scholarly journals Peer Effects in the Adoption of a Youth Employment Subsidy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Claudio A. Mora-García ◽  
Tomás Rau
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Peer Effects ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Assignment Rule ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Employment Subsidy

Abstract This paper studies the effects of peers on the adoption of a Youth Employment Subsidy in Chile since its inception. We examine the effects that former classmates’ and coworkers’ adoption have on one's adoption. Identification comes from discontinuities in the assignment rule that allow us to construct valid instrumental variables for peers’ adoption. Using a comprehensive set of administrative records, we find that classmates and especially coworkers play significant roles in the adoption of the subsidy. Peer effects are determined during the early stages of the program's implementation and vary by network characteristics and the strength of network ties.

Political regimes and deaths in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Cepaluni ◽  
Michael T. Dorsch ◽  
Réka Branyiczki
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Per Capita

This article provides a quantitative examination of the link between political institutions and deaths during the first 100 days of the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrate that countries with more democratic political institutions experienced deaths on a larger per capita scale than less democratic countries. The result is robust to the inclusion of many relevant controls, a battery of estimation techniques and estimation with instrumental variables for the institutional measures. Additionally, we examine the extent to which COVID-19 deaths were impacted heterogeneously by policy responses across types of political institutions. Policy responses in democracies were less effective in reducing deaths in the early stages of the crisis. The results imply that democratic political institutions may have a disadvantage in responding quickly to pandemics.

scholarly journals The Use of Instrumental Variables in Peer Effects Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Hinke ◽  
George Leckie ◽  
Cheti Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Peer Effects

Like-minded and cross-cutting talk, network characteristics, and political participation online and offline: A panel study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Matthes ◽  
Franziska Marquart ◽  
Christian von Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Network Characteristics

AbstractWe test the role of like-minded and cross-cutting political discussion as a facilitator of online and offline political participation and examine the role of strong versus weak network ties. Most prior research on the topic has employed cross-sectional designs that may lead to spurious relationships due to the lack of controlled variables. The findings of a two-wave panel survey controlling the autoregressive effects suggest that cross-cutting talk with weak ties significantly dampens online but not offline political participation. However, no such effects were detectable for cross-cutting talk with strong ties. In addition, we found no effect of discussions involving like-minded individuals in either weak or strong network connections on online and offline forms of political engagement. Implications are discussed.

Relationships of collapse: network brokerage, opportunism and fraud in financial markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2097-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Hannibal ◽  
Hiroshi Ono
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Network Location ◽  
Telecommunications Market

Purpose This paper explores the social-behavioral aspects of financial markets. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of social relations and networks which contributed to the market crash in the US telecommunications sector in the late 1990s. Design/methodology/approach A network theoretic approach is used to examine historical qualitative data. The authors suggest that the network characteristics of financial intermediaries allowed security analysts to control and manipulate information that was disclosed to the investing public. Findings The authors find evidence that brokerage locations in the network of actors within the telecommunications market allowed select individuals opportunities to engage in unethical behavior and malfeasance. The authors further highlight the harmful effects of over-embeddedness by illustrating that strong and dense network ties within the financial sector were exploited to distort the flow and reliability of information. The paper concludes with a note on the generalizability of this study and an examination of the current economic-legal structure of Wall Street. Originality/value Recently, some economists and network scholars have begun examining social relations more thoroughly in the financial sector. This paper is one of the first that focuses specifically on the role and network location of research analysts prior to a market collapse.

scholarly journals Estimating peer effects in longitudinal dyadic data using instrumental variables

Biometrics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James O'Malley ◽  
Felix Elwert ◽  
J. Niels Rosenquist ◽  
Alan M. Zaslavsky ◽  
Nicholas A. Christakis
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Peer Effects ◽  
Dyadic Data

scholarly journals Does School Integration Generate Peer Effects? Evidence from Boston's Metco Program

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1613-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D Angrist ◽  
Kevin Lang
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Peer Effects ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
School Level ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Least Squares Estimates

The Metropolitan Council for Educational Opportunity (Metco) is a desegregation program that sends students from Boston schools to more affluent suburbs. Metco increases the number of blacks and reduces test scores in receiving districts. School-level data for Massachusetts and micro data from a large district show no impact of Metco on the scores of white non-Metco students. But the micro estimates show some evidence of an effect on minority third graders, especially girls. Instrumental variables estimates for third graders are imprecise but generally in line with ordinary least squares estimates. Given the localized nature of these results, we conclude that peer effects from Metco are modest and short lived.

Social Dollars in Online Communities: The Effect of Product, User, and Network Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunho Park ◽  
Rishika Rishika ◽  
Ramkumar Janakiraman ◽  
Mark B. Houston ◽  
Byungjoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hedonic Products

Online communities have experienced burgeoning popularity over the last decade and have become a key platform for users to share information and interests, and to engage in social interactions. Drawing on the social contagion literature, the authors examine the effect of online social connections on users’ product purchases in an online community. They assess how product, user, and network characteristics influence the social contagion effect in users’ spending behavior. The authors use a unique large-scale data set from a popular massively multiplayer online role-playing game community—consisting of users’ detailed gaming activities, their social connections, and their in-game purchases of functional and hedonic products—to examine the impact of gamers’ social networks on their purchase behavior. The analysis, based on a double-hurdle model that captures gamers’ decisions of playing and spending levels, reveals evidence of “social dollars,” whereby social interaction between gamers in the community increases their in-game product purchases. Interestingly, the results indicate that social influence varies across different types of products. Specifically, the effect of a focal user's network ties on his or her spending on hedonic products is greater than the effect of network ties on the focal user's spending on functional products. Furthermore, the authors find that user experience negatively moderates social contagion for functional products, whereas it positively moderates contagion for hedonic products. In addition, dense networks enhance contagion over functional product purchases, whereas they mitigate the social influence effect over hedonic product purchases. The authors perform a series of tests and robustness checks to rule out the effect of confounding factors. They supplement their econometric analyses with dynamic matching techniques and estimate average treatment effects. The results of the study have implications for both theory and practice and help provide insights on how managers can monetize social networks and use social information to increase user engagement in online communities.

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