scholarly journals Importance, Value, and Causal Impact

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Guy Kahane
Keyword(s):  
Importance Value ◽  
Cosmic Scale ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rival View ◽  
What Matters

Abstract Many believe that because we are so small, we must be utterly insignificant on the cosmic scale. But whether this is so depends on what it takes to be important. On one view, what matters for importance is the difference to value that something makes. On this view, what determines our cosmic importance is not our size, but what else of value is out there. But a rival view also seems plausible: that importance requires sufficient causal impact on the relevant scale; since we have no such impact on the grand scale, that would entail our cosmic insignificance. I argue that despite appearances, causal impact is neither necessary nor sufficient for importance. All that matters is impact on value. Since parts can have non-causal impact on the value of the wholes that contain them, this means that we might have great impact on the grandest scale without ever leaving our little planet.

scholarly journals Expectations Versus Reality: What Matters to Students of Economics vs. What They Receive from Universities?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Łukasz Mamica ◽  
Błażej Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
University Education ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Tuition Fees ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Education Process ◽  
What Matters

The phenomenon of increasing tuition fees is one of the factors which reinforce the increasingly consumerist attitudes among students towards the product (understood as a whole process of university education) they receive from universities. The aim of the study is to characterise the difference between the expectations of students and the extent to which those expectations are met by universities. This analysis also focuses on the conditions that determine this perception of what universities offer and discusses selected issues concerning the relations between universities and industry. The findings demonstrate why creativity, apart from practical knowledge, is one of the most important aspects in the process of education, where a student’s graduation work is aimed at solving specific problems in companies and institutions. In the empirical part of the paper, students’ opinions about the importance of selected aspects of the education process are compared with the level of support provided by universities. The research covered 505 students of economics from 10 different countries. Their expectations of the educational process with regard to the majority of its aspects (apart from theoretical knowledge) proved to be higher than those of their universities. The findings of this research may thus be useful in formulating optimal study plans.

scholarly journals Avifaunistic’s Genetic Heat Index (GHI) of Four Landscapes in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazri Janra ◽  
Aadrean Aadrean
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Environmentally Sound

West Pasaman Regency in West Sumatra Province is recently established as an administrative area on 2003, segregated from Pasaman Regency where it was previously affiliated. This regency has been planning to support its structural developments using its main income generated from agricultural sector, which involve vast plantation area for oil-palm and other agricultural products. With the variety of its topography spans from some offshore islands up to 2,912 m mountain area, it is interesting to understand the importance value of this area from the perspective of one of its natural biodiversity: avifuna. Here in this paper, we use Genetic Heat Index (GHI) concept based on avian diversity and their conservation status to compare the significance value among four prominent landscapes in this regency, which include Mount Talamau and Laut Tinggal Lake (mountainous area), Tongar River (lowland-to-hilly riparian agricultural area) and Panjang Island (an offshore island). Despite the difference and similarity of bird species recorded in each site, Panjang Island has comparable GHI value with Tongar River, Mount Talamau and Laut Tinggal Lake (consecutively 4.20, 4.03, 4.14, 4.26). This result implies to the uniqueness of bird species living in each site along with its habitat typicality which also helps in contributing to their GHI value. Therefore, giving attention to this GHI concept while accommodate it into development plan will help in supporting more environmentally-sound development process.

scholarly journals Measuring the Impact of Tax Inspection on Firms' Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Muhamad Taufan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Subjective Measure ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Tax Audit ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Compliance Problem ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
The Impact

The tax compliance problem is an imminent issue in a self-assessment taxation system in Indonesia. Tax audit is an important tool used by the tax authority to address the problem. Several studies showed that tax inspection might change the behavior of the taxpayers. Therefore, it is interesting to see how tax inspection will affect taxpayers' behavior related to their subjective measure of firms' performance. This research uses the difference-in-difference approach combine with the entropy balancing method to estimate the causal impact of tax inspection on firms’ performance. The findings showed that the inspected firms showed an increase in their perception of capital utilization which can be explained using tax evasion model or managerial benefits concept.

Why Poverty Matters Most: Towards a Humanitarian Theory of Social Justice

Utilitas ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER FREIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Moral Concern ◽  
Difference Principle ◽  
Common Objection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
What Matters

Sufficientarians claim that what matters most is that people have enough. I develop and defend a revised sufficientarian conception of justice. I claim that it furnishes the best specification of a general humanitarian ideal of social justice: our main moral concern should be helping those who are badly off in absolute terms. Rival humanitarian views such as egalitarianism, prioritarianism and the difference principle face serious objections from which sufficientarianism is exempt. Moreover, a revised conception of sufficientarianism can meet the most prominent undefeated challenges to the view. I contend that prevailing versions of sufficientarianism have not satisfactorily defined the sufficiency threshold, and so I offer an original specification of the threshold. I also address perhaps the most common objection to sufficientarianism, namely that sufficientarian regimes will channel all of society's resources towards elevating people to the sufficiency threshold regardless of the gains foregone by those above the threshold.

scholarly journals Quantifying Real Estate Externalities: Evidence on the Whole Foods Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Kanis Saengchote
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Property Prices ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Econometric Technique ◽  
Whole Foods

Real estate amenities can create both benefits and costs to local community, which economists call externalities. Quantification of externalities is challenging because of potential endogeneity problems that render simple statistical analyses inaccurate, necessitating the use of a more rigorous econometric technique. Exploiting store expansion activities of Whole Foods Market to infer the causal impact of the Whole Foods Effect using the difference-in-differences strategy, we find that property prices within 0.5 mile of a new Whole Foods Market store increase on average by 6.7% after a new store opens.

Historia humana de la lengua española y su computación

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Marcos-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
What Matters

AbstractThe study of computational linguistics in Spain is presented from a prosopographical perspective, i.e., as the story of human groups. Furthermore, it could be the only way to understand the current situation, lacking a central coordinating institution. That choice also makes it easier to understand the difference between groups oriented to outcomes, products, and those oriented to projects, as well as the jamming of languages, political institutions and European bureaucracy. What matters is that the workgroup is a common feature for the interaction of computer scientists and linguists, engineers and industrially oriented managers. The presentation will introduce the basic concepts and knowledge, followed by the historical pact, then projects and products, with special attention to digital archives and corpora. The next section deals with projects mostly from the institutional point of view, which allows the inclusion of a larger number. A brief evaluation closes the article.

scholarly journals Effects of coffee management intensification in natural forests on woody species diversity and structure in Yayo district, south western Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikiru I. Gamachu ◽  
Tefera Jegora
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Woody Species Diversity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Western Ethiopia

This study was conducted to evaluate the difference between woody species diversity, structure and similarity in natural forests and adjacent coffee farms in Yayo district, southwestern Ethiopia. Vegetation data were collected from both land use systems using transects walk lines. The Shannon, Simpson’s, similarity and importance values index were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. The result revealed 64 woody species belongs to 31 families from both land uses. Moraceae had the most diverse family having each 5 and 8 species in coffee farms and natural forests respectively. The species richness was higher in natural forests (54) than coffee farms (38). Coffea arabica (42.85%) and Celtis africana (21.14%) those frequently occurred had the highest importance value indices in coffee farms and natural forests respectively. Of total species recorded, 28 (43.75%) are common, 26 (40.63%) and 10 (15.62%) were unique to natural forests and coffee farms respectively. The highest number of woody plants per hectare were distributed in diameter at breast height 5-10cm having 1250 ha−1 (64.10%) in natural forests and 471 ha−1 (72.33 %) in coffee farms. The total basal areas were 364.44 and 669.84 m2 ha−1 in coffee farms and natural forests respectively. The result indicated that planting coffee in natural forests with intensified management system causes significant differences on the overall woody species diversity i.e. the structure, composition and regeneration rates of the forest. Therefore, it is recommended to plant coffees in home garden and open lands with planting multipurpose shade trees rather than cultivating it in natural forests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document