantly less positive when comparing what GBL could ideally achieve and what it usually achieves. The negative experience encountered by the interviewees is the key reason of the attitude differences. The accountability culture of UK education diminished SMEs' confidence in GBL practice, and the condition was further impaired with the lack of good quality games. Time constraints, online security for minors, and teachers' lack of understanding about games were also the challenges faced by the GBL practitioners. Meanwhile, 5 factors of positive GBL practice were identified in the study (i.e. flexibility, use of media-rich resources, positive attitude towards new teaching methods, trendy learning strategies, and maturation of GBL systems). Based on the positive and negative experiences shared by the interviewees, the chapter proposes a guideline for ideal GBL practice, which highlights how successful GBL practice could be replicated and how failed attempts could be avoided.


Author(s):  
Mario Arias-Oliva ◽  
Jorge Pelegrín-Borondo ◽  
Ala Ali Almahameed ◽  
Jorge de Andrés-Sánchez

A so-called COVID-19 passport or Immunity passport (IP) has been proposed to facilitate the mobility of individuals while the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic persists. A COVID-19 passport can play a key role in the control of the pandemic, specifically in areas with a high density of population, and the help of smart city technology could be very useful to successfully implement IPs. This research studies the impact of ethical judgments on user attitudes toward using vaccine passports based on a Multidimensional Ethics Scale (MES) that contains five ethical constructs: moral equity, relativism, egoism, utilitarianism, and contractualism. Regression analysis shows that MES satisfactorily explains attitude (R2 = 87.82%, p < 0.001) and that a positive evaluation in moral equity, egoism and utilitarianism is significant (p < 0.001). The objective of the passport (variable leisure) shows a significant negative moderating effect on moral equity (coefficient = −0.147, p = 0.0302) and a positive one on relativism (coefficient = 0.158, p = 0.0287). Adjustment by means of fsQCA shows that five ethical constructs satisfactorily explain both favorable and unfavorable attitudes toward IPs. Solutions explaining acceptance attain an overall consistency (cons) = 0.871 and coverage (cov) = 0.980. In the case of resistance, we found that cons = 0.979 and cov = 0.775. However, that influence is asymmetrical. To have a positive attitude toward the passport, it is a sufficient condition to attain a positive evaluation on a single ethical factor. On the other hand, when explaining resistance, and with the exception of the recipe ~utilitarianism (cons = 0.911 and cov = 0.859), explanatory prime implications require the interaction of at least two variables. Likewise, the context in which the passport is required is significant to explain rejection.


Author(s):  
Wee Hoe Tan ◽  
Sean Neill ◽  
Sue Johnston-Wilder

This chapter investigates the reasons behind the attitude differences of professionals involved in Game-Based Learning (GBL). Semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2009 and March 2010 with 11 Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) and 11 game experts in the UK. The interviews aimed to explain why the professionals' attitudes were statistically significantly less positive when comparing what GBL could ideally achieve and what it usually achieves. The negative experience encountered by the interviewees is the key reason of the attitude differences. The accountability culture of UK education diminished SMEs' confidence in GBL practice, and the condition was further impaired with the lack of good quality games. Time constraints, online security for minors, and teachers' lack of understanding about games were also the challenges faced by the GBL practitioners. Meanwhile, 5 factors of positive GBL practice were identified in the study (i.e. flexibility, use of media-rich resources, positive attitude towards new teaching methods, trendy learning strategies, and maturation of GBL systems). Based on the positive and negative experiences shared by the interviewees, the chapter proposes a guideline for ideal GBL practice, which highlights how successful GBL practice could be replicated and how failed attempts could be avoided.


1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen N. McConville ◽  
Clark Leavitt
Keyword(s):  

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie C. Kennedy ◽  
Larry Bennett

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