The Commodification of Chinese Women in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-204
Author(s):  
Teresa Madueño Hidalgo

There has been a patriarchal economic alliance between Spain and China in recent years, with the main victims being poor Chinese women without support networks and who are destined for prostitution in Spain. Twentieth century China, an important provider of goods, also supplies women to the Spanish prostitution market. This article is based on participant observation research in the private spaces related to Chinese prostitution in Madrid. Taking into account the prostitutes and their “managers” as primary information sources, we can know what is behind the advertising of Chinese prostitution to Spanish or non-Chinese buyers of sexual services, how this type of exchange works; we can also come to understand the protagonists’ life-stories through their own testimonies.

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-297
Author(s):  
Sébastien Plutniak

ArgumentIn the last decades, many changes have occurred in scientific publishing, including online publication, data repositories, file formats and standards. The role played by computers in this process rekindled the argument on forms of technical determinism. This paper addresses this old debate by exploring the case of publishing processes in prehistoric archaeology during the second part of the twentieth century, prior to the wide-scale adoption of computers. It investigates the case of a collective and international attempt to standardize the typological analysis of prehistoric lithic objects, coined typologie analytique by Georges Laplace and developed by a group of French, Italian, and Spanish researchers. The aim of this paper is to: 1) present a general bibliometric scenario of prehistoric archaeology publishing in continental Europe; 2) report on the little-known typologie analytique method in archaeology, using publications, archives, and interviews; 3) show how the publication of scientific production was shaped by social (editorial policies, support networks) and material (typography features and publication formats) constraints; and 4) highlight how actors founded resources to control and counterbalance these effects, namely by changing and improving publishing formats.


ABEI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Janina Hosiasson

A panorama of Chilean history is framed by three generations of the Blest family. The three characters of the saga were pioneers in their respective occupations: the first was the founder of medicine in Chile; the second was the initiator of the Chilean novel and the third was the creator of the Central Única de Trabajadores (CUT), the tenacious defenders of labour wrights in the twentieth century. Father, son and grandson describe their life stories as a sinuous and complex journey, as it generally is when history is observed in detail.Keywords: Alberto Blest Gana; Clotario Blest; the Irish in Chile.


Author(s):  
Rupert S Tipples

This paper des cribes and analyses how a labour and skills shortage in agriculture (used in the generic and inclusive sense) emerged here in New Zealand towards the end of the twentieth century and how it has been responded to by the industry and government. It delineates a collaborative response to a type of problem affecting many sectors of the New Zealand economy at the present time. A serendipitous conjunction of improved industry economics, productive policy provision, and ministerial and industry will facilitated the creation of a new pan primary industry organisation with the somewhat unwieldy title Human Capability in Agriculture and Horticulture. A picture of what happened has been built up using a range of methodologies (historical- both documentary and oral; case studies; participant observation: and action research) to explain what led to its formation and sub sequent progress. Prospects for the future are reviewed with a view to isolating critical features which may be of benefit to other industries experiencing similar labour and skills shortages.


2019 ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Olivia Leal Sorcia

En el artículo se analiza la etnografía y sus técnicas de investigación tradicionales como recurso central para identificar espacios públicos y privados, así como prácticas sociales ligadas a la reproducción de procesos de etnicidad urbana, tanto en metrópolis como en ciudades medias en México. El acercamiento reciente con grupos indígenas ha llevado a replantear la puesta en práctica de ciertas técnicas de investigación consideradas propias del método etnográfico en la antropología. Me refiero a la observación participante, la entrevista dirigida y el registro en el diario de campo. La agencia mostrada en la actualidad por sujetos, familias y colectivos indígenas radicados en diversas ciudades mexicanas, problematiza los contenidos y formas asociados tradicionalmente a dichas técnicas, además de ponderar prácticas de reflexividad por parte de los investigadores. A partir de la revisión de diversos trabajos con indígenas urbanos desarrollados en la última década, se discuten dichas consideraciones a la luz de proponer nuevas prácticas en las formas y contenido etnográfico con sujetos, familias, colectivos y grupos indígenas radicados en diversos centros urbanos mexicanos.Challenges for ethnographic work with urban indians in mexican citiesAbstractThis article analyzes ethnography and its traditional research techniques as a central resource to identify public and private spaces as well as social practices linked to the reproduction of processes of urban ethnicity, both in metropolis and in medium-sized cities in Mexico. The recent approach with indigenous groups has led to rethink the implementation of certain research techniques considered appropriate to the ethnographic method in anthropology. It means the participant observation, the directed interview and the reports in the field notebook. The agency currently shown by individuals, families and indigenous groups based in various Mexican cities problematizes the contents and forms traditionally associated with these techniques, as well as weighing reflexivity practices by researchers. From reviewing various works developed with urban indigenous in the last decade, these considerations are discussed in the light of proposing new practices in ethnographic forms and content with subjects, families, groups and indigenous groups located in various Mexican urban centers.Keywords: Ethnography; ethnographic reflexivity; urban indigenous; citiesand indigenous.Desafios do trabalho etnográfico com indígenas urbanos em cidades mexicanasResumoNo artigo analisa-se a etnografia e suas técnicas de pesquisa tradicionais como recurso central para identificar espaços públicos e privados, bem como práticas sociais ligadas à reprodução de processos de etnicidade urbana, tanto em metrópoles como em cidades médias no México. A aproximação recente com grupos indígenas tem levado a repensar a aplicação de certas técnicas de pesquisa consideradas próprias do método etnográfico na antropologia. Refiro-me à observação participante, a entrevista dirigida e o registro no diário de campo. A agência mostrada na atualidade por sujeitos, famílias e coletivos indígenas radicados em diversas cidades mexicanas, problematiza os conteúdos e formas associados tradicionalmente a ditas técnicas, além de ponderar práticas de reflexividade por parte dos pesquisadores. A partir da revisão de diversos trabalhos com indígenas urbanos desenvolvidos na última década, discutem-se ditas considerações à luz de propor novas práticas nas formas e conteúdo etnográfico com sujeitos, famílias, coletivos e grupos indígenas radicados em diversos centros urbanos mexicanos.Palavras-chave: Etnografia; reflexividade etnográfica; indígenasurbanos; cidades e indígenas.


Author(s):  
Sébastien Billioud

The introduction provides some background information about the Yiguandao, focusing on its historical roots, its ideology (spiritual lineages/daotong, syncretism, cosmology, millenarian eschatology), and its history across the twentieth century. The aim is to get a better understanding of what the Yiguandao has now become, that is to say, a transnational religious organization with a global footprint that currently attempts to reestablish itself in Mainland China where its expansion was strong before 1949. Mainland China, precisely, is the spiritual wilderness that the group ambitions to reclaim by promoting its Way of Heaven (Tiandao). The introduction also addresses the issue of fieldwork and more specifically participant observation and its difficulties in the context of new religions.


2020 ◽  
pp. 168-195
Author(s):  
Christopher Morton

Chapter 7 examines Evans-Pritchard’s photographic record of the Nuer rite of gorot, witnessed in 1936, and raises questions about the relationship between photography and participant-observation as a core research method in early twentieth-century anthropology. The chapter explores the question of why Evans-Pritchard’s record of this ritual is characterized by a sustained visual engagement with two distinct stages of the rite, and why other aspects of the ceremony are not recorded. In order to explore this question, the chapter proposes the model of Evans-Pritchard as ‘participant-photographer’—a model that understands his involvement with the ritual as being composed of periods of photographic engagement interposed with observation and note-taking. Placing Evans-Pritchard back into the field through a careful examination of his fieldwork records of a particular event enables us to gain a new insight into not just his fieldwork methods, but his proximity, involvement, and perspective on key elements of the ritual as they unfolded.


Author(s):  
Leonardo Cardoso

This chapter focuses on several attempts to mobilize sound-politics via a range of techniques, devices, and national and international standards. I consider how experts have managed to stabilize two central actors: ears and norms. In the early twentieth century, experts generated the “average normal ear,” which I call Ear 1.0, the first actor. The second actor is the sound level meter, the Ear 2.0, a black box responsible for emulating Ear 1.0 and conveying reliable quantified information. As other authors have already traced the fascinating history of the stabilization of Ears 1.0 and 2.0 in the early twentieth century, I simply summarize some of these debates. The second section focuses on the Brazilian Technical Standards Association (ABNT). In the 2010s, experts faced the daunting task of revising two technical standards for assessing environmental noise. As I show, drawing on participant observation, interviews, and minutes of meetings between 2011 and 2017, this task was difficult because these revisions involved the input of groups with different interests and different understandings of what a technical standard should do.


2020 ◽  
pp. 004912412091494
Author(s):  
Annette Lareau ◽  
Aliya Hamid Rao

There is a dearth of methodological guidance on how to conduct participant observation in private spaces such as family homes. Yet, participant observations can provide deep and valuable data about family processes. This article draws on two ethnographic studies of family life in which researchers conduct in-depth interviews, recruit families, and ultimately enter the family as a quasi-stranger for daily observations lasting a fixed period (e.g., three weeks). We term this approach “intensive family observations.” Here, we provide concrete methodological advice for this method, beginning with guidelines for recruitment and gaining consent. We also discuss logistics of conducting family observation (e.g., scheduling, spatial positionality in the home, role in the field, among other issues). We elaborate on the key challenges, specifically issues of intrusion, power, and positionality. Last, we reflect on how this method provides opportunities for accurately capturing deeply intimate moments as well as unexpected insights.


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