scholarly journals Dynamic verbs in the Wordnet of Polish

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dziob ◽  
Maciej Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Circular Structures ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
Lexical Relations

Dynamic verbs in the Wordnet of PolishThe paper presents patterns of co-occurrences of wordnet relations involving verb lexical units in plWordNet - a large wordnet of Polish. The discovered patterns reveal tendencies of selected synset and lexical relations to form regular circular structures of clear semantic meanings. They involve several types of relations, e.g., presupposition, cause, processuality and antonymy, do not have a necessary character (there are exceptions), but can be used in wordnet diagnostics and guidelines for wordnet editors. The analysis is illustrated with numerous positive and negative examples, as well as statistics for verb relations in plWordNet 4.0 emo. Some attempts to a more general, linguistic explanation of the observed phenomena are also made. As a background, plWordNet model of linguistic character is briefly recollected. A special attention is given to the verb part. In addition the description of dynamic verbs by relations and features is discussed in details including relation definitions and substitution tests. Czasowniki dynamiczne w Słowosieci - wordnecie języka polskiego W artykule zostały przedstawione wzorce współwystępowania relacji leksykalno-semantycznych obejmujących czasownikowe jednostki leksykalne w ramach Słowosieci - wielkiego relacyjnego słownika języka polskiego, wordnetu języka polskiego. Tłem obserwacji jest Słowosieć 4.0 emo, dla której omówiono skrótowo system relacji czasownikowych wraz ze statystykami. Szczególną uwagę autorzy poświęcili czasownikom dynamicznym i ich typowym relacjom, dla których przedstawiono testy substytucji z wytycznych do relacyjnego opisu czasownika, zdefiniowanych na potrzeby edycji Słowosieci przez lingwistów. Opisane w artykule wzorce współwystępowania ukazują tendencje niektórych relacji synsetów (tj. zbiorów synonimów) i jednostek leksykalnych (m.in. presupozycji, kauzacji, procesywności i antonimii) do tworzenia regularnych struktur, specyfikujących znaczenie wszystkich jednostek/synsetów, połączonych za pomocą danych relacji. Współwystępowania relacji wg wzorców nie mają charakteru obligatoryjnego, dlatego też w artykule przedstawiono zarówno pozytywne, jak i negatywne przykłady jednostek i synsetów, połączonych ze sobą za pomocą relacji współwystępujących, jak i pewne uwagi natury ogólnej, wskazujące na językowy charakter obserwowanego zjawiska. Oprócz znaczenia poznawczego, związanego ze współzależnościami, jakie zachodzą w obrębie systemu językowego, opis tych regularności ma również znaczenie praktyczne - może być wykorzystany przy diagnostyce wordnetu oraz w wytycznych dla lingwistów.

Children’s Recall of Approximations to English

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Carrow ◽  
Michael Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Index ◽  
General Linguistic

As a general index of language development, the recall of first through fourth order approximations to English was examined in four, five, six, and seven year olds and adults. Data suggested that recall improved with age, and increases in approximation to English were accompanied by increases in recall for six and seven year olds and adults. Recall improved for four and five year olds through the third order but declined at the fourth. The latter finding was attributed to deficits in semantic structures and memory processes in four and five year olds. The former finding was interpreted as an index of the development of general linguistic processes.

scholarly journals The impact of Labov's contribution to general linguistic theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Cornips ◽  
Frans Gregersen
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Sassy Sasha?: The intersectionality of (im)politeness and sociolinguistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Troutman
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black Women ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Online Assessments ◽  
General Linguistic

Abstract This article focuses on intersections of race, gender, class, and (im)politeness within the African American speech community (AASC). Although general linguistic theorizing aims at universalizing (im)politeness, ultimately identifying common components within human (im)politeness systems worldwide, African American perspectives have not been interjected within that broader theorizing. Thus, I examine (im)politeness from the perspective of African Americans with a focus on females’ linguistic and nonlinguistic behaviors. A plethora of work examines, challenges, and refutes stereotypical gender. I explore facets of the stereotypical, particularly as applied to Black females with the aim of broadening understandings of (im)politeness based on cultural variation. Specifically, I examine sassy as a social construct when applied to Black women in U.S. contexts, especially two Black women’s online assessments of sassy performativity by Sasha Obama, as a vehicle for allowing Black women’s voices and experiences to enter into theory-making. The analysis is interpretative and idiographic. The two African American women bloggers’ words and meanings suggest that (im)politeness within the AASC resides in sociolinguistics, not pragmatics. As a result of the analysis, I suggest that (im)politeness theorizing could pay attention to the social embodiedness of human polite and impolite behaviors. This, in part, constitutes the sociolinguistics of (im)politeness.

PRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF AUTHOR’S AND TRANSFORMED PHRASEOLOGIES IN THE WORK OF CARLOS RUIZ ZAFÓN «THE PRISONER OF HEAVEN»

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Bovsunivska A. Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Textual Space ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Individual Style

The article is devoted to the study of pragmatic aspects of the use of phraseology in the textual space of Carlos Ruiz Safón’s novel «Prisoner of Heaven». One of the defining features of the individual style of this well-known modern Spanish writer is the metaphoricity and figuration of aristic expression, the saturation of the text with phraseological units that play a significant role in creating a pragmatic charge of the work of art. Along with general linguistic phraseological units, which include commonly-used vocabulary, the author uses dialectal and authorial phraseological units, which is a feature of his individual style. All three designated groups of phraseological units mostly reflect the negative psychophysical and emotional state of the characters. The author uses dialectal, individually-authorial and modified phraseological units, which is a feature of his individual style. It is determined that transformation is one of the most productive and most effective ways to update linguistic means in works of art. Author’s modification of FU leads to a change in the semantics and structure of expression, gives it a more expressive or emotional coloring. Transformed phraseology is limited to individual usage and is subject to the context of the work. Modified FUs in the Zafón’s artistic space acquire certain aesthetic and artistic qualities. Their modification is mainly to create the desired stylistic effect – to achieve emotional or expressive expression, which increases the reader’s interest, focuses on the content, issues of the work, as well as reveals the potential expressive potential of the Spanish language. In the transformed FUs, not just a new meaning is traced, but a combination of the well-known and the occasional. The unique combination of different types of phraseological units in the novel is considered a manifestation of individual style and makes a representation of the individually-authorial linguistic picture of the world more expressive.

scholarly journals Towards Accurate and Efficient Chinese Part-of-Speech Tagging

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Xiaojun Wan
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unlabeled Data ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Test Time ◽  
System Combination ◽  
Pos Tagging ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Lexical Relations

From the perspective of structural linguistics, we explore paradigmatic and syntagmatic lexical relations for Chinese POS tagging, an important and challenging task for Chinese language processing. Paradigmatic lexical relations are explicitly captured by word clustering on large-scale unlabeled data and are used to design new features to enhance a discriminative tagger. Syntagmatic lexical relations are implicitly captured by syntactic parsing in the constituency formalism, and are utilized via system combination. Experiments on the Penn Chinese Treebank demonstrate the importance of both paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations. Our linguistically motivated, hybrid approaches yield a relative error reduction of 18% in total over state-of-the-art baselines. Despite the effectiveness to boost accuracy, computationally expensive parsers make hybrid systems inappropriate for many realistic NLP applications. In this article, we are also concerned with improving tagging efficiency at test time. In particular, we explore unlabeled data to transfer the predictive power of hybrid models to simple sequence models. Specifically, hybrid systems are utilized to create large-scale pseudo training data for cheap models. Experimental results illustrate that the re-compiled models not only achieve high accuracy with respect to per token classification, but also serve as a front-end to a parser well.

Root lexical features and inflectional marking of tense in Proto-Indo-European

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNAMARIA BARTOLOTTA
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Lexical Feature ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Approaches ◽  
Shed Light

This paper examines early inflectional morphology related to the tense-aspect system of Proto-Indo-European. It will be argued that historical linguistics can shed light on the long-standing debate over the emergence of tense-aspect morphology in language acquisition. The dispute over this issue is well-known; it has been pursued mostly by scholars following various general linguistic approaches, from typology to acquisition, but also by historical linguists and Indo-Europeanists, who have long debated about the precedence of aspect or tense from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. However, so far Indo-Europeanists have rarely confronted their results in a successful way with recent research in other fields such as acquisition or neurolinguistics. The aim of this paper is to put forward evidence from the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European verbal system concerning the prominent role of root lexical aspect features in the emergence of grammatical marking of tense in the proto-language. More precisely, by means of a comparison between the residual archaic verbal forms of theinjunctivein Vedic Sanskrit and the corresponding augmentless preterites in Homeric Greek, it will be argued that the [±telic] lexical feature of the inherited verbal root is responsible for a non-random distribution of past tense inflected forms in an earlier verbal paradigm.

scholarly journals A Social Choice Analysis of the Borda Rule in a General Linguistic Framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Garcia-Lapresta ◽  
Bonifacio Llamazares ◽  
Miguel Martinez-Panero
Keyword(s):  
Social Choice ◽  
Borda Rule ◽  
Choice Analysis ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Framework
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