scholarly journals Od przysłówka do przedrostka (na przykładzie polskiego współ-)

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

From an Adverb to a Prefix: The Case of the Polish współ-In the modern Polish language, it is difficult to determine in an unambiguous manner the word-formative status of formations which feature the element współ-. Such elements are treated as compounds or, more frequently, as prefixal forms. Historically, these elements, along with the constructions spół-, społu, constituted a class of compounds which were synonymous. The first attestations of the structures which are discussed in this article date back to as early as the Old Polish period (cf. społupomoc, społudziedzic), although their expansion occurred only in the nineteenth century (e.g. współdryblas, współdziałać, współinteresowany). The development of this derivative group is clearly associated with the evolution of adverbs of the type społu, pospołu, wespół, współ, wspołek; it mainly consists in the expansion of the forms which feature współ on the one hand, and in the slow process of disassociation of the relationship in question on the other. Owing to specialisation of the forms współ, spół in the derivational function (a process relatively discernible since the sixteenth century), we may speak about a slow process of their transformation into a prefix, which intensified along with the process of the obsolescence of the adverb wespół. Od przysłówka do przedrostka (na przykładzie polskiego współ-)We współczesnej polszczyźnie trudno jednoznacznie określić status słowotwórczy formacji z cząstką współ-. Są traktowane bądź jako złożenia, bądź – częściej – jako formy prefiksalne. W historii tworzyły razem z konstrukcjami ze spół-, społu klasę synonimicznych względem siebie złożeń. Pierwsze poświadczenia opisywanych struktur pochodzą już z czasów staropolskich (por. społupomoc, społudziedzic), jednak ich ekspansja następuje dopiero około XIX wieku (np. współdryblas, współdziałać, współinteresowany). Rozwój tej grupy derywacyjnej wyraźnie powiązany jest z ewolucją przysłówków typu społu, pospołu, wespół, współ, wspołek i polega przede wszystkim z jednej strony na ekspansji form z współ, z drugiej, na powolnym odrywaniu się od wspomnianego związku. Ze względu na dość wyraźną już od XVI wieku specjalizację form współ, spół w funkcji derywacyjnej, możemy mówić o powolnym ich przekształcaniu się w prefiks. Wraz z wycofywaniem się z języka przysłówka wespół proces ten nasilił się.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Continuity and Change: Shifts in Labour Relations in the Potosí Mines (1680–1812)

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (S24) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Barragán Romano
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The One

AbstractLabour relations in the silver mines of Potosí are almost synonymous with the mita, a system of unfree work that lasted from the end of the sixteenth century until the beginning of the nineteenth century. However, behind this continuity there were important changes, but also other forms of work, both free and self-employed. The analysis here is focused on how the “polity” contributed to shape labour relations, especially from the end of the seventeenth century and throughout the eighteenth century. This article scrutinizes the labour policies of the Spanish monarchy on the one hand, which favoured certain economic sectors and regions to ensure revenue, and on the other the initiatives both of mine entrepreneurs and workers – unfree, free, and self-employed – who all contributed to changing the system of labour.

scholarly journals La rocca Paolina di Perugia. Da baluardo dell’inaccessibilità a landmark dell’accessibilità

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Belardi ◽  
Luca Martini ◽  
Valeria Menchetelli
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Continuous Evolution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The Rocca Paolina of Perugia. From a fortress of inaccessibility to a landmark of accessibilityBuilt in the Perugia acropolis in the mid-sixteenth century as a physical expression of the oppressive reprisal of Pope Paul III against the city’s seigniory of the Baglioni family, the Rocca Paolina has always been hated by the Perugia people who, on several occasions during the nineteenth century, did not hesitate to demolish it. The historical events of this fortified architecture are ambiguously linked with its iconographic value, oscillating around a balance in continuous evolution that sees it on the one hand as a fortress of inaccessibility and on the other hand as a flywheel of accessibility.

Socioeconomic Change, Peasant Household Structure and Demographic Behavior in a French Department

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-181
Author(s):  
James R. Lehning
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Household Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socioeconomic Change ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
Peasant Household ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The article focuses on the relationship between social and economic structure and household structure, on the one hand, and household structure and demographic behavior on the other. The analysis provides some insight into the factors that determined household structure and demographic behavior in the two nineteenth-century villages in the Loire district in France-one village agricultural and the other with a protoindustrial sector. Labor needs imposed on the household by the economy helped to determine the structure of that household, and, especially by way of nuptiality, such considerations could also affect reproduction. Nevertheless, it would be pressing the evidence much too far to suggest that only household structure determined demographic behavior.

“Irish First”: Daniel O’Connell, the Native Manufacture Campaign, and Economic Nationalism, 1840–44

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
Irish History ◽  
Public Comment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Land Question ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between nationalism and the land, observes Philip Bull in his recent study of the Irish land question, “formed a nexus which was so strong that the one issue became effectively a metaphor for the other.” Any student of nineteenth-century Irish politics can appreciate the force of this eloquent conclusion. Nevertheless, the preoccupation with the land by contemporaries and historians alike has relegated an important strand of economic nationalism devoted to manufacturing industry to a footnote in Irish history. The fate of manufacturing industry in the aftermath of the Union of 1800 is the subject of controversy among scholars suggesting, at the very least, substantial regional and sectoral variations. Contemporaries, however, were in little doubt that Irish manufacturing industry was suffering from terminal decline, a perception that had formed a regular reprise in public comment throughout the previous century. As John O’Connell wrote in 1849 “the question of Irish manufacturing has been, for more than a century and a half, one of the chief grounds of bitterness and bickerings” between Ireland and England.

Genius, Method, and Morality: Images of Newton in Britain, 1760–1860

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodology Of Science

The ArgumentFocusing on the celebrations of Newton and his work, this article investigates the use of the concept of genius and its connection with debates on the methodology of science and the morality of great discoverers. During the period studied, two areas of tension developed. Firstly, eighteenth-century ideas about the relationship between genius and method were challenged by the notion of scientific genius as transcending specifiable rules of method. Secondly, assumptions about the nexus between intellectual and moral virtue were threatened by the emerging conception of genius as marked by an extraordinary personality – on the one hand capable of breaking with established methods to achieve great discoveries, on the other, likely to transgress moral and social conventions. The assesments of Newton by nineteenth-century scientists such as Brewster, Whewell, and De Morgan were informed by these tensions.

scholarly journals Walter Scott and the Islamic East: Ivanhoe and the Talisman

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 758-764
Author(s):  
Nisreen Tawfiq Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sir Walter Scott ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
The West ◽  
Walter Scott ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
East West

This paper examines representations of the Islamic East in two novels by Sir Walter Scott: Ivanhoe (1820) and The Talisman (1825). The paper’s argument is that Scott’s representations of the Islamic East seems influenced in very specific ways by dominant nineteenth-century portrayals of the East. Scott’s two novels present ambivalent depictions of the East, some of which deviate from standard patterns of representation of earlier centuries. For instance, on the one hand his novels attribute positive spiritual qualities to Saracens such as generosity, bravery and kindness to animals, while on the other, and often in the same passage, they sometimes depict Saracens as violent and atavistic. I argue that, through his various narrators and characters, Scott depicts the relationship between the Islamic East and the Christian West as a significant form of cultural interaction whereby the East is presented as complementing the West. However, Scott’s portrayal of East-West relation is complex, and it would be inaccurate to claim that this denotes total acceptance of Islamic manners, customs and perspectives. 

The Letter concerning Enmities as a Polemical Source for Monastic Relations of the Mid-Sixteenth Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The One

The Letter concerning Enmities between the Kirillov and Iosifov Monasteries has been used since the middle of the nineteenth century as a major source for monastic relations of the early sixteenth century. It is a mid-sixteenth-century composition extant in a single copy. Most likely composed in the Volokolamsk Monastery by Vassian Koshka (d. 1568), the former archimandrite of the Vozmitsk Monastery, the Letter describes disagreements between Nil Sorskii and his follower Vassian Patrikeev, on the one hand, and Iosif Volotskii and his followers Dionisii Zvenigorodskii and Nil Polev, on the other. It is a polemical source intended to convince the reader that Nil Sorskii and Vassian Patrikeev provoked these disagreements. Containing inaccuracies, inexactitudes, and unconfirmable assertions, the testimony of the Letter differs from early sixteenth-century sources. It is not a reliable source of evidence for the early sixteenth century, but the point of view of its author is better understood within the context of Church-State and internal monastic relations of the post-Stoglav middle of the sixteenth century.

Rhetorical Patterns in the Writings of Martin Luther Rhetorische Textmuster in Martin Luthers Schriften

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-239
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhetorical Style ◽  
Rhetorical Patterns ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the rhetorical characteristics of Martin Luther's texts in the first third of the sixteenth century. Two specific textual types are compared. On the one hand, we have the polemical 'Widder den newen Abgott und allten Teuffel, der zu Meyssen sol erhaben werden' (1524); and on the other, the didactic pamphlet 'Von Ordnung gotes dienst in der gemain' (1523). The following questions are addressed: 1) How do these documents convey new reformatory ideas against the Catholic mainstream? 2) How consistent are both texts in terms of rhetorical style? 3) How can the relationship between the rhetorical compositional features and the supposed intention of each document be characterised? The article concludes that dialectical patterns of thesis and antithesis structure Lutheran texts of this period. Der Beitrag untersucht rhetorische Kompositionsmuster anhand zweier Lutherschriften. Miteinander verglichen werden die Streitschrift 'Widder den newen Abgott und allten Teuffel, der zu Meyssen sol erhaben werden' (1524) und die Unterweisungsschrift 'Von Ordnung gotes dienst in der gemain' (1523). Sowohl antithetische Argumentationsschemata als auch rhetorische Muster bilden einen konstitutiven Bestandteil innerhalb der agitatorischprogrammatischen Schriften Luthers.

Between cosmopolitanism and nationhood: Italian opera in the early nineteenth century

Modern Italy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Sorba
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Context ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One ◽  
Opera Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Romantic Narratives

The revival of interest in music evident in recent historiography has led to an investigation of the specifically transnational nature of musical languages and practices. This article explores the possibility of re-reading in a transnational perspective the classical theme of the relationship between the Risorgimento and opera. It focuses on two different points of view: on the one hand, the construction of the librettos as a delicate balance between European romantic narratives and dramatic themes evoking nationalistic sentiments; on the other, the fact that ideas and practices of the theatre as a vehicle of political mobilisation developed in a broad international context where Mazzini and many other nationalists found inspiration in multinational political experiences and discourses. The article concludes by saying that the meanings of terms such as cosmopolitanism and nationalism need to be carefully weighed when we look at nineteenth-century opera production. Only in the closing decades of the century did genuine competition between national traditions arise, which led in Italy to a veritable ‘obsession’ with ‘Italianness’ in music.

scholarly journals The Politics of Time

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This article traces the uses of zeitgeist in early nineteenth-century European political discourse. To explain the concept's explosive takeoff in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, two perspectives are combined. On the one hand, the concept is shown to be a key element in the new, “temporalized” discourses of cultural reflection emerging during this time. On the other, its pragmatic value as a linguistic tool in concrete political constellations is outlined on the basis of case studies from French, British, and German political discourse. Developing this two-sided perspective, the article sheds light on an important aspect of early nineteenth-century political discourse while also pointing to some general considerations concerning the relationship between the semantic and pragmatic analysis of historical language use.

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