Case 195 - Japan - Import Quotas on Dried Laver and Seasoned Laver

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
Dried Laver ◽  
Import Quotas

French Import Quotas. F. A. Haight

1936 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-574
Author(s):  
Marjorie Franklin Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Import Quotas

The Effects of Import Quotas on National Welfare: Comment

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-587
Author(s):  
Omer Gokcekus ◽  
Edward Tower
Keyword(s):  
National Welfare ◽  
Import Quotas

The Effects of Import Quotas on National Welfare: Does Money Matter?

1997 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Palivos ◽  
Chong K. Yip
Keyword(s):  
National Welfare ◽  
Import Quotas

scholarly journals Rien ne Va Plus? Distinguishing domestic regulation from market access in GATT and GATS

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOOST PAUWELYN
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Market Intervention ◽  
Domestic Regulation ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Import Quotas

Depending on how one classifies market intervention, trade liberalization disciplines can be lenient or strict. Perhaps the most important distinction in this respect is that between government intervention labeled as a ‘market access restriction’ and that defined as ‘domestic regulation’. Both the GATT and the GATS declare market access restrictions (such as import quotas or limitations on the number of service suppliers) to be, in principle, prohibited. In contrast, domestic regulations (such as internal taxes, health standards, and safety requirements) are treated with much more deference. They are, in essence, only prohibited when discriminatory or more trade restrictive than necessary. Notwithstanding these major legal consequences, the distinction between market access and domestic regulation remains unclear. Based on a recent WTO dispute condemning the United States for banning online gambling, this article is an attempt to clarify the distinction. Starting from broad similarities, it finds crucial differences in this respect between GATT and GATS. For both, however, the paper's basic point is that a domestic regulation should not be regarded as a market access restriction simply because it has the effect of banning certain imports. To do otherwise risks seriously undermining the regulatory autonomy of WTO Members beyond anything imagined by the drafters of the WTO treaty.

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