Economic Recessions and Congressional Preferences for Redistribution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Maria Carreri ◽  
Edoardo Teso
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Macroeconomic Shocks ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution ◽  
Economic Recessions

Abstract We study if U.S. Members of Congress who experienced an economic recession during early adulthood vote differently on redistribution-specific bills. We find that politicians who experienced a recession hold more conservative positions on redistribution, even compared to members of the same party. In light of recent empirical evidence showing that voters become more supportive of redistribution following a recession, our findings suggest that macroeconomic shocks might have a polarizing effect: recessions can create an ideological wedge between voters and their future representatives. We hypothesize, and present evidence suggesting that, this wedge might be explained by politicians’ more privileged background.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic exposes the vulnerability of the sharing economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwu Chen ◽  
Mingming Cheng ◽  
Deborah Edwards ◽  
Lixiao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
The Government

Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global economic recession but little is known about its impact on the informal economy including peer-to-peer rental market. Against this backdrop, this study assessed the financial loss of Airbnb listings and its hosts in Sydney from January to March 2020. Findings show that the pandemic resulted in 70% income loss for Airbnb hosts with hosts suffering eight times higher than the Airbnb platform itself. However, like other gig workers and freelancers, many Airbnb hosts are not qualified to claim the financial aids from the government in Australia. Our study shows the vulnerability of the sharing economy during a time of crisis. It contributes empirical evidence to the widening public debate on the sustainability and the sharing economy but most importantly, raises concerns over the sharing economy’s contribution to a resilient society and economy.

Auditor Tenure and Quality of Financial Reporting

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Chu ◽  
Jie Dai ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Informational Content ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Auditor Tenure ◽  
Downward Bias ◽  
Reported Earnings

Prior studies in general suggest a positive association between auditor tenure (the length of an auditor–firm relationship) and reporting quality (the informational content of reported earnings). In this study, we present evidence that the association is reversed when clients represent increased litigation risks to their auditors. Featuring downward biases in reported earnings as a measure of reporting quality that stem from auditors’ minimization of costs from potential audit errors, we argue that the magnitude of such downward bias decreases in auditors’ experiences with their clients (tenure improves reporting quality). Furthermore, we predict that longer auditor tenure is associated with larger downward bias for firms with increased audit risks (tenure impairs reporting quality). Using non-operating accruals as proxy for downward bias in reported earnings, we find robust empirical evidence in support of our prediction.

scholarly journals Loan loss provisions and macroeconomic shocks: Some empirical evidence for italian banks during the crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Maria Caporale ◽  
Matteo Alessi ◽  
Stefano Di Colli ◽  
Juan Sergio Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Loan Loss ◽  
Macroeconomic Shocks ◽  
Loan Loss Provisions

scholarly journals Assessing psychological well-being in early adulthood: Empirical evidence for the structure of daily well-being via network analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Heshmati ◽  
Zita Oravecz ◽  
Timothy R. Brick ◽  
Robert W Roeser
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Ecological Momentary

The transitional years of early adulthood engenders both opportunities and risks for well-being. In this paper, we propose that the conceptualization and measurement of early adult’s well-being during early adulthood can be improved through the use of short, daily momentary assessments of well-being, and through an examination of the structure of well-being within (and not just across) time. We developed items to assess daily well-being based on the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011). Using Ecological Momentary Assessments, we assessed the five PERMA elements in daily life and their network properties. Consistent with Seligman (2011), network analysis showed items (nodes) clustered around theorized elements, and also formed a unitary network of well-being. Furthermore, we found that positive Relationships and Positive emotion items were the most central aspects of early adults’ daily well-being. Results have implications for the putative targets for wellbeing-oriented intervention and prevention programs during this period of life.

scholarly journals Fertility Response to Economic Recessions in Finland 1991–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Hiilamo
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Previous studies have established a robust negative association between unemployment and fertility. Finland has experienced two periods of deep economic recessions within last 25 years, one in the early 1990s and the other during the Great Recession in the 2000s. This study analyzes fertility response to economic recession in Finland through total and gender specific unemployment between 1991 and 2015 with sub-regional data. The method of analysis is sub-region fixed effect regression. The changes in unemployment were associated with changes in fertility in Finland from 1991 to 2015. One percentage increase in unemployment reduced delivery rate by 0.13 percentages. The effect of unemployment on fertility was stronger during the Great recession than during the recession in the 1990s.

Abstract P309: Foreclosure Rates During Economic Recession and Cardiovascular Health: Paradoxical Results from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Javier Nieto ◽  
Kristen M Malecki ◽  
José Antonio Tapia Granados
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Morbidity Data ◽  
Unemployment Data ◽  
The Individual

Contrary to conventional wisdom, research has shown that economic recessions are associated with decreases in mortality and, conversely, mortality increases during times of economic expansion. Most of these studies are based on unemployment data and few have examined morbidity data as outcomes. The present analyses used data from the 2008-11 waves of the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) to study the association between county rates of foreclosures during the 2009-10 economic recession and cardiovascular health. SHOW is based on a probabilistic statewide sample of adult (21-74 years old, n = 1,643) residents in Wisconsin. The cardiovascular health (CVH) index was defined using a combination of “ideal or intermediate” levels of seven risk factors and health behaviors (body mass index, cholesterol, glucose, diet, physical activity, blood pressure and smoking). Foreclosure rates for the 72 counties of Wisconsin were obtained from commercially available data for the period 2000-2012. Other covariates included Census-based neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), individual-level SES, and measures of mental wellbeing (using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, DASS). Of the 1,643 participants, 1.0% had ideal CVH (“ideal” in all 7 metrics) and 25.6% had overall “good” (ideal or intermediate) CVH (at least one “intermediate,” but no “poor” in any of the 7 components). The prevalence of good CVH was higher in younger, white, higher education and income participants, and those living in suburban areas. Participants recruited from counties in the top quartile of foreclosure rates in 2009 (at the peak of the economic recession) had higher prevalence of good CVH. Compared to the lowest quartile, the demographics-adjusted odds ratio of good CVH were 2.0 (95% CL 1.4-2.9), 2.1 (1.4-3.1) and 2.7 (2.8-3.9) for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile of foreclosure rates, respectively (p-trend=0.003). Additional adjustment of individual/county SES and measures of individuals’ mental health did not materially change these results. These paradoxical associations were not present when using foreclosure data from years preceding the recession as primary exposures (2000-07). In conclusion, county foreclosure rates, a marker of the severity of the 2009 economic recession in local communities, appears to be associated with better cardiovascular health. These results are consistent with previous research linking recessions with better health outcomes. However, interpreting these results as meaning that foreclosures improve health at the individual level might be subject to ecological fallacy. Additional analyses controlling for unmeasured confounders and possible selection biases are needed to further understand the significance of these findings.

scholarly journals Can we expect an increased suicide rate due to Covid-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Devitt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Historical Paper ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Insight Into

Human disasters come in all shapes and sizes including wars, terrorist violence, natural events, economic recessions and depressions as well as infection. As a species more fragile than we often allow, humans would be expected to adversely react to these types of disasters in terms of mental ill health and possibly suicidal behaviour leading to increased demands on the Mental Health services. This narrative historical paper examines relevant studies into how previous disasters affected mental health and suicidal behaviour. The characteristics of what is known of the current Covid-19 disease are analysed and compared to other types of disasters with a view to gaining some insight into what we might expect. Of all the types of disasters, economic recession appears most toxic. Mitigating the worst effects of recession appears to be protective. Particularly vulnerable groups are identified in whom we might expect an increase in suicidal behaviour.

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