scholarly journals Episodes of non-employment among immigrants from developing countries in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Ahmed Aboubacar ◽  
Nong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Labour Market Mobility

Using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), we analyze non-employment episodes for immigrants from developing countries, and compare their situation to that of immigrants from developed countries and Canadian-born individuals between 1996 and 2006. The methods used allowed us to draw the following conclusion: significant differences exist between these three groups in labour market mobility, the average duration of a non-employment episode, and the factors that affect the propensity to exit from a nonemployment episode. These differences demonstrate a particular disadvantage for immigrants from developing countries. In fact, they tend to spend more time in non-employment episodes compared to their counterparts from developed countries, and compared to Canadian-born individuals.

DISEASE PATTERNS;

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 570-574
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Zakria
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Medical Ward ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Communicable and gastrointestinal diseases followed by respiratory diseasesare the main reasons of admission in medical ward of developing countries. This is different fromthe developed countries where non communicable diseases are the main reasons of hospitaladmission. In developing countries the data of hospital admission are still lacking. Therefore thisstudy will help us to assess the common patterns of diseases admitted in a medical ward, theaverage length of hospital stay etc. Objective: The objectives of this study are to assess thepatterns and prevalence of diseases, the most common diagnosis and average duration ofpatient’s hospital stay. Design: Observational retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients andmethods: The record of 327 hospitalized patients in medical ward was analyzed for the period ofthirteen months from Mar 2013 to Mar 2014. Patient’s medical records were retrieved and dataanalysis was done to obtain age, sex, common diagnosis, the affected system and the duration ofthe hospital stay. The data was analyzed by using SPSSV 16. Results: After reviewing the data,the most common age of patients being admitted were between 46-65 yrs (37.6%), followed bybetween 26-45yrs (33%), < 25yrs (15.9 %) , between 66-85 yrs (12.5 % )and > 85 yrs were only1% . Among the admitted patients females were more than the males except in case of liverdiseases. The most affected system was gastrointestinal ( 22.63 % ) and the most commondiagnosis was Diabetes Mellitus (12.84 %). The next common system involved wascardiovascular (15.29 %), respiratory (14.37 %), endocrine / DM (10.70 %), neurology (9.48 %),heamatology (3.36 %), renal (2.45 %) , rheumatology (1.84 %) and others ( including pyschiarty ,poisoning, infectious , electric shock etc ) (5.81 %). The cause for hospital admission by infectionin different system was (20.48%) The average duration of hospital stay of the patients was 4 days.Conclusions: The gastrointestinal diseases and the infectious diseases are the most commondiseases. The communicable diseases still hold a greater position in developing countries, whilenon communicable diseases are main reasons for admission to the medical wards in developedcountries.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Orientation of Public Universities in Republic of Serbia-Empirical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Cvijić ◽  
Jovana Tatarski ◽  
Ivana Katić ◽  
Aleksandar Vekić ◽  
Jelena Borocki
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
University Policies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on the activities of state universities in the Republic of Serbia. Using the ENTRE-U scale, the researchers have graded the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of the employees at state universities in the Republic of Serbia. In the theoretical part, the detailed literature review is provided, which contributes to a better understanding of terms like entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial university. Using data from 282 respondents who work at the state universities in the Republic of Serbia, the researchers validate the ENTRE-U questionnaire in a specific context. With this, it is proven that the ENTRE-U scale is applicable not only for developed countries but also for the developing countries, such as the Republic of Serbia. The general conclusion is that with using the ENTRE-U scale, it is possible to predict the level of innovativeness, as well as the nature of innovative activities that are conducted at state universities in the Republic of Serbia. The entrepreneurially oriented universities differ from those which lack entrepreneurial orientation by the extent of their research mobilization, unconventional approaches, the level of cooperation with industries, and the way university policies are implemented.

Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development – A Developing Countries’ Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Bhanumurthy ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Outward Fdi ◽  
Composite Indices ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Impact

Outward FDI is considered as a developed countries phenomenon. However FDI outflows from developing countries particularly Asian countries such as China and India have been growing over the past few decades. The paper focuses on outward FDI from developing countries in terms of outflows and outward stock. The paper studies the impact of socio-economic variables such as infrastructure, human capital, labour, market, trade openness, resources etc. on FDI outflows from developing countries. With the help of Principal Component Analysis, we construct a set of six composite indices, namely, human resource, infrastructure, labour, market, trade openness and resource, as determinants of OFDI. We use a Panel Regression approach both in terms of OFDI stock and flow, for the period 1990-2009. Outward FDI flows from developing countries do not show a significant pattern. FDI outward stock from developing countries represents stable patterns. It shows that steadily this is growing at 4.4 percent per annum, although the initial level is low. Top ten countries show a significant growth rate of 8 percent per annum, in the case of outward stock. Infrastructure is the only single variable whose elasticity is slightly over one in the case of top ten countries and is highly significant. Therefore, the FDI outflow is going from those countries amongst developing countries that have a significant infrastructure base.

Superior economic performance in developed and developing countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ruiz ◽  
Paulo Arvate ◽  
Wlamir Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

Purpose The extant literature on emerging economies states that the development of the institutional context contributes to the creation of hypercompetitive conditions. The purpose of this paper is to test this assertion by using data from both developing and developed countries. Design/methodology/approach The study used a probit model, Kolmogorov Smirnov tests and propensity score matching to determine the difference in persistent superior economic performance. Panel data from 600 firms in 26 different countries were used for the period from 1995 to 2011. Findings The empirical results support the proposition that there is a significant difference in superior economic performance and persistent superior economic performance sustainability between firms in developed and developing countries. Originality/value This study contributes by fostering other theories related to competitive advantages and giving special emphasis to the comparison between developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Export of Recyclable Materials: Evidence from Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Okubo ◽  
Yuta Watabe ◽  
Kaori Furuyama
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nonferrous Metal ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Waste Trade

In this paper, we study the waste haven hypothesis, which predicts that waste materials will be exported from high-income developed countries with stringent environmental regulations to developing countries with less rigorous environmental protection. Using data on Japanese export of recyclable waste resources (plastic waste, waste paper, iron and steel scrap, and nonferrous metal scraps), we find evidence from our econometric analysis that Asian countries provide a waste haven for Japan. In particular, Japan exports waste materials to Asian countries with low per capita incomes and large markets. We suggest that environmental regulation should be tightened to reduce waste trade in Asia.

scholarly journals HFC-23 (CHF<sub>3</sub>) emission trend response to HCFC-22 (CHClF<sub>2</sub>) production and recent HFC-23 emission abatement measures

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 7875-7890 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Miller ◽  
M. Rigby ◽  
L. J. M. Kuijpers ◽  
P. B. Krummel ◽  
L. P. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. HFC-23 (also known as CHF3, fluoroform or trifluoromethane) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG), with a global warming potential (GWP) of 14 800 for a 100-year time horizon. It is an unavoidable by-product of HCFC-22 (CHClF2, chlorodifluoromethane) production. HCFC-22, an ozone depleting substance (ODS), is used extensively in commercial refrigeration and air conditioning, in the extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam industries (dispersive applications) and also as a feedstock in fluoropolymer manufacture (a non-dispersive use). Aside from small markets in specialty uses, HFC-23 has historically been considered a waste gas that was, and often still is, simply vented to the atmosphere. Efforts have been made in the past two decades to reduce HFC-23 emissions, including destruction (incineration) in facilities in developing countries under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's (UNFCCC) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and by process optimization and/or voluntary incineration by most producers in developed countries. We present observations of lower-tropospheric mole fractions of HFC-23 measured by "Medusa" GC/MSD instruments from ambient air sampled in situ at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network of five remote sites (2007–2009) and in Cape Grim air archive (CGAA) samples (1978–2009) from Tasmania, Australia. These observations are used with the AGAGE 2-D atmospheric 12-box model and an inverse method to produce model mole fractions and a "top-down" HFC-23 emission history. The model 2009 annual mean global lower-tropospheric background abundance is 22.6 (±0.2) pmol mol−1. The derived HFC-23 emissions show a "plateau" during 1997–2003, followed by a rapid ~50% increase to a peak of 15.0 (+1.3/−1.2) Gg/yr in 2006. Following this peak, emissions of HFC-23 declined rapidly to 8.6 (+0.9/−1.0) Gg/yr in 2009, the lowest annual emission of the past 15 years. We derive a 1990–2008 "bottom-up" HFC-23 emission history using data from the United Nations Environment Programme and the UNFCCC. Comparison with the top-down HFC-23 emission history shows agreement within the stated uncertainties. In the 1990s, HFC-23 emissions from developed countries dominated all other sources, then began to decline and eventually became fairly constant during 2003–2008. By this point, with developed countries' emissions essentially at a plateau, the major factor controlling the annual dynamics of global HFC-23 emissions became the historical rise of developing countries' HCFC-22 dispersive use production, which peaked in 2007. Thereafter in 2007–2009, incineration through CDM projects became a larger factor, reducing global HFC-23 emissions despite rapidly rising HCFC-22 feedstock production in developing countries.

scholarly journals HFC-23 (CHF<sub>3</sub>) emission trend response to HCFC-22 (CHClF<sub>2</sub>) production and recent HFC-23 emission abatement measures

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 13179-13217
Author(s):  
B. R. Miller ◽  
M. Rigby ◽  
L. J. M. Kuijpers ◽  
P. B. Krummel ◽  
L. P. Steele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. HFC-23 (also known as CHF3, fluoroform or trifluoromethane) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG), with a global warming potential (GWP) of 14 800 for a 100-year time horizon. It is an unavoidable by-product of HCFC-22 (CHClF2, chlorodifluoromethane) production. HCFC-22, an ozone depleting substance (ODS), is used extensively in commercial refrigeration and air conditioning, in the extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam industries (dispersive applications) and also as a feedstock in fluoropolymer manufacture (a non-dispersive use). Aside from small markets in specialty uses, HFC-23 has historically been considered a waste gas that was, and often still is, simply vented to the atmosphere. Efforts have been made in the past two decades to reduce HFC-23 emissions, including destruction (incineration) in facilities in developing countries under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change's (UNFCCC) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and by process optimization and/or voluntary incineration by most producers in developed countries. We present observations of lower-tropospheric mole fractions of HFC-23 measured by "Medusa" GC/MSD instruments from ambient air sampled in situ at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network of five remote sites and in Cape Grim air archive (CGAA) samples (1978–2009) from Tasmania, Australia. These observations are used with the AGAGE 2-D atmospheric 12-box model and an inverse method to produce model mole fractions and a "top-down" HFC-23 emission history. The model 2009 annual mean global lower-tropospheric background abundance is 22.8 (±0.2) pmol mol−1. The derived HFC-23 emissions show a "plateau" during 1997–2003, followed by a rapid ~50% increase to a peak of 15.0 (+1.3/−1.2) Gg/yr in 2006. Following this peak, emissions of HFC-23 declined rapidly to 8.6 (+0.9/−1.0) Gg/yr in 2009, the lowest annual emission of the past 15 years. We derive a 1990–2008 "bottom-up" HFC-23 emission history using data from the United Nations Environment Programme and the UNFCCC. Comparison with the top-down HFC-23 emission history shows agreement within the stated uncertainties. In the 1990s, HFC-23 emissions from developed countries dominated all other sources, then began to decline and eventually became fairly constant during 2003–2008. From the beginning of that plateau, the major factor determining the annual dynamics of global HFC-23 emissions became the historical rise of HCFC-22 production for dispersive uses in developing countries to a peak in 2007. Thereafter in 2007–2009, incineration through CDM projects became a larger factor, reducing global HFC-23 emissions despite rapidly rising HCFC-22 feedstock production in developing countries.

scholarly journals The Law of One Price: Developed and Developing Country Market Integration

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yang ◽  
David A. Bessler ◽  
David J. Leatham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Law Of One Price ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Country Market ◽  
The Law ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThe Law of One Price (LOP) is important to models of international trade and exchange rate determination. This study investigates a variant of the LOP applied to developed and developing countries. The competing hypotheses are (1) that one price prevails in both developed and developing countries and (2) that one price prevails in developed countries and another single price in developing countries. Using data from an internationally competitive commodity (soybean meal), we found evidence favors the first hypothesis, although two large developing countries under study are active participants in regional trade integration, which may bias them against the first hypothesis.

Dynamics of Public Expenditure on Defense and Economic Growth Pattern in Developed and Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 669-681
Author(s):  
Madhabendra Sinha ◽  
Anjan Ray Chaudhury ◽  
Partha Pratim Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Panel Var ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Using Data

Endogenous growth theories refer that public spending has a considerable bearing on economic growth. Rise in public spending retards rate of economic growth. As the economic structure across the developed and developing countries varies significantly, the effect of public spending on non-productive activities may differ across these countries. In this context, the authors develop a comparative study for looking at the dynamic relationship between public expenditure on defense activities and pattern of economic growth between developing and developed countries across the globe over the period 1960-2015. Using data from SIPRI and World Bank, the authors invoke the panel data regression with panel co-integration test followed by panel VAR. Findings indicate that developed countries have positive impact of defense spending on growth, and the relationship is bi-directional, whereas the impact is found to be negative in developing nations.

Offshoring of Services from Developing Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kraiwinee Bunyaratavej ◽  
Eugene D. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Using Data

Offshore outsourcing of services accelerated at the end of 1990s in developed countries. Recently developing countries have also increasingly offshored services, not only to developed countries but also to other developing countries. Yet, to date little attention has been paid to the emergence of this reverse offshoring. This paper examines the determinants of offshoring of services from developing countries; as such the authors investigate what location factors drive these firms from developing countries to offshore services. Using data on service offshoring projects during 2001-2007 originating from developing countries, the authors found that the determinants of offshoring of services from developing countries followed similar patterns of conventional offshoring yet for different reasons. In addition, the authors also found that services offshoring from developing countries in some sectors appeared to occur because of the desire to be closer to customers.

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