scholarly journals Fertility Response to Economic Recessions in Finland 1991–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Hiilamo
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Previous studies have established a robust negative association between unemployment and fertility. Finland has experienced two periods of deep economic recessions within last 25 years, one in the early 1990s and the other during the Great Recession in the 2000s. This study analyzes fertility response to economic recession in Finland through total and gender specific unemployment between 1991 and 2015 with sub-regional data. The method of analysis is sub-region fixed effect regression. The changes in unemployment were associated with changes in fertility in Finland from 1991 to 2015. One percentage increase in unemployment reduced delivery rate by 0.13 percentages. The effect of unemployment on fertility was stronger during the Great recession than during the recession in the 1990s.

scholarly journals The Great Recession and suicide

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Harper
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

PurposeResearch suggests that the Great Recession of 2007–2009 led to nearly 5000 excess suicides in the United States. However, prior work has not accounted for seasonal patterning and unique suicide trends by age and gender.MethodsWe calculated monthly suicide rates from 1999 to 2013 for men and women aged 15 and above. Suicide rates before the Great Recession were used to predict the rate during and after the Great Recession. Death rates for each age-gender group were modeled using Poisson regression with robust variance, accounting for seasonal and nonlinear suicide trajectories.ResultsThere were 56,658 suicide deaths during the Great Recession. Age- and gender-specific suicide trends before the recession demonstrated clear seasonal and nonlinear trajectories. Our models predicted 57,140 expected suicide deaths, leading to 482 fewer observed than expected suicides (95% confidence interval −2079, 943).ConclusionsWe found little evidence to suggest that the Great Recession interrupted existing trajectories of suicide rates. Suicide rates were already increasing before the Great Recession for middle-aged men and women. Future studies estimating the impact of recessions on suicide should account for the diverse and unique suicide trajectories of different social groups.

scholarly journals Preventing NEETs during the Great Recession: the effects of mandatory activation programs for young welfare recipients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile Cammeraat ◽  
Egbert Jongen ◽  
Pierre Koning
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe study the impact of mandatory activation programs for young welfare recipients in the Netherlands. What makes this reform unique is that it clashed head on with the Great Recession. We use differences-in-differences and data for the period 1999–2012 to estimate the effects of this reform. We find that the reform reduced the number of welfare recipients but had no effect on the number of NEETs (individuals not in employment, education or training). The absence of employment effects contrasts with previous studies on the impact of mandatory activation programs, which we argue is due to the reform taking place during a severe economic recession.

scholarly journals Recovering from The Great Recession: A Comparative Analysis of the Nature and Effectiveness of Global Reactionary Policy to the 2008 Financial Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Evan Truscott
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis

The 2008 'subprime' financial crisis caused intense economic recession and instability on an international scale, creating the need for immediate reactionary and interventionist policy from most governments. With a wealth of large-scale dedicated studies to this specific topic emerging in recent years, we have a unique opportunity to synthesize these findings in a way that could indicate potential effective policy actions. This paper intends to identify, categorize and compare an array of policies enacted by utilizing a specific cross section of nations similar in political culture (Australia, New Zealand, and Canada), in an attempt to broadly asses and isolate global trends of reactionary policy-making and the effectiveness of these policies, in nations of comparable institutions, over a relatively small time frame.

The Relationship Between Credit Card Use Behavior and Household Well-Being During the Great Recession: Implications for the Ethics of Credit Use

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hunter ◽  
Claudia J. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Credit Card Use

This article uses a random digit dial probability sample (N = 328) to examine the relationship between credit card use behaviors and household well-being during a period of severe economic recession: The Great Recession. The ability to measure the role of credit card use during a period of recession provides unique insights to the study of credit behavior because of the knowledge that all respondents have the same macroeconomic constraint. Framed by the assumptions of the permanent income hypothesis and the life-cycle savings hypothesis, multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between credit card use behaviors and three measures of household well-being: emotional well-being, financial well-being, and general household financial condition.

Opportunity beliefs and class differences in subjective status injustice during the Great Recession in Iceland

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guðmundur Oddsson ◽  
Jón Gunnar Bernburg
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Political Ties ◽  
And Gender

Sociologists theorize that opportunity beliefs shape whether individuals see their status in society as just or unjust – a topic that is broadly relevant to research linking social structure to emotions and behaviors. Two prominent theories, however, entail competing propositions. The dominant ideology thesis suggests that believing in opportunity barriers increases subjective status injustice, especially for lower class individuals. In contrast, relative deprivation theory implies that believing in restricted opportunities deters upward comparison among the lower classes, potentially reducing class differences in subjective status injustice. Relationships between class position, opportunity beliefs, and subjective status injustice were studied using survey data gathered during the Great Recession in Iceland. The findings indicate that beliefs in opportunity barriers are widespread, yet few see their social status as unjust. Moreover, only opportunity barriers stemming from political ties and gender increase subjective status injustice, especially so in the case of political ties among lower class individuals. It is likely that this latter sentiment was made particularly significant during the recession by an intense moral discourse condemning nepotism and cronyism. Because these two opportunity constraints are widely condemned in Iceland, we suggest that only opportunity barriers defined as social problems in a given society are salient enough to influence status justice evaluations.

scholarly journals Who Suffers During Recessions?

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Hoynes ◽  
Douglas L Miller ◽  
Jessamyn Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Hispanic Workers ◽  
And Gender

In this paper, we examine how business cycles affect labor market outcomes in the United States. We conduct a detailed analysis of how cycles affect outcomes differentially across persons of differing age, education, race, and gender, and we compare the cyclical sensitivity during the Great Recession to that in the early 1980s recession. We present raw tabulations and estimate a state panel data model that leverages variation across U.S. states in the timing and severity of business cycles. We find that the impacts of the Great Recession are not uniform across demographic groups and have been felt most strongly for men, black and Hispanic workers, youth, and low-education workers. These dramatic differences in the cyclicality across demographic groups are remarkably stable across three decades of time and throughout recessionary periods and expansionary periods. For the 2007 recession, these differences are largely explained by differences in exposure to cycles across industry-occupation employment.

scholarly journals Migration Flows in Spain. A Push-pull Factors View

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. p172
Author(s):  
Janusz Sobieraj ◽  
Antonio Mihi-Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Migration Flows

The paper studies changes in migration flows from a push-pull approach. It analyses the most relevant multidisciplinary theoretical approaches and the statistical information available since the great recession on those factors that determine economic progress and well-being used by Eurostat based on the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi report. Both local and foreign workers are studied. It was observed that after the great economic recession, foreign workers are one of the most vulnerable groups, for whom wages and employment have not yet recovered. This leads to a precarious living condition and a marginal impact on the economy, and also to greater pressure from this group to migrate.

Trends in disease mortality before and during the Great Recession in individuals employed in Spain in 2001

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Regidor ◽  
Elena Ronda ◽  
José A Tapia Granados ◽  
Francisco J Viciana-Fernández ◽  
Luis de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
All Diseases ◽  
Annual Mortality

Abstract Background Previous studies on economic recessions and mortality due to cancer and other chronic diseases have yielded inconsistent findings. We investigated the trend in all-disease mortality and mortality due to several specific diseases before and during the Great Recession of 2008 in individuals who were employed in 2001, at the beginning of follow-up. Methods We follow in a nationwide longitudinal study over 15 million subjects who had a job in Spain in 2001. The analysed outcomes were mortality at ages 25–64 years due to all diseases, cancer and other chronic diseases. We calculated annual mortality rates from 2003 to 2011, and the annual percentage change (APC) in mortality rates during 2003–07 and 2008–11, as well as the effect size, measured by the APC difference between the two periods. Results All-disease mortality increased from 2003 to 2007 in both men and women; then, between 2008 and 2011, all-disease mortality decreased in men and reached a plateau in women. In men, the APC in the all-disease mortality rate was 1.6 in 2003–07 and −1.4 in 2008–11 [effect size −3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.7 to −2.2]; in women it was 2.5 and −0.3 (effect size −2.8, 95% CI −4.2 to −1.3), respectively. Cancer mortality and mortality due to other chronic diseases revealed similar trends. Conclusions In the group of individuals with a job in 2001 the Great Recession reversed or stabilized the upward trend in all-disease mortality.

scholarly journals Reversal of Upward Trends in Mortality During the Great Recession by Employment Status at Baseline in a National Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 2004-2012
Author(s):  
Enrique Regidor ◽  
Elena Ronda ◽  
José A Tapia Granados ◽  
José Pulido ◽  
Luis de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
The Unemployed

Abstract Because of the healthy worker effect, mortality rates increased in individuals who were employed and those who were unemployed, and decreased in those economically inactive at baseline in reported studies. To determine if such trends continue during economic recessions, we analyzed mortality rates in Spain before and during the Great Recession in these subgroups. We included 21,933,351 individuals who were employed, unemployed, or inactive in November 2001 and aged 30–64 years in each calendar-year of follow-up (2002–2011). Annual age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated in each group. The annual percentage change in mortality rates adjusted for age and educational level in employed and unemployed persons were also calculated for 2002–2007 and 2008–2011. In employed and unemployed men, mortality rates increased until 2007 and then declined, whereas in employed and unemployed women, mortality rates increased and then stabilized during 2008–2011. The mortality rate among inactive men and women decreased throughout the follow-up. In the employed and the unemployed, the annual percentage change was reversed during 2008–2011 compared with 2002–2007 (−1.2 vs. 3.2 in employed men; −0.3 vs. 4.1 in employed women; −0.8 vs. 2.9 in unemployed men; and −0.6 vs. 1.3 in unemployed women). The upward trends in mortality rates among individuals who were employed or unemployed in 2001 were reversed during the Great Recession (2008–2011).

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