Laboratory culture of two Xiphinema americanum-group species (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Senegal

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Baujard ◽  
Mamadou Diop ◽  
Danamou Mounport ◽  
Jacques-Hubert Diémé
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Pennisetum Typhoides ◽  
Group Species ◽  
Gramineous Species

AbstractTwo Xiphinema americanum-group species from Senegal were successfully cultured on plants in the laboratory and the effects of host plant, temperature and soil moisture were evaluated. Soil temperature had most effect while soil moisture had no effect on multiplication. Greatest reproduction rates were observed for one species on Pennisetum typhoides (millet) and for the other species on Sorghum vulgare. These two gramineous species were better hosts than the legumes Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) and Arachis hypogaea (peanut). Multiplication was greater when plants were inoculated with freshly extracted nematodes.

COMPARISON OF LIGHTLY GRAZED AND UNGRAZED RANGE IN THE FESCUE GRASSLAND OF SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Harmful Effects

The influence of grazing on the vegetative cover of fescue grassland in southwestern Alberta was assessed by studying two adjoining sites, one lightly grazed, the other ungrazed. Percentage basal area, yield, water-intake rate, soil temperature, soil moisture, and amount of root material were compared on a paired plot basis.The data showed that light grazing resulted in the development of a richer flora dominated by Danthonia parryi. Protection from grazing appeared to simplify the flora with a trend toward a cover consisting largely of Festuca scabrella. There was little evidence of difference in productivity between the two sites. Cooler and moister conditions prevailed in the upper 12 inches of the soil profile of the ungrazed site as a result of heavy accumulation of mulch. Considerably more root material to a depth of 54 inches was present on the lightly grazed site. The harmful effects of herbage removal, shown by clipping studies, were not apparent in the field study under a light rate of grazing.

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna diversity in andisol after eight years of Mount Sinabung eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariani Sembiring ◽  
HIDAYATULAH MUNAWAROH ◽  
MUKHLIS MUKHLIS ◽  
BENNY HIDAYAT ◽  
TENGKU SABRINA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Hand Sorting

Abstract. Sembiring M, Munawaroh H, Mukhlis, Hidayat B, Sabrina T. 2021. Soil macrofauna diversity in andisol after eight years of Mount Sinabung eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3024-3030. The eruption of Mount Sinabung resulted in volcanic ash covering the soil of various thicknesses. That will affect the population and diversity of macrofauna in it. This research aimed to determine the Andisol soil macrofauna in Karo District with various thicknesses of volcanic ash covering from Mount Sinabung. This research was conducted in May 2019. Plots were placed in four locations, Location I: processed land (0 cm), Location II: Land covered by thin ash (?2 cm), Location III: Land covered by medium ash (2-5 cm), Location IV: Land covered by thick ash (?5 cm). Sampling was conducted by using the Pitfall trap, Monolith squared, and Hand sorting methods. The research results indicated that the thicker the volcanic ash covering the soil surface, it would reduce soil moisture, soil water content, organic C, and soil pH, but on the other hand, increase the soil temperature. A total of 20 species were able to live on the Andisols affected by the eruption of Mount Sinabung.

scholarly journals Potato Production in Wide Beds Compared to Conventional Rows

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 667c-667
Author(s):  
Charlotte Mundy ◽  
Nancy G. Creamer ◽  
Jane Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Regional growers have expressed an interest in the feasibility of producing potatoes on wide beds. Using wide beds decreases compaction and may increase water available to the crop due to the elimination of postplanting cultivation, or hilling, required in conventional rows. The middle row of wide beds may have cooler soil temperatures than the other rows in the bed. In addition, wide beds allowed for a planting density 1.5-times greater than conventional rows, which could significantly increase yields. Potatoes, `Atlantic', were planted mid-March into conventional rows on 38-inch centers and 6-foot 4-inch-wide beds, each bed with three rows. Plots were 50 feet long. Initial soil moisture contents in the middle of the bed, the outer rows of the bed and the conventional rows were not significantly different. Initial soil temperature data suggests that fluctuations in temperature are greatest in the conventional rows and least in the middle row of the wide beds. Soil temperature and soil moisture are reported. Marketable yields from wide beds are compared to marketable yields from conventional rows. Influence on potato size distribution and quality factors also are reported.

Seedling blight. II. Soil in relation to seedling blight of opium poppy and peas

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
HR Angell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Microbial Antagonism ◽  
Conditioning Factor

Three steamed soils, limed and not limed, two hosts, and one isolate of Pythium ultimum were used in an experiment. The organism, isolated from peas germinating in limed Belanglo soil, was pathogenic to both hosts. The incidence of seedling blight of peas in the three reinfested soils varied significantly. On poppy, on two of the reinfested soils, it also varied significantly, but inversely to the incidence on peas. On peas in the first sowing it was not affected by liming the soil; on poppy it was significantly reduced. Seedling blight of both hosts was associated with one organism. The contrasting results could not be correlated with the uniform conditions of soil temperature, air temperature, and soil moisture; on any one soil or soil treatment they could not be ascribed to the prevailing uniform aeration, reaction, microflora, and microbial antagonism The only conditioning factor that was varied was the steamed soil, or steamed soil modified by adding lime. Differences in the incidence of disease were associated with variation of the conditioning factor and the host. Seedling blight of peas, resulting from natural reinfestation, occurred in earlier resowings in limed than in unlimed soils. Physiogenic seedling blight of poppy also occurred, causing total loss on one soil and smaller percentages of loss on the other soils.

scholarly journals Some Preliminary Notes on the Physical Properties of the Soils of the Ganges Valley, more especially in their relation to Soil Moisture

1906 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Leake
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ganges

In a stretch of arable lands like those of the Ganges Valley, although damage may be caused by occasional floods, which are sudden and of short duration, the more general, and by far the most serious loss is due to deficiency of moisture of the soil: thus the relation of the soil to soil moisture becomes of more than ordinary importance. Dr Voelcker, in his Report on Indian Agriculture, remarks: “In India the relation of soils to moisture acquires a greater significance than almost anywhere else.......” This relation is fundamental, for on it depends the methods for the conservation of soil moisture, for the economical application of irrigation water, and for the treatment of barren and salt lands—all problems of direct interest to agriculturists in the plains of Northern India. The methods for dealing with these problems must be largely—if not entirely—empirical until such time as the behaviour of the soil in its relation to moisture is investigated. The problem in all its various branches is enormous, and in a country in which the seasons follow each other with such rapidity, and vary the one from the other in so marked a manner, it frequently happens that a particular point, if not determined within a period of a few days, must await solution until the following year.

Ecological responses of Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia to experimentally increased temperature and precipitation. 3. Soil respiration

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexia Wang ◽  
Yali Chen ◽  
Yulong Yan ◽  
Zhiqiang Wan ◽  
Ran Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Soil Respiration Rate ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The response of soil respiration to simulated climatic warming and increased precipitation was evaluated on the arid–semi-arid Stipa steppe of Inner Mongolia. Soil respiration rate had a single peak during the growing season, reaching a maximum in July under all treatments. Soil temperature, soil moisture and their interaction influenced the soil respiration rate. Relative to the control, warming alone reduced the soil respiration rate by 15.6 ± 7.0%, whereas increased precipitation alone increased the soil respiration rate by 52.6 ± 42.1%. The combination of warming and increased precipitation increased the soil respiration rate by 22.4 ± 11.2%. When temperature was increased, soil respiration rate was more sensitive to soil moisture than to soil temperature, although the reverse applied when precipitation was increased. Under the experimental precipitation (20% above natural rainfall) applied in the experiment, soil moisture was the primary factor limiting soil respiration, but soil temperature may become limiting under higher soil moisture levels.

A six year study of earthworm (Lumbricidae) populations in pasture woodland in southern England shows their responses to soil temperature and soil moisture

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1857-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Eggleton ◽  
Kelly Inward ◽  
Joanne Smith ◽  
David T. Jones ◽  
Emma Sherlock
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Southern England

scholarly journals Intoxicações por plantas em ruminantes e equídeos no Sertão Paraibano

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tales S. Assis ◽  
Rosane M.T. Medeiros ◽  
José Allan S. de Araújo ◽  
Antônio F.M. Dantas ◽  
Franklin Riet-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Crescentia Cujete ◽  
Ipomoea Asarifolia ◽  
Aspidosperma Pyrifolium

Foi realizado um levantamento das intoxicações por plantas em 20 municípios do Sertão Paraibano, onde foram entrevistados 50 produtores e 11 médicos veterinários. De acordo com o levantamento realizado, Ipomoea asarifolia e Mascagnia rigida são as intoxicações mais importantes. Indigofera suffruticosa, as plantas cianogênicas (Sorghum vulgare, Piptadenia macrocarpa e Manihot spp.), Mimosa tenuiflora, Aspidosperma pyrifolium e Crotalaria retusa são plantas importantes como causa de intoxicações na região. Os entrevistados relataram casos esporádicos de intoxicação por Ricinus communis, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Prosopis juliflorae Brachiaria decumbens. Ziziphus joazeiro, Passiflora sp., Caesalpina ferrea e Crescentia cujete foram mencionadas como causa de abortos em ruminantes. Frutos de Crescentia cujete foram administrados a duas cabras prenhes causando mortalidade perinatal e abortos. As cascas de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris e Vigna unguiculata) e as folhas de Licania rigida (oiticica) são associadas à sobrecarga ruminal em bovinos. As frutas de Mangifera indica (manga)e Anacardium occidentale (cajú) são responsabilizadas por causarem intoxicação etílica. Dalechampia sp. e Croton sp. foram citadas pelos entrevistados como possíveis plantas tóxicas, que ainda não tiveram sua toxicidade comprovada.

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