scholarly journals Credit Constraints and the Measurement of Time Preferences

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dean ◽  
Anja Sautmann
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Financial Shocks ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Using Data

Incentivized experiments are often used to identify the time preferences of households in developing countries. We argue theoretically and empirically that experimental measures may not identify preference parameters, but are a useful tool for understanding financial shocks and constraints. Using data from an experiment in Mali, we find that subject responses vary with savings and financial shocks, meaning they provide information about credit constraints and can be used to test models of risk sharing.

scholarly journals Impacts of Electricity Outages in Urban Households in Developing Countries: A Case of Accra, Ghana

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3676
Author(s):  
Paul Nduhuura ◽  
Matthias Garschagen ◽  
Abdellatif Zerga
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Family Setting

Many developing countries in Africa face a “double tragedy” when it comes to electrification. Electricity access rates are low, while those who have access to electricity face frequent outages. There are ongoing efforts aimed at increasing access to electricity on the continent. However, the need to improve the reliability of electricity supply receives limited attention. Unreliable electricity impacts users by limiting electricity utilization and the benefits that should accrue from having an electricity connection. Using data from 496 household survey questionnaires, this study examines the impacts of electricity outages in urban households in Accra, Ghana. The study applies correlation and regression analyses to identify which household characteristics are associated with or predict households reporting outage impacts. Outages were found to impact household safety/security, access to food, and access to social services and were found to cause appliance damage as well. Factors that are significantly correlated with reporting certain outage impacts include respondent’s annual income and employment status, frequency of electricity outages, and household size. Significant predictors of reporting outage impacts are socioeconomic disadvantage, high exposure to outages, and living in a large family setting. The study’s findings underscore the need for interventions to eliminate, or at least minimize, electricity supply interruptions in developing countries if sustainable social and economic development is to be achieved.

scholarly journals Nonparametric Analysis of Time-Inconsistent Preferences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Blow ◽  
Martin Browning ◽  
Ian Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Nonparametric Analysis ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Time Inconsistent ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Abstract This paper provides a revealed preference characterisation of quasi-hyperbolic discounting which is designed to be applied to readily-available expenditure surveys. We describe necessary and sufficient conditions for the leading forms of the model and also study the consequences of the restrictions on preferences popularly used in empirical lifecycle consumption models. Using data from a household consumption panel dataset we explore the prevalence of time-inconsistent behaviour. The quasi-hyperbolic model provides a significantly more successful account of behaviour than the alternatives considered. We estimate the joint distribution of time preferences and the distribution of discount functions at various time horizons.

scholarly journals The nature of crowdfunding in China: initial evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaiyu Huang ◽  
Candy Lim Chiu ◽  
Sha Mo ◽  
Rob Marjerison
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop initial evidence about the nature and features of crowdfunding in China, given it is largely unregulated regulatory frameworks. Design/methodology/approach The paper used extensive desk research using data collected from the public and private sectors, after which the data was analyzed parallel to existing academic literature, that is, institutional context by Bruton et al. (2014). This paper uncovered patterns of development, profiling crowdfunding platforms, examining the regulatory landscape and providing antecedents of successful crowdfunding projects in China. Findings When the traditional financial markets are hard to reach, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) were starved for capital. Crowdfunding can play a major role in funding and risk sharing. It is an innovative and dynamic vehicle for MSMEs as well as enthusiastic investors in China. Since its initial introduction to China in 2009, crowdfunding has gained substantial popularity in a relatively short period. Currently, there is still not an identifiable guideline on how to delineate the significance of the crowdfunding platform. The development of crowdfunding in China faces a few unresolved key issues. As researchers exploring this phenomenon in new ways, crowdfunding platforms can be enhanced in a manner that benefits the capital seeker, investors and society as a whole. Originality/value There is a dearth of information on start-up crowdfunding in Asia. With little data available to analyze, so this paper hopes to contribute to knowledge and provide valuable information to researchers and industry representations. Crowdfunding represents a potentially disruptive change in the way that new ventures are funded. This paper represents an initial analysis in the study of new ventures in China. Finally, the authors provide recommendations for entrepreneurs, investors and policymakers as well as researchers and practitioners with suggestions about yet unexplored avenues of research.

scholarly journals Why Does Misallocation Persist?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit V. Banerjee ◽  
Benjamin Moll
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Capital Misallocation ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
General Conditions

Recent papers argue that the misallocation of resources can explain large cross-country TFP differences. This argument is underpinned by empirical evidence documenting substantial dispersion in the marginal products of resources, particularly capital, in developing countries. But why does misallocation persists? That is, why don't distortions disappear on their own? This is particularly true for capital misallocation, a point we illustrate in a simple model of capital accumulation with credit constraints. We distinguish between misallocation on the intensive and the extensive margin, and show that the former should disappear asymptotically under general conditions, while the latter may persist. We conclude by discussing possible theories of persistent misallocation. (JEL D24, E22, G31, G32, L26)

scholarly journals Episodes of non-employment among immigrants from developing countries in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Ahmed Aboubacar ◽  
Nong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Labour Market Mobility

Using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), we analyze non-employment episodes for immigrants from developing countries, and compare their situation to that of immigrants from developed countries and Canadian-born individuals between 1996 and 2006. The methods used allowed us to draw the following conclusion: significant differences exist between these three groups in labour market mobility, the average duration of a non-employment episode, and the factors that affect the propensity to exit from a nonemployment episode. These differences demonstrate a particular disadvantage for immigrants from developing countries. In fact, they tend to spend more time in non-employment episodes compared to their counterparts from developed countries, and compared to Canadian-born individuals.

How to Close the Gender Gap in Political Participation: Lessons from Matrilineal Societies in Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lea Robinson ◽  
Jessica Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Using Data

AbstractWhile gender gaps in political participation are pervasive, especially in developing countries, this study provides systematic evidence of one cultural practice that closes this gap. Using data from across Africa, this article shows that matrilineality – tracing kinship through the female line – is robustly associated with closing the gender gap in political participation. It then uses this practice as a lens through which to draw more general inferences. Exploiting quantitative and qualitative data from Malawi, the authors demonstrate that matrilineality's success in improving outcomes for women lies in its ability to sustain more progressive norms about the role of women in society. It sets individual expectations about the gendered beliefs and behaviors of other households in the community, and in a predictable way through the intergenerational transmission of the practice. The study tests and finds evidence against two competing explanations: that matrilineality works through its conferral of material resources alone, or by increasing education for girls.

Testing the bargaining hypothesis in the manufacturing sector in developing countries

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Kobrin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
National Study ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relative Bargaining Power ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Over Time

The bargaining power model of HC–MNC (host country–multinational corporation) interaction conceives of economic nationalism in terms of rational self-interest and assumes both inherent conflict and convergent objectives. In extractive industries, there is strong evidence that outcomes are a function of relative bargaining power and that as power shifts to developing HCs over time, the bargain obsolesces. A cross-national study of the bargaining model, using data from 563 subsidiaries of U.S. manufacturing firms in forty-nine developing countries, indicates that while the bargaining framework is an accurate model of MNC–host country relationships, manufacturing is not characterized by the inherent, structurally based, and secular obsolescence that is found in the natural resource industries. Shifts in bargaining power to HCs may take place when technology is mature and global integration limited. In industries characterized by changing technologies and the spread of global integration, the bargain will obsolesce very slowly and the relative power of MNCs may even increase over time.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Orientation of Public Universities in Republic of Serbia-Empirical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Cvijić ◽  
Jovana Tatarski ◽  
Ivana Katić ◽  
Aleksandar Vekić ◽  
Jelena Borocki
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
University Policies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on the activities of state universities in the Republic of Serbia. Using the ENTRE-U scale, the researchers have graded the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of the employees at state universities in the Republic of Serbia. In the theoretical part, the detailed literature review is provided, which contributes to a better understanding of terms like entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial university. Using data from 282 respondents who work at the state universities in the Republic of Serbia, the researchers validate the ENTRE-U questionnaire in a specific context. With this, it is proven that the ENTRE-U scale is applicable not only for developed countries but also for the developing countries, such as the Republic of Serbia. The general conclusion is that with using the ENTRE-U scale, it is possible to predict the level of innovativeness, as well as the nature of innovative activities that are conducted at state universities in the Republic of Serbia. The entrepreneurially oriented universities differ from those which lack entrepreneurial orientation by the extent of their research mobilization, unconventional approaches, the level of cooperation with industries, and the way university policies are implemented.

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